1. Insimbi Yomdabu: Amakhono Okukhiqiza kanye Namandla Enkampani
I-Womic Steel Group isebenzisa imigqa eminingi yokukhiqiza ye-LSAW ehlanganisa izindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko zokwakha kanye namakhono akhethekile odonga olusindayo:
● Umugqa we-JCOE:Kumadayamitha angu-406mm – 1,422mm (16″–56″), ubukhulu bodonga obufika ku-50.8mm. I-JCO eyakha isinyathelo ngesinyathelo enokwandiswa komshini. Ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, ukuzungeza okuhle. Ilungele ukusetshenziswa kwezintambo eziningi zomgqomo ogwini.
●Umugqa we-UOE:Kumadayamitha angu-508mm – 1,220mm (20″–48″), ubukhulu bodonga bufika ku-40mm. Ukwakheka kwe-U bese kuba ukwakheka kwe-O okunokwandiswa kwe-hydraulic. Ukunemba okuhle kakhulu kobukhulu (±0.2% OD), okukhethwa kakhulu kumapayipi asogwini olujulile kanye nesevisi emuncu.
●Ipuleti Eligoqiwe (Umthungo Owodwa):Kumadayamitha angu-600mm – 1,600mm (24″–63″), ubukhulu bodonga busukela ku-25mm kuya ku-70mm. Ipuleti elilodwa ligoqwe liyi-cylinder nge-weld eyodwa ende. Ilungele ubukhulu bodonga obunzima obungaphezu komthamo we-JCOE/UOE.
●Ipuleti Eligoqiwe (Umthungo Ophindwe Kabili):Ukuze kube nobukhulu bodonga > 50.8mm kuya ku-80mm, kusetshenziswa amapuleti amabili ashiselwe ngobude. Avame ukusetshenziswa kumapayipi amaningi anomfutho ophezulu kanye nezicelo ze-arctic ezidinga ukuqina okukhulu.
Inani lamandla e-LSAW lidlula amathani angu-300,000 ngonyaka, kanti ukukhiqizwa kwe-X52 okuzinikele kudlula amathani angu-120,000 ngonyaka. I-Womic Steel ine-API 5L Monogram (Ilayisensi #API-5L-XXXX), i-ISO 9001, i-CE PED, futhi ihlolwa njalo yi-ABS, i-DNV, i-TÜV, kanye ne-BV. Irekhodi lomhlaba wonke emazweni angaphezu kuka-80 anezipayipi ze-X52 ezingaphezu kwamakhilomitha angu-3,000 ezinikeziwe.
Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kokukhiqiza:
●I-JCOE: 406–1,422mm OD × 6.0–50.8mm Isisindo × ≤ 18m
●I-UOE: 508–1,220mm OD × 6.0–40.0mm WIT × ≤ 24m (ukwandiswa kwemishini kuthuthukisa ukuzungeza)
●Ipuleti eligoqiwe (umthungo owodwa): 600–1,600mm OD × 25–70mm WIT × ≤ 12m (isisindo silinganiselwe kufika kumathani angu-25 ngejoyinti ngalinye)
●Ipuleti eligoqiwe (umthungo ophindwe kabili): 1,000–2,000mm OD × 25–80mm Isisindo × ≤ 12m
Wonke amapayipi angahlinzekwa nge-PWHT (ukwelashwa kokushisa ngemuva kokushiswa) ukuze kusetshenziswe udonga olujiyile noma olumuncu. Ukuhlolwa komthelela wokushisa okuphansi kuyatholakala kuze kufike ku--60°C kumaphrojekthi ase-Arctic.
2. I-API 5L X52: Izici Zokwakheka Kwezinto Nokusebenza
I-API 5L X52 ingenye yezinhlobo zamapayipi omugqa ezichazwe kabanzi zokudluliswa kukawoyela negesi ngomfutho ophakathi kuya phezulu emhlabeni jikelele. Ngamandla okukhiqiza amancane angu-360 MPa (52,200 psi) kanye namandla okudonsa angu-460 MPa (66,700 psi), i-X52 inikeza amandla aphakeme cishe ngo-47% kune-GR.B, okuvumela ukunciphisa ubukhulu bodonga ngo-25-30% ngesilinganiso esifanayo sokucindezela. Igama elithi "X" libonisa ipayipi lomugqa elinamandla aphezulu, kanti elithi "52" limelela amandla okukhiqiza amancane ku-ksi.
Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali (Ukuhlaziywa Kwezindebe, ubuningi be-% ngobuningi):
| Isici | I-API 5L X52 PSL1 (ubuningi %) | I-API 5L X52 PSL2 (ubuningi %) |
| C | 0.24 | 0.22 |
| Mn | 1.40 | 1.40 |
| P | 0.025 | 0.025 |
| S | 0.015 | 0.015 |
| Si | 0.45 | 0.45 |
| V | 0.10 | 0.10 |
| Nb | 0.05 | 0.05 |
| Ti | 0.04 | 0.04 |
I-PSL2 idinga i-carbon equivalent (CEV) ≤ 0.43% ukuze kube ngcono ukushibilika ezimweni zasensimini. I-Microalloying ene-Nb, V, Ti inikeza ukuhluzwa kokusanhlamvu kanye nokuqinisa imvula.
Izakhiwo Zomshini (Izinga Lokushisa Legumbi):
| Impahla | I-API 5L X52 PSL1 | I-API 5L X52 PSL2 |
| Amandla Okukhiqiza (iminithi) | I-360 MPa (52,200 psi) | 360–530 MPa |
| Amandla Okudonsa (iminithi) | I-460 MPa (66,700 psi) | 460–760 MPa |
| Ukwelulwa (iminithi) | 21% (ngegeyiji engu-50mm) | 21% |
| Ubulukhuni (ubuningi) | Akucacisiwe | 90 HRB |
| Ukuqina Komthelela (iminithi) | Akudingeki | 27 J @ 0°C (ongakukhetha -20°C, -40°C, -60°C) |
Ukuqhathaniswa ne-GR.B kanye ne-X65:
| Ibanga | I-MPa ephumayo | I-MPa ethambile | Isicelo Esijwayelekile |
| GR.B | 245 | 415 | Ukusatshalaliswa kwamanzi/igesi okujwayelekile |
| X52 | 360 | 460 | Imigqa yemithwalo enomfutho ophezulu, ogwini/ogwini lolwandle |
| I-X65 | 450 | 535 | Umfutho ophezulu kakhulu, amanzi ajulile, i-Arctic |
3. Ukuhambisana Nobubanzi Nokulinganisa Kwezindinganiso
| Into | Imininingwane |
| Okujwayelekile | I-API 5L PSL1 / PSL2 (futhi ISO 3183 L360) |
| Izinqubo Zokukhiqiza | I-JCOE, i-UOE, ipuleti eligoqiwe (umthungo owodwa/ophindwe kabili) |
| Ububanzi Bobubanzi Bangaphandle | 219mm – 1,600mm (8″ – 63″) |
| Ububanzi Bokujiya Kodonga | I-JCOE/UOE: 5.0mm – 50.8mm; Ipuleti eligoqiwe: 25mm – 70mm (kufika ku-80mm ngokwezifiso) |
| Ibanga Lobude | Okujwayelekile: 6m, 12m, 18m; Okunwetshiwe: kufika ku-24m (JCOE/UOE) noma 12m (udonga olusindayo olugoqiwe) |
| Ukuqeda Ukuqeda | Isiphelo Esilula (PE), Isiphelo Esibekiwe (BE) nge-API 5L (i-bevel engu-30°, ubuso bempande obujwayelekile obungu-1.6mm) |
| Ukuqedwa Komphezulu | Okungenalutho, Okugcotshwe ngamafutha, 3LPE, 3LPP, FBE, Coal Tar Epoxy, Liquid Epoxy |
| Ukubekezelelana | I-OD: ±0.5% noma ±3.2mm (noma ngabe ingaphansi); Isisindo: -0% / +15%; Ubude: +50mm / -0mm |
4. Ubukhulu Nemininingwane Etholakalayo – Ipayipi Lensimbi le-API 5L X52 LSAW (Osayizi Abajwayelekile Abakhethiwe)
| I-OD (mm) | Izinketho ze-WT (mm) | Inqubo | Isisindo Esilinganiselwayo (kg/m) | Ubude Obujwayelekile | Isicelo Esijwayelekile |
| 273 | 6.4, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5 | I-JCOE | 42.1 – 80.1 | 12m | Ukusatshalaliswa kwegesi |
| 324 | 6.4, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 14.0 | I-JCOE | 50.2 – 107.1 | 12m / 18m | Ukuqoqwa kwegesi |
| 406 | 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0 | I-JCOE/UOE | 78.5 – 153.9 | 12m / 18m | Imigqa kawoyela ongahluziwe |
| 508 | 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 19.0 | I-UOE | 98.6 – 229.1 | 12m / 18m / 24m | Imigqa yemithwalo yegesi |
| 610 | 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 19.0, 22.0 | I-UOE | 148.0 – 319.1 | 12m / 18m / 24m | Igesi enomfutho ophezulu |
| 711 | 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4 | I-JCOE/UOE | 172.9 – 429.4 | 12m / 18m | Imigqa yesiqu samafutha |
| 813 | 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 30.0 | I-JCOE | 246.7 – 579.8 | 12m / 18m | Igesi enqamula izwe |
| 914 | 14.0, 16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 30.0, 35.0 | I-JCOE | 310.8 – 759.2 | 12m / 18m | Imigqa emikhulu yesiqu |
| 1,016 | 16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 30.0, 35.0, 40.0 | I-JCOE/Egoqiwe | 394.6 – 963.9 | 12m | Igesi enomthamo omkhulu |
| 1,220 | 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 30.0, 35.0, 40.0, 45.0, 50.0 | Okugoqiwe (okukodwa) | 563.0 – 1,304.2 | 12m | Amapayipi asogwini lolwandle |
| 1,422 | 25.4, 30.0, 35.0, 40.0, 45.0, 50.0, 55.0 | Okugoqiwe (okukodwa) | 875.1 – 1,692.5 | 12m | Izikhuphuli zamanzi ajulile |
| 1,600 | 30.0, 40.0, 50.0, 60.0, 70.0 | Kugoqwe kabili (okuphindwe kabili) | 1,162 – 2,640 | 10m / 12m | I-Arctic/umfutho ophezulu |
*Amapayipi odonga asindayo (≥ 32mm) adinga i-PWHT ukuze kuncishiswe ukucindezeleka okusele futhi kuhlangatshezwane nemikhawulo yokuqina ukuze kube nenkonzo emuncu. Udonga olujiyile i-X52 luvame ukusetshenziselwa ukujova amanzi ngomfutho ophezulu ku-25-35 MPa.*
5. Izindinganiso Ezivamile Namabanga – Ipayipi Lomugqa le-LSAW kanye Nepayipi Lokwakheka
| Okujwayelekile | Amabanga Ensimbi | Isicelo Esijwayelekile | Inqubo Yokwakha |
| I-API 5L PSL1/PSL2 | X52, X60, X65, X70 | Ukudluliswa kukawoyela/igesi | I-JCOE/UOE/Egoqiwe |
| I-API 5L PSL2 (emuncu) | X52, X65 | Isevisi emuncu (H₂S) | I-UOE + i-PWHT |
| I-ASTM A53 | GR.B | Amapayipi anengcindezi ephansi | I-JCOE |
| I-ASTM A106 | GR.B/C | Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu | I-JCOE/Egoqiwe |
| I-EN 10217-1 | S235JR, S275JR | Amapayipi okucindezela | I-JCOE |
| I-EN 10219 | S355JRH, S355J2H | Izingxenye zesakhiwo | I-JCOE/Egoqiwe |
| I-DNV-OS-F101 | I-L360 (X52) | Amapayipi angaphansi kolwandle | I-UOE |
| I-BS 7191 | I-L360 (X52) | Isakhiwo sasogwini lolwandle | I-UOE/Egoqiwe |
| I-NORSOK M-120 | X52 | Amapayipi epulatifomu angaphandle | I-UOE |
Isifinyezo sokusetshenziswa:Imigqa yemithwalo kawoyela/igesi eqhelelene, ukudluliswa kwegesi enomfutho ophezulu, amapayipi asogwini lolwandle, isevisi emuncu, umjovo wamanzi, amapayipi ase-arctic, amapayipi asesiteshini se-compressor, ukufakwa kwezakhiwo zamapulatifomu asogwini lolwandle.
6. Izinqubo Zokukhiqiza – I-LSAW (i-JCOE / i-UOE / Ipuleti Eligoqiwe) lepayipi lensimbi le-X52
I-Womic Steel ikhetha inqubo efanele ngokusekelwe kububanzi, ukujiya kodonga, kanye nezidingo zesakhiwo somshini. Zonke izinqubo zifaka phakathi ukulawula okuqinile kokufaka ukushisa ukuze kulondolozwe izakhiwo ze-X52 ezixutshwe nge-microalloy.
Inqubo ye-JCOE (406–1,422mm OD, 6.0–50.8mm WET):
● Ukugaya umphetho wepuleti (i-X noma i-J bevel) ngokunemba ± 0.5mm
● Ukugoba (ukugoba) imiphetho kusengaphambili kube yi-radius yokujiya kwepuleti engu-1.5x
● Ukwakheka komumo ka-J (ukucindezela ngokucindezela) – ingxenye yokuqala yesithathu yomjikelezo
● Ukwakheka komumo ka-C (uchungechunge lwamadayi) – ingxenye yesibili ye-1/3 yomjikelezo
● Ukwakheka kwesimo se-O (isilinda sokugcina) – ukuvala umthungo
● Ukushisela izikhonkwane (ukufaka izikhonkwane njalo ngama-300mm eceleni komthungo)
● I-Inner SAW (intambo eyodwa noma eziningi, okokufaka ukushisa kulawulwa ku-≤ 3.5 kJ/mm)
● Ukugaya ingemuva (i-air carbon arc noma ukugaya) ukuze kungene ngokuphelele
● I-SAW Yangaphandle (i-multi-pass yezindonga ezijiyile, iqashwe ukufakwa kokushisa)
● Ukwandiswa kwemishini (1–1.5% OD iyanda, ithuthukisa ukuzungeza ku-±0.3%)
● Kufanelekela ukusetshenziswa kwezintambo eziningi zasogwini
Inqubo ye-UOE (508–1,220mm OD, 6.0–40mm WET):
● Ukucindezela kwe-U kwenza ipuleti libe ngesimo se-U (amandla amathani angu-2000-4000)
● Ukucindezela kwe-O kuvala kube yisimo esiyindilinga (amandla amathani angu-3000-6000)
● Isandisi (somshini) kuya kububanzi bokugcina kanye nokuzungeza (izingxenye ezikhulayo ezingu-48-72)
● Ukushisela okufana ne-JCOE kodwa okunamandla aphezulu (ipayipi eli-1 ngemizuzu emi-3-4)
● Kukhethwa kakhulu ngamapayipi amanzi ajulile kanye nesevisi emuncu ngenxa yokuzungeza okuphezulu (±0.2% OD) kanye nokucindezeleka okuphansi okusele
● Ukuma okuphansi kuqinisekisa ukufakwa kwe-buckle arrester okuthembekile
Ipuleti Eligoqiwe (Umthungo Owodwa) Wodonga Olunzima (600–1,600mm OD, 25–70mm WIT):
● Ipuleti lensimbi elilodwa ligoqwa libe yisilinda kusetshenziswa umshini wokugoba onezimbobo ezine
● Ukugoqa isinyathelo ngesinyathelo: ukugoqa ngaphambi kokugoqa, ukugoqa okungahlelekile, ukugoqa kokuqeda (ngokuvamile amaphasi angu-15-20)
● Umthungo we-longitudinal oshiselwe nge-SAW (ubuncane bezindlela ezintathu: impande, ukugcwalisa, isivalo)
● Akukho ukunwetshwa kwemishini (ukuzungeza okufinyelelwa ngokunemba kokugoqa, okuvamile ±0.5%)
● Kufanelekela amapayipi odonga aqinile lapho amathuluzi e-JCOE/UOE elinganiselwe khona
● Idinga i-PWHT (ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka) ukuze udonga lube nobukhulu obungaphezu kuka-32mm ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokuqina
Ipuleti Eligoqiwe (Umthungo Ophindwe Kabili) Wodonga Olunzima Kakhulu / Ububanzi Obukhulu Kakhulu (1,000–2,000mm OD, 25–80mm WIT):
● Amapuleti amabili asongwe abe yisigamu-silinda futhi ahlanganiswa ngemithungo emibili emide
● Ngokuvamile kusetshenziselwa amapayipi amaningi anomfutho ophezulu, ama-penstock, kanye namapayipi e-arctic
● Zonke izindwangu zokushisela zihlolwe ngo-100% UT kanye ne-RT
● I-PWHT iyimpoqo kuzo zombili izithungo ezinde
Ukwelashwa Kokushisa Ngemva Kokushiswa (PWHT):Ukuze kube nobukhulu bodonga > 32mm noma ukuze kube nenkonzo emuncu (H₂S), i-Womic inikeza ukwelashwa kokushisa okunciphisa ukucindezeleka esithandweni esingaphansi kwemoto (kufika ku-12m ubude) noma endaweni kusetshenziswa ukushisa kwe-induction kwamapayipi amade. Izinga lokushisa lokucwilisa lingu-580-620°C ihora eli-1 ngobukhulu obungu-25mm. Ukuqina ngemva kwe-PWHT kulawulwa ku-≤ 90 HRB (noma ≤ 248 HV10). Ukuze kube nenkonzo emuncu, okuhlosiwe okujwayelekile kungu-≤ 85 HRB ukuze kube nomkhawulo wokuphepha owengeziwe.
Amandla Okushisa Okuphansi:Kumaphrojekthi e-arctic, i-Womic ingahlinzeka nge-X52 ngokuhlolwa komthelela we-Charpy ku--46°C (ubuncane be-27J, ejwayelekile i-80-120J) kanye ne-DWTT (Ukuhlolwa Kokuklebhula Kwesisindo Esiphansi) okunendawo yokugunda engu-≥ 85% ku--20°C.
7. Izinqubo Zokulawula Ikhwalithi Nokuhlola ze-API 5L X52 LSAW Steel Pipe
| Isiteji | Indlela Yokuhlola | Inhloso | Inqubo Esebenzayo |
| Ipuleti | Ukuhlaziywa Kwamakhemikhali (OES) | Qinisekisa imikhawulo yokwakheka kwe-X52 | Konke |
| Ipuleti | I-Ultrasonic (Ukuhlolwa kwe-Lamination) | Thola amaphutha angaphakathi | Konke |
| Ipuleti | Ukugoba/Ukugoba | Ukuqinisekiswa kwemishini | Konke |
| Ipuleti | Ukulinganisa usayizi wezinhlamvu (ASTM E112) | Qinisekisa isakhiwo esixutshwe nge-microalloy | I-X52 PSL2 |
| Ngesikhathi sokwakheka | Ubukhulu (ububanzi, ukujiya) | Qinisekisa ukufana | Konke |
| Umthungo wokushisela | I-UT ezenzakalelayo engu-100% (noma i-PAUT ene-TOFD) | Thola ukuntuleka kokuhlanganiswa, i-slag, i-porosity | Konke |
| Umthungo wokushisela | I-RT (ibala 10-100% uma kucacisiwe) | Ukuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi yokushisela | Konke |
| Umthungo wokushisela | I-MPI (izinzwane kanye ne-HAZ) | Imifantu engaphezulu | Konke |
| Umthungo wokushisela | Ukuqina komgwaqo (ukushisela, i-HAZ, i-BM) | Ukuqinisekiswa kwensizakalo ye-Sour | I-PSL2 / i-sour |
| Ipayipi eliqediwe | Ukuhlolwa kwe-Hydrostatic (nge-API 5L ngayinye) | Ubuqotho bengcindezi (85-100% SMYS) | Konke |
| Ipayipi eliqediwe | I-Charpy V-Notch (PSL2) | Ukuqina kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi | I-PSL2 kuphela |
| Ipayipi eliqediwe | Ukuqina (HRB/HV10) – amaphuzu angu-3 | Ukuthobela imithetho yesevisi ethambile | I-PSL2 / i-sour |
| Ipayipi eliqediwe | Ukugoba Okuqondiswayo / Ukuthamba | Ukuguquguquka | Konke |
| Ipayipi eliqediwe | Okubonakalayo nokumaka | Isimo somphezulu, ukulandeleka | Konke |
| Ipayipi eliqediwe | I-DWTT (ongakukhetha) | Ukulawulwa kokusabalala kokuphuka | I-Arctic/omuncu |
Ongakukhetha ngensizakalo ebalulekile:
● I-HIC nge-NACE TM0284 (Isixazululo A noma B, amahora angu-96) – yesevisi emuncu
● I-SSC nge-NACE TM0177 (Indlela A, amahora angu-720) – yendawo ye-H₂S
● Umthelela wokushisa okuphansi ku--20°C, -40°C, -46°C, noma -60°C
● I-DWTT ku--20°C noma ngaphansi ukuze kuklanywe ukuvimba ukuphuka
● Imephu ephelele yokuqina kwesigaba esiphambeneyo (umugqa ophakathi wokushisela, i-HAZ, insimbi eyisisekelo)
● Ijika lokuguquka le-CVN (Charpy) lisuka ku--60°C liye ku-+20°C
Ukuhlolwa kwe-CTOD (Crack Tip Opening Displacement) kwama-riser asogwini lolwandle
8. Izicelo Eziyinhloko – Ipayipi Lensimbi le-API 5L X52 LSAW
●Imigqa yemithwalo kawoyela ebangeni elide– Ukuthutha uwoyela ongahluziwe usuka emasimini uye ezindaweni zokuhluza (umfutho ofinyelela ku-10 MPa)
●Ukudluliswa kwegesi yemvelo enomfutho ophezulu– Imigqa yemithwalo yegesi ehamba ezweni lonke (ingcindezi efika ku-12 MPa)
● Amapayipi asogwini lolwandle– Imizila yokugeleza kwamanzi angaphansi kolwandle kanye nemizila yokuthumela ngaphandle (inqubo ye-UOE ikhethwa kakhulu uma ijikeleza)
● Amapayipi esevisi emuncu– Uwoyela negesi okuqukethe i-H₂S (i-PSL2 enokuhlolwa kwe-HIC/SSC, kusetshenziswa i-PWHT)
● Imigqa yokujova amanzi– Ukuvuselelwa kwamafutha okuthuthukisiwe, ingcindezi efika ku-35 MPa (ipuleti eligoqekile elisindayo)
● Amapayipi e-Arctic– Izindawo ezihlala ziqhwa ezinezidingo zokushisa okuphansi ezifinyelela ku--46°C
● Amapayipi e-compressor kanye nesiteshi sokupompa– Amapayipi esiteshini esinomfutho ophezulu aneziphetho ezigobile
● Izikhuphuli zepulatifomu zasogwini– Izikhuphuli ezinamandla ezidinga ukuhlolwa kwe-CTOD kanye nomklamo wokukhathala
● Ukufakwa kwezakhiwo zamapulatifomu asogwini lolwandle– Izinqwaba zesisekelo ezithwala umthwalo omkhulu emanzini ajulile
● Izitokwe zezitshalo zikagesi zamanzi– Udonga olunzima, ububanzi obukhulu, ukuthuthwa kwamanzi ngomfutho ophezulu
9. Ukupakisha Nokuthumela – Ipayipi Lensimbi le-API 5L X52 LSAW
Ukupakisha:
● Ububanzi obuncane (≤ 24″): Izinqwaba ezinezinhlangothi eziyisithupha, insimbi eboshwe ngezivikelo ezisemaphethelweni (izibhande ezingu-3-5 ngesinqwaba ngasinye)
● Ububanzi obukhulu (> 24″): Amapayipi ngamanye, ahlukaniswe ngama-dunnage okhuni kanye nama-raber pad (ubuncane bamaphuzu ama-dunnage ama-2 ngepayipi ngalinye)
● Izivalo zokugcina: Izivalo zepulasitiki noma zensimbi ezisindayo (iziphetho ezigobile zivikelekile ekushayweni kanye nokungcola)
● Ukuvikelwa kokumboza: Kwamapayipi ambozwe nge-3LPE/FBE, amasongo e-foam noma amashidi erabha phakathi kwezingqimba ukuvimbela ukuguguleka ngesikhathi sokunyakaza kwemithambo
● Izivikeli zentambo (uma iziphetho zentambo zichaziwe): Izivikeli zentambo zepulasitiki noma zensimbi
Izindlela zokuthumela:
● Imikhumbi emikhulu edlula amathani angu-500 noma ububanzi obukhulu (ukulayisha ngqo kusuka efektri kuya esikebheni)
● Izitsha ezingama-20ft/40ft zobubanzi obuncane (ezihlanganisiwe, ubuningi bamathani angama-25 ngesitsha ngasinye)
● Ama-rack ayisicaba noma izitsha ezivulekile zobude obude kakhulu (kufika ku-24m)
● Izithwali ezinkulu ezinepayipi elikhethekile lokugcina (kusetshenziswa i-dunnage kanye ne-lashing)
● Imithwalo yesitimela yezindawo ezivaliwe (kusuka emachwebeni aseTianjin noma eShanghai kuya e-Inner Mongolia, eKazakhstan, eMongolia)
Amadokhumenti afakiwe kukho konke ukuthunyelwa:
● Isitifiketi Sokuhlolwa Komshini Wokugaya (EN 10204 Uhlobo 3.1 noma 3.2 uma ucela)
● Umbiko Wokuhlola Ongashintshi (ngokucindezela, ubude, kanye nedatha yokwanda)
● Umbiko Wokuhlolwa Kwe-Ultrasonic (ukushintshwa okungu-100% kanye nomzimba, kufaka phakathi indawo yephutha uma ikhona)
● Umbiko Wokuhlolwa Kwe-Radiographic (uma kuchaziwe, ngefilimu noma izithombe zedijithali)
● Umbiko Wokuhlola Obukhulu (OD, WT, ubude, ukujiya, ukuqondile)
● Isitifiketi Sokumboza (uma simbozwe: ukujiya, ukunamathela, ukuhlolwa kweholide)
● Umbiko Wokuhlonza Izinto Ezinhle (i-PMI)
● Uhlu Lokupakisha (olunezinombolo zephakheji/zepayipi kanye nezisindo)
● Uhlu Lwe-invoyisi Yezentengiselwano Nokupakisha
● Isitifiketi Sokuqala (ngokuvamile iShayina, kodwa ingakhipha ifomu le-COO elingu-E, ifomu F, njll.)
● I-Bill of Lading (impahla yolwandle) noma i-Air Waybill (impahla yomoya yamasampula aphuthumayo)
10. Izinzuzo ze-Womic Steel kanye ne-FAQ – Ipayipi Lensimbi le-API 5L X52 LSAW
Kungani i-Womic Steel isetshenziswa nge-X52 LSAW?
● Izinqubo ezintathu ezihambisanayo (i-JCOE, i-UOE, ipuleti eligoqiwe) ububanzi obungu-219–1,600mm
● Amandla odonga olujiyile afinyelela ku-70mm (umthungo owodwa) noma u-80mm (umthungo ophindwe kabili) wokufaka umjovo wokucindezela okuphezulu kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-arctic
● Umthamo wesithando somlilo se-PWHT: ubude obuyi-12m × ububanzi obuyi-3m, kanye nokushisa kokungeniswa kwamapayipi amade
● Ukuhlolwa komthelela wokushisa okuphansi kwehle kufike ku--60°C (ibanga le-arctic X52)
● Isevisi emuncu eqinisekiswe ngokuhlolwa kwe-HIC/SSC (NACE TM0284, TM0177)
● I-API 5L Monogram + CE + ukuhlolwa komuntu wesithathu (SGS, BV, TÜV, DNV, ABS, LR)
● Ukushintsha okusheshayo: Izinsuku ezingu-30-45 ze-X52 PSL1 ejwayelekile, izinsuku ezingu-45-60 zesevisi ye-PSL2 emnandi
● Ubude obude obufika ku-24m bunciphisa ukushintshwa kwe-field girth ngo-30-40% (okuvamile okungu-12m vs 18m vs 24m)
● Ukulandelela okugcwele kusukela enombolweni yokushisa kwepuleti kuya epayipini eliqediwe (inombolo yokushisa egxivizwe epayipini ngalinye)
● Amapayipi e-X52 angaphezu kwamakhilomitha angu-3,000 ahlinzekwa emhlabeni wonke ngaphandle kokwehluleka nhlobo kokusebenza
Imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa:
U: Uyini umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-X52 PSL1 ne-PSL2 yepayipi le-LSAW?
A: I-PSL2 inemikhawulo eqinile yokwakheka kwamakhemikhali (i-C, P, S ephansi), ukuqina komthelela we-Charpy okuphoqelekile (ubuncane obungu-27J @ 0°C noma ngaphansi), imikhawulo yokuqina okuphezulu (90 HRB), futhi idinga i-NDT eqinile kakhulu (100% UT uma kuqhathaniswa ne-UT ye-spot ye-PSL1). Kumapayipi egesi anomfutho ophezulu, isevisi yolwandle, noma i-sour, i-PSL2 iyimpoqo. Kumapayipi amanzi noma uwoyela onomfutho ophansi, i-PSL1 iyamukeleka futhi iyonga kakhulu.
U: Ungakwazi yini ukunikeza i-X52 ukuhlolwa komthelela ophansi wokushisa kwamaphrojekthi e-Arctic?
A: Yebo. Sihlinzeka nge-X52 PSL2 ngokuhlolwa komthelela we-Charpy ku--46°C (ubuncane be-27J) kanye ne-DWTT ku--20°C (ubuncane be-85% yendawo yokusika). Sihlinzeke nge-arctic grade X52 kumaphrojekthi aseCanada naseRussia. Sicela ucacise izinga lokushisa elidingekayo kanye namandla lapho ubuza.
U: Bungakanani ubukhulu bodonga obuphezulu ongabukhiqiza nge-X52 LSAW?
A: Inqubo ye-JCOE max 50.8mm, inqubo ye-UOE max 40mm, ipuleti eligoqiwe elilodwa umthungo ofika ku-70mm, ipuleti eligoqiwe umthungo ophindwe kabili ofika ku-80mm. Ukuze kube nobukhulu bodonga obungaphezu kuka-50.8mm, i-PWHT iyimpoqo. Muva nje sinikeze iphrojekthi yokufaka amanzi enomfutho ophezulu i-X52 × 70mm WT e-Oman.
Q: Ulawula kanjani ubulukhuni besevisi ye-X52 sour?
A: Silawula ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali (i-CEV ≤ 0.40% yesevisi emuncu, engaphansi kuka-0.43%), silawula ukufakwa kokushisa ngesikhathi sokushisela i-SAW (≤ 3.0 kJ/mm), bese sisebenzisa i-PWHT ukuze ubukhulu bodonga bube ≥ 20mm. Ukuqina ngemva kwe-PWHT kuvame ukuba yi-78-85 HRB yensimbi eyisisekelo kanye ne-82-88 HRB ye-weld. Sinikeza amadokhumenti aphelele okudlula ubulukhuni.
U: Ingabe niyahlola amapayipi e-X52 LSAW ngaphandle kwenkampani yangaphandle?
A: Yebo. Sisebenza ne-SGS, i-BV, i-TÜV, i-DNV, i-ABS, kanye ne-LR. Ukuhlolwa kungenziwa efektri yethu ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza, kubonwe ngummeleli weklayenti noma yi-ejensi yangaphandle. Sikhipha izitifiketi ze-EN 10204 Type 3.2 uma siceliwe.
Q: Singakanani isikhathi esijwayelekile sokuhola ipayipi le-X52 LSAW?
A: Isikhathi esijwayelekile sokulethwa: izinsuku ezingama-30-45 ze-PSL1, izinsuku ezingama-45-60 ze-PSL2 ngokuhlolwa kwesevisi emuncu. Ama-oda asheshayo (izinsuku ezingama-20-30) kungenzeka ngamanani amancane (
U: Ungakwazi yini ukunikeza i-X52 i-3LPE coating kanye ne-concrete weight coating yamapayipi asogwini?
A: Yebo. Sihlinzeka nge-3LPE coating ngokwe-ISO 21809 (ubukhulu obuphelele obungu-2.5-3.5mm) futhi singahlanganisa i-concrete weight coating (ubukhulu obungu-40-120mm, ubuningi obungu-2,400-3,050 kg/m³) egcekeni lethu le-coating elibambisene nathi eTianjin. Sihlinzeke nge-X52 coating offshore kumaphrojekthi eVietnam, e-Indonesia, naseMpumalanga Ephakathi.
Inkomba Yephrojekthi – Ipayipi Lokuthumela Uwoyela Ongcolile EMpumalanga Afrika
Izwe:I-Uganda / iTanzania (Ipayipi Lamafutha Angcolile LaseMpumalanga Afrika – EACOP)
Okujwayelekile kanye Nezinga:I-API 5L X52 PSL2 (insizakalo emuncu, enokuhlolwa kwe-HIC kanye ne-SSC)
Ubukhulu kanye nobuningi:
● OD 610mm (24″) × WIT 12.7mm – 48,000 amamitha (cishe amathani angu-7,200) akhiqizwe ngenqubo ye-UOE
● OD 610mm (24″) × UBUNZIMA 15.9mm – 12,000 amamitha (cishe amathani angu-2,400) akhiqizwe ngenqubo ye-UOE (udonga olujiyile lokuwela imifula)
● OD 914mm (36″) × WIT 19.0mm – 8,500 metres (cishe amathani angu-3,400) ekhiqizwe yinqubo ye-JCOE yemigqa yokudlula esiteshini sokupompa
Isiyonke:Amamitha angu-68,500 (68.5 km), cishe amathani angu-13,000
Imininingwane:Isembozo sangaphandle se-3LPE (ubukhulu obuphelele obungu-3.0mm) ngokwe-ISO 21809, iziphetho ezibekiwe ezingama-30° / 1.6mm ubuso bempande, i-hydrotest ku-11.5 MPa (umfutho womklamo ongu-8.5 MPa). Umthelela we-Charpy ophoqelekile ku-0°C (ubuncane be-27J, kufinyelelwe ku-85-120J). I-HIC ngokwe-NACE TM0284 Isixazululo A, amahora angu-96 – ukwamukelwa: I-CLR ≤ 5%, i-CTR ≤ 1.5%, i-CSR ≤ 0.5%. I-SSC ngokwe-NACE TM0177 Indlela A, amahora angu-720 – akukho ukuqhekeka okuvunyelwe. I-PWHT ifakiwe kuwo wonke amapayipi ane-WT ≥ 15.9mm.
Isicelo:Ipayipi lokuthumela uwoyela ongahluziwe lisuka e-Uganda evaliwe (esifundeni saseHoima) liye echwebeni laseTanga eTanzania oLwandlekazi i-Indian. Ubude bepayipi bungu-1,443 km. I-Womic Steel inikeze amakhilomitha angu-68.5 ewonke, okuhlanganisa nezingxenye ezidlula ezindaweni zezilwane zasendle ezibucayi kanye nezindawo ezinkulu zokuwela imifula.
Izinselele Zobuchwepheshe Nezixazululo:
● Ukuthobela imithetho yesevisi emuncu kawoyela ongahluziwe one-H₂S– I-Ugandan crude iqukethe i-H₂S encibilikisiwe efinyelela ku-15 ppm kanye nokuqukethwe kwamanzi. Ukuhlolwa kwe-HIC okuqinile kanye ne-SSC kwakudingeka. I-Womic yenze ukuhlolwa kweziqu ezindaweni zokukhiqiza eziyi-15. Konke kuphumelele nge-CLR 0%, CTR 0%, CSR 0% ye-HIC. Ukuhlolwa kwe-SSC (NACE TM0177, 720h) akubonisanga ukuqhekeka kwendawo. Sifinyelele lokhu ngokugcina i-CEV ≤ 0.38% (ngaphansi kakhulu komkhawulo we-PSL2 ongu-0.43%) kanye nokusebenzisa i-PWHT kuwo wonke amapayipi angaphezu kuka-12.7mm WT, yize i-API 5L ingagunyazi i-PWHT ngaphansi kuka-25.4mm. Umhloli weklayenti (SGS) ubone konke ukuhlolwa.
● Imikhawulo yezemvelo yezindawo zasendle– Ipayipi lidlula ezindaweni ezimbili zezilwane ezigcinwe kazwelonke. Umonakalo wokumboza ngesikhathi sokufakwa kungaba nzima ukuwulungisa ngenxa yokufinyelela okulinganiselwe. I-Womic ifake ungqimba oluyinqaba lwe-polyethylene (olungaphezulu kwe-0.5mm phezu kwe-3LPE ejwayelekile) njengengubo evikela ukuklwebheka. Siphinde senza ukutholwa kwamaholide okungu-100% ku-7kV (okujwayelekile kungu-5kV) ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho maholide okumboza. Amandla okumboza ahlolwe ku-250 N/cm ku-25°C, 150 N/cm ku-70°C.
● Ukuwela imifula okudinga udonga olukhulu– Izindawo ezinhlanu ezinkulu zokuwela imifula (imifula yeNayile) zazidinga i-WT engu-15.9mm esikhundleni sika-12.7mm ukuze kube nokumelana okwengeziwe kokuwa kanye nemvume yokugoba ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwe-sagbend. Kula mapayipi odonga aqinile, sisebenzise inqubo ye-UOE ukuze kube nokuzungeza okungcono (±0.2% OD) ukuqinisekisa ukushisela okuthembekile kwensimu ezingxenyeni zokuwela. Ukuqina kwe-Oval kukalwe ku-0.15-0.18%, ngaphansi kakhulu komkhawulo ka-0.5%.
● Ukuthutha okuhamba ibanga elide ezweni– Amapayipi athunyelwa esuka eShanghai eya echwebeni laseDar es Salaam (eTanzania), abe esethuthwa ngamaloli amakhilomitha ayi-1,200 eya endaweni yokungena kwepayipi lase-Uganda. Izimo zemigwaqo entshonalanga yeTanzania zifaka phakathi izingxenye ezingagandayiwe. I-Womic yaklama uhlelo lokuthumela olukhethekile: ubude obuyi-12m kuphela (akukho zixhumanisi eziyi-18m zesigaba sase-Uganda) ukuze ilingane namaloli ajwayelekile ayisicaba. Ipayipi ngalinye laliboshwe ngazinye ngezinsika ezifakwe uthango. Sinikeze imidwebo yokulayisha kanye nokuqeqeshwa enkampanini yamaloli yendawo. Azikho izipayipi ezonakele ngesikhathi sokuthutha komhlaba okungamakhilomitha ayi-1,200.
● Imibhalo eqinile kanye nokulandeleka– Lo msebenzi wawudinga izitifiketi ze-EN 10204 Type 3.2 kuyo yonke inombolo yokushisa, enokulandelela okugcwele kusukela epuletini kuya epayipini eliqediwe. I-Womic yabela umlawuli wedokhumenti ozinikele owalandela wonke amapayipi angama-68.5 km. Ipayipi ngalinye lagxivizwa ngenombolo yokushisa, inombolo yepayipi, kanye nezixhumanisi ze-GPS zokukhiqiza. Ithimba le-QA leklayenti lihlole indawo yethu kabili ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza; kokubili ukuhlolwa kwadlula ngaphandle kokuhambisana nhlobo.
Umphumela:Ipayipi Lamafutha Angcolile laseMpumalanga Afrika (i-EACOP) lihlelelwe ukuqedwa ngomshini kwikota yesibili ka-2025. Amathani angu-13,000 amapayipi e-X52 PSL2 e-Womic Steel alethwe ezinyangeni ezingu-8 (ukuthunyelwa kokuqala ngo-Okthoba 2023, ukuthunyelwa kokugcina ngoMeyi 2024). Wonke amapayipi aphumelele ukuhlolwa yi-SGS Tanzania yi-third party. Iklayenti (iqembu lezinkampani zamafutha zomhlaba wonke) likhiphe incwadi yokuncoma ngokulawulwa kwekhwalithi ye-Womic kanye nokulethwa ngesikhathi. I-Womic manje ingumhlinzeki ofanelekile kusengaphambili wokwandiswa kwamapayipi esikhathini esizayo esifundeni.
Xhumana:
Iwebhusayithi: www.womicsteel.com
I-imeyili: sales@womicsteel.com
Ucingo / WhatsApp / WeChat:
UVictor: +86 15575100681
UJack: +86 18390957568
I-Womic Steel – Umlingani wakho othembekile wamapayipi e-API 5L X52 LSAW emigqa ye-trunk kawoyela negesi enomfutho ophezulu, isevisi emuncu, amapayipi e-arctic, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zasogwini emhlabeni jikelele.
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