1. Insimbi Yomdabu: Amakhono Okukhiqiza kanye Namandla Enkampani
I-Womic Steel Group ingumkhiqizi ohamba phambili kanye nomthengisi wangaphandle emhlabeni jikelele onolwazi olungaphezu kweminyaka engama-20 ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo ye-carbon, i-alloy, kanye ne-stainless steel tubular. Isikhungo sethu sokukhiqiza amapayipi e-SSAW esisezingeni eliphezulu sihlanganisa ikhono lokukhiqiza eliphelele elingaphezu kwamathani ayi-15,000 ngenyanga lamapayipi ensimbi ahlanganisiwe angaphansi komhlaba, akhonza amaphrojekthi asemanzini, ogwini lolwandle, kanye nesisekelo esijulile emhlabeni jikelele.
Ububanzi Bosayizi Bokukhiqiza Benqwaba Yepayipi Lensimbi ye-SSAW:Ububanzi bangaphandle busukela ku-508mm kuya ku-3,000mm (20 intshi kuya ku-120 intshi) yenqubo ye-SSAW. Ubukhulu bodonga busukela ku-6.0mm kuya ku-25.4mm. Ubude obubodwa busukela ku-6m kuya ku-18m ejwayelekile, kanye nobude obungokwezifiso obufika ku-60m obutholakala kumaphrojekthi esisekelo esijulile.
Izitifiketi Zekhwalithi Nokuhambisana Nemithetho:
Isitifiketi se-ISO 9001:2015:Uhlelo Lokuphathwa Kwekhwalithi lokufaka izinqubo zokukhiqizwa kwamapayipi kanye nokulawula ikhwalithi, ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo eqhubekayo kanye nokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kuyo yonke imisebenzi yokukhiqiza.
Ilayisensi ye-Monogram ye-API 5L / API 2B:I-Womic Steel inelayisensi ye-API 5L yokukhiqiza i-Line Pipe kanye nelayisensi ye-API 2B ye-Structural Steel Pipe yezicelo zasolwandle. I-API Monogram imelela ukuzibophezela kwethu ezindinganisweni eziphakeme kakhulu zemboni yamapayipi okufaka izintambo olwandle. Ukuhlolwa kwe-API okuvamile kuqinisekisa ukuhambisana okuqhubekayo nezidingo zemininingwane.
Ukumaka kwe-CE (PED 2014/68/EU):Amapayipi ethu okufaka izintambo ahambisana ne-European Pressure Equipment Directive (PED) 2014/68/EU. Ukumakwa kwe-CE kuyatholakala uma kuceliwe ukuze kube lula ukusulwa kwentela okushelelayo kanye nokwamukelwa kwephrojekthi ngaphakathi kwe-European Economic Area (EEA). Isimemezelo Sokusebenza (DoP) sinikezwe imikhiqizo ejwayelekile ye-EN.
Isitifiketi se-EN 10204 3.2:Ngaphezu kwezitifiketi zokuhlolwa ze-Mill ezijwayelekile ezingu-2.2 no-3.1, sihlinzeka ngemikhiqizo enesitifiketi sokuhlola esingu-3.2, esiqinisekiswe yizinhlangano zangaphandle ezigunyazwe yi-EU (TÜV, LR, BV, SGS) zamaphrojekthi abalulekile asemanzini kanye nesisekelo adinga ukulandelelwa okugcwele kwezinto kanye nokuqinisekiswa okuzimele.
Ukuvunyelwa Kokuhlolwa Kweqembu Lesithathu (TPI):Imikhiqizo yethu kanye nezinqubo zokukhiqiza ziyavunywa futhi zihlolwe yizikhungo ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe kanye nezinhlangano zokuHlela okuhlanganisa i-SGS, i-BV, i-ABS, i-LR, i-DNV, i-GL, kanye ne-TÜV. Lokhu kuvunyelwa kubonisa ikhono lethu lokuhlinzeka ngamapayipi okufaka izintambo kumaphrojekthi olwandle nasogwini alawulwa umphakathi.
Izitifiketi ezengeziwe ezitholakalayo:
I-ISO 14001:2015(Uhlelo Lokuphathwa Kwemvelo) -- Sizibophezele emikhubeni yokukhiqiza esimeme
I-ISO 45001:2018(Uhlelo Lokuphathwa Kwezempilo Nokuphepha Emsebenzini) -- Ukuqinisekisa indawo yokusebenza ephephile
I-FPC (Ukulawulwa Kokukhiqiza Kwefektri)ngokwe-EN 10248 / EN 10219 -- Ukuziqinisekisa kokuhambisana nokumakwa kwe-CE
I-NORSOK M-650(Indinganiso yaseNorway yezinto zensimbi) -- Iyatholakala kumaphrojekthi aseNorth Sea asogwini lolwandle
Ukuqashelwa Komhlaba Wonke:I-Womic Steel ingumhlinzeki othembekile kubakhi be-EPC bomhlaba wonke, iziphathimandla zamachweba, izinkampani zobunjiniyela basolwandle, kanye nabakhi besisekelo, ikhonza amazwe angaphezu kuka-80 kulo lonke elaseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, eYurophu, eMpumalanga Ephakathi, e-Afrika naseMelika.
2. I-ASTM A252 GR.3: Ukwakheka Kwezinto Nezimpawu Zokusebenza
I-ASTM A252 GR.3yincazelo ejwayelekile yaseMelika yamapayipi ensimbi ahlanganisiwe futhi angenamthungo. Igama elithi "GR.3" libonisa iBanga lesi-3, elinesidingo samandla esiphezulu phakathi kwamazinga amathathu e-ASTM A252 (GR.1, GR.2, GR.3). IBanga lesi-3 linikeza amandla okukhiqiza okungenani angu-345 MPa (50,000 psi), okwenza kube ukukhetha okuthandwayo kwesisekelo esijulile, ukufakwa kwamapulangwe olwandle, kanye nezicelo zokuthwala imithwalo esindayo lapho kudingeka khona ubuqotho besakhiwo obuphezulu.
I-ASTM A252 GR.3 yenzelwe ngqo ukusetshenziswa kokugoqa, inikeza ukushibilika okuhle kakhulu kokuhlanganisa insimu, ukuqina okuhle kokushisa okuphansi ezindaweni zasolwandle, kanye nokuguquguquka okwanele ukumelana nokucindezeleka kokushayela ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwenqwaba. Uma kuqhathaniswa namazinga ajwayelekile esakhiwo njenge-A36, leli banga lokugoqa linikeza amandla aphezulu kakhulu okuthwala umthwalo, okuvumela ukujula okujulile kokushayela kanye nobuningi bezinqwaba obuncishisiwe.
Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali (Ukuhlaziywa Kwezindebe, % ngobuningi):
| Isici | I-ASTM A252 GR.3 (Ubuningi %) |
| C | 0.26 |
| Mn | 1.35 |
| P | 0.040 |
| S | 0.050 |
| Si | --- |
| Cu | --- |
Qaphela: I-ASTM A252 GR.3 yenzelwe ukusetshenziswa kokunqwabelanisa nge-ductility enhle ukuze imelane nokucindezeleka kokushayela ngaphandle kokuqhekeka. I-carbon equivalent (CEV) ivame ukulawulwa ukuqinisekisa ukushintshwa okuhle kwensimu ukuze kuhlanganiswe inqwaba.
Izakhiwo Zomshini (Izinga Lokushisa Legumbi):
| Impahla | I-ASTM A252 GR.3 |
| Amandla Okukhiqiza (iminithi) | I-345 MPa (50,000 psi) |
| Amandla Okudonsa (iminithi) | I-455 MPa (66,000 psi) |
| Ukwelulwa (iminithi) | 20% (ngegeyiji engu-50mm) |
| Ukuqina Komthelela | Akucacisiwe (ongakukhetha) |
*Qaphela: Ngezicelo zasolwandle ezidinga ukuqina komthelela okushisa okuphansi, ukuhlolwa komthelela okwengeziwe kungachazwa njengemfuneko yokuzikhethela. Ukuhlolwa komthelela ku-0°C, -20°C, noma -40°C kuyatholakala uma kuceliwe.*
Ukuqhathaniswa kwamabanga e-ASTM A252 Piling Pipe:
| Ibanga | Amandla Okukhiqiza (i-MPa) | Amandla Okudonsa (i-MPa) | Isicelo Esijwayelekile |
| GR.1 | 205 | 345 | Isisekelo esilula, ukunqwabelana okungajulile |
| GR.2 | 240 | 415 | Umthwalo omaphakathi, isisekelo sokwakha |
| GR.3 | 345 | 455 | Umthwalo osindayo, olwandle, isisekelo esijulile |
Qaphela: Kumaphrojekthi asemanzini adinga kakhulu ukucindezeleka okukhulu kokushayela kanye nokungena okujulile, i-ASTM A252 GR.3 iyizinga elinconywayo.
3. Ukuhambisana Nobubanzi Nokulinganisa Kwezindinganiso
I-Womic Steel inikeza amapayipi ensimbi e-ASTM A252 GR.3 SSAW kuwo wonke ububanzi, ihambisana ngokugcwele ne-ASTM A252 kanye namazinga ahlobene nawo omhlaba. Inqubo ye-SSAW (Spiral Submerged Arc Welded) ilungele ukusetshenziswa kokufaka amapayipi ngobukhulu obukhulu.
| Into | Imininingwane |
| Okujwayelekile | I-ASTM A252 (GR.1, GR.2, GR.3) |
| Inqubo Yokukhiqiza | I-SSAW (I-Spiral Submerged Arc Welded) - 508mm-3,000mm OD |
| Ububanzi Bobubanzi Bangaphandle | 508mm – 3,000mm (20" – 120") |
| Ububanzi Bokujiya Kodonga | 6.0mm – 25.4mm |
| Ibanga Lobude | Okujwayelekile: 6m, 12m, 18m / Ngokwezifiso: kufika ku-60m |
| Ukuqeda Ukuqeda | I-Plain End (PE) / Beveled End (BE) enezindandatho zensimbi zomhlatshelo ozikhethela zona |
| Ukuqedwa Komphezulu | Okungenalutho / Okugcotshwe ngamafutha / Okumnyama Okumboziwe / 3PE / FBE / Coal Tar Epoxy |
| Ukubekezelelana | I-OD: ±1.0% / WIT: -0% +15% (ASTM) / Ubude: +50mm -0mm |
4. Ubukhulu Nemininingwane Etholakalayo - Inqwaba Yepayipi Lensimbi ye-ASTM A252 GR.3 SSAW
Ipayipi Lokufaka Inqwaba le-SSAW (508mm – 3,000mm OD)
| I-OD (mm) | Izinketho Zobukhulu Bodonga (mm) | Isisindo (kg/m) | Ubude Obujwayelekile |
| 508 – 610 | 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 74.3 – 360.5 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 610 – 762 | 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 89.4 – 454.3 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 762 – 914 | 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 111.9 – 548.2 | 6m / 12m / 18m / 24m |
| 914 – 1,067 | 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 178.7 – 642.4 | 6m / 12m / 18m / 24m |
| 1,067 – 1,220 | 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 209.0 – 736.5 | 6m / 12m / 18m / 24m |
| 1,220 – 1,422 | 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 298.4 – 859.8 | 6m / 12m / 18m / 24m |
| 1,422 – 1,625 | 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 348.2 – 986.5 | 6m / 12m / 18m / 24m |
| 1,625 – 2,000 | 12.0, 14.0, 16.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 477.1 – 1,217.4 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 2,000 – 2,500 | 12.0, 14.0, 16.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 588.5 – 1,527.2 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 2,500 – 3,000 | 12.0, 14.0, 16.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 736.5 – 1,841.7 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
Qaphela: Ubukhulu obungokwezifiso ngaphandle kwalezi zigaba buyatholakala uma uceliwe. Ububanzi obukhulu (kufika ku-3,500mm / 138") buyatholakala kumaphrojekthi akhethekile.
5. Ipayipi Elivamile Lokugoqa, Izindinganiso Zasolwandle Nezisekelo Ezikhiqizwe yiWomic Steel
| Okujwayelekile | Amabanga Ensimbi | Isicelo Esijwayelekile |
| Izindinganiso Zokugoqa ze-ASTM | ||
| I-ASTM A252 | GR.1, GR.2, GR.3 | Izinqwaba zamapayipi ensimbi zesisekelo esijulile, ukuhlanganiswa kwezindonga zasolwandle |
| I-ASTM A500 | GR.A, GR.B, GR.C | Amashubhu ayindilinga/ayisikwele esakhiwo okuhlanganisa nokuqinisa |
| I-ASTM A501 | GR.A, GR.B | Amapayipi esakhiwo akhiwe ngokushisa okuhlanganisa inqwaba |
| I-ASTM A690 | Ibanga Lomkhumbi | Ukufakwa kwensimbi engagqwali emanzini olwandle |
| I-ASTM A572 | GR.42, GR.50, GR.60, GR.65 | Ukufakwa kwesakhiwo okunamandla aphezulu okune-alloy ephansi |
| I-ASTM A588 | GR.A, GR.B, GR.C | Ukufakwa kwensimbi eguquguqukayo, isisekelo sebhuloho |
| Amazinga Okulinganisa e-EN | ||
| I-EN 10248 | I-S235GP, S275GP, S355GP | Ukufakwa kweshidi lensimbi eligoqwe ngokushisa kanye nokufakwa kwepayipi |
| I-EN 10219 | I-S235JRH, S275JRH, S355JRH, S355J2H | Izingxenye ezingenalutho ezakhiwe nge-welded ezakhiwe ngokubandayo zokufaka inqwaba |
| I-EN 10025 | I-S235JR, S275JR, S355JR, S355J2 | Insimbi yesakhiwo esongiwe eshisayo yokufakwa kwenqwaba kanye nokusetshenziswa olwandle |
| Amazinga e-API | ||
| I-API 5L | GR.B, X42, X52, X65, X70 | Ipayipi lomugqa elisetshenziswa njengokufaka inqwaba (elivame kakhulu ogwini lolwandle) |
| I-API 2B | GR.42, GR.50, GR.60 | Ukufakwa kwamapayipi ensimbi okwakhiwayo olwandle |
| Izindinganiso ze-JIS | ||
| I-JIS A5525 | SKK400, SKK490, SKK540 | Izinqwaba zamapayipi ensimbi zezakhiwo zechweba kanye nezasolwandle |
| I-JIS G3444 | STK290, STK400, STK490, STK540 | Amashubhu ensimbi yekhabhoni okufaka inqwaba yesakhiwo |
Ukusetshenziswa:Ukufakwa kwesisekelo esijulile, ukufakwa kwezindonga zasolwandle, isisekelo sepulatifomu yolwandle, ukwakhiwa kwechweba kanye nedokodo, isisekelo sebhuloho, ukuvikelwa kogu, i-blockwater, uhlelo lwe-fender, inqwaba yejakethi, ukwakhiwa kwechweba kanye nedokodo, ukulungiswa komhlaba, ukuqeqeshwa komfula, ubunjiniyela bemihubhe, ukwakhiwa kwechweba lamanzi ajulile, isisekelo sokulungiswa kokuzamazama komhlaba, izindonga zokugcina, ama-cofferdams, izisekelo ze-caisson, izisekelo ze-turbine yomoya yolwandle
6. Inqubo Yokukhiqiza - Inqwaba Yepayipi Lensimbi ye-SSAW (Spiral Submerged Arc Welded)
Inqubo Yokukhiqiza ye-SSAW Yepayipi Lokufaka Amapayipi (508mm – 3,000mm OD):
Ukuhlolwa Kwezinto Ezingavuthiwe (Ikhoyili):Amakhoyili ensimbi angena ashiswayo aqinisekisiwe ngokwakheka kwamakhemikhali, izakhiwo zemishini, kanye nekhwalithi yobuso ngokumelene ne-ASTM A252 noma imininingwane yamakhasimende. Ikhoyili ngayinye inikezwa inombolo yokushisa ehlukile ukuqinisekisa ukulandeleka okugcwele kwezinto kulo lonke ukukhiqizwa.
Ukuvula Nokulinganisa:Amakhoyili ensimbi afakwa ku-uncoiler bese efakwa ngomshini wokulinganisa ngokunembile ukuze kuthambe umcu, kususwe isethi yekhoyili futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi i-flat iyafana ukuze kwakheke i-spiral ngendlela efanayo.
Ukusikwa Nokunqunywa Kwemiphetho:Zombili izinqe ezinde zomucu wensimbi ziyagaywa futhi zilungiswe ukuze zikwazi ukubekezelela ububanzi obuqondile (± 0.5mm). Ukulungiswa komphetho kudala indawo ehlanzekile, ehambisanayo ebalulekile ekwakhekeni kwe-spiral weld esezingeni eliphezulu.
Ukwakheka Okujikelezayo:Umcu olinganisiwe ufakwa emshinini wokwakha i-spiral nge-engeli ye-helix elawulwayo. Umcu uqhubeka wakhiwa ube yisimo se-spiral cylindrical, kanye nemiphetho eqondiswe ukushisela. I-engeli ye-helix ingalungiseka ukuze kufezwe ububanzi obuhlukene obuvela kububanzi be-coil obufanayo.
Ukushisela kwe-Arc Okucwiliswe Ngaphakathi (i-SAW):Umthungo wangaphakathi ojikelezayo uhlanganiswa kuqala kusetshenziswa imishini yokushisela ye-arc engaphansi kwamanzi ezenzakalelayo enenhlanganisela efanele ye-flux nentambo. Ikhanda lokushisela libekwe ngaphakathi kwepayipi ukuqinisekisa ukungena okufanele.
Ukushisela kwe-Arc Okucwiliswe Ngaphandle (i-SAW):Umthungo wangaphandle ojikelezayo uhlanganiswa ngokushesha ngemva kokushintshwa kwangaphakathi, kusetshenziswa imishini yokushintshwa kwe-arc engaphansi komhlaba ezenzakalelayo. Umthungo wangaphandle uqeda ukushintshwa okugcwele futhi unikeza amandla engeziwe.
Ukusika Kuze Kube Bude:Ipayipi elihlanganisiwe elijikelezayo eliqhubekayo lisikwa libe nobude obucacisiwe kusetshenziswa izinhlelo zokusika ze-plasma noma ze-oxygen ezizenzakalelayo ngokulawula ubude obunembile (+50mm -0mm ukuze kuchazwe imininingwane yokufaka inqwaba).
Ukuhlolwa Okungonakalisi (NDT):
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasonic okungu-100% (UT):Uhlelo lwe-UT oluzenzakalelayo luhlola wonke umthungo wokushisela ojikelezayo kanye nomzimba wepayipi eligcwele ukuze kutholakale ukuthi kukhona yini ama-lamination, izinto ezifakiwe, ukuntuleka kokuhlanganiswa, kanye nokunye ukungaqhubeki.
Ukuhlolwa Kwe-X-ray (RT):Ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray noma i-gamma-ray yomthungo wokushisela (indawo noma ubude obugcwele njengoba kuchaziwe) ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokushisela kanye nokungena.
Ukuhlolwa Kwezinhlayiya ZikaMagnetic (MPI):Ukuhlolwa kwezinzwane ezishisiwe kanye nendawo ethintekile ekushiseni ukuze kubhekwe imifantu kanye nokungaqhubeki kobuso.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Hydrostatic (Ongakukhetha):Kutholakala uma kucelwa ikhasimende ngezicelo ezibalulekile zokufaka amaqoqo ezidinga ukuqinisekiswa kobuqotho bengcindezi.
Ukuqeda Ukuqeda:Iziphetho ezingenalutho (ezisikwele) noma iziphetho ezigobile (i-angle ye-bevel engu-30°-35°) ngokwezidingo zekhasimende. Izindandatho zensimbi zomhlatshelo zingashintshwa zibe yiziphetho zamapayipi ukuze kuvikelwe okwengeziwe ngesikhathi sokushayela inqwaba.
Ukuhlolwa Kokugcina Nokumaka:Ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo kokukhubazeka kobuso, ukuqinisekiswa kobukhulu (OD, WT, ubude, ukuqondile, ukuzungeza), kanye nokumaka okuhlala njalo ngokwe-ASTM A252 (kufaka phakathi ibanga, usayizi, inombolo yokushisa, ukuhlonza umenzi).
Izinzuzo zeNqubo ye-SSAW yePipe Yokufaka Amapayipi:
1. Amandla okukhiqiza ububanzi obukhulu kakhulu (kufika ku-3,000mm+) kusuka kumakhoyili obubanzi obujwayelekile
2. Inqubo yokukhiqiza eqhubekayo yokusebenza kahle kakhulu
3. Isebenza kahle ekusetshenzisweni kokufaka inqwaba yobubanzi obukhulu
4. Ukuqina okuhle kobukhulu kanye nokuzungeza kokushayela
7. Izinqubo Zokulawula Ikhwalithi Nokuhlola Ipayipi Lokufaka I-SSAW
| Isiteji | Indlela Yokuhlola | Inhloso |
| Izinto Zokusetshenziswa (Ikhoyili) | Ukuhlaziywa Kwamakhemikhali (i-OES Spectrometer) | Qinisekisa ukuhambisana nemikhawulo yokwakheka kwe-ASTM A252 |
| Izinto Zokusetshenziswa (Ikhoyili) | Ukuhlolwa Kokunamathela | Qinisekisa amandla okukhiqiza, amandla okudonsa, ukunwebeka |
| Izinto Zokusetshenziswa (Ikhoyili) | Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasonic | Thola ama-lamination angaphakathi kanye namaphutha |
| Kusenqubo | Ukuhlolwa Kobukhulu (Ama-Micrometer) | I-Monitor OD, WT ngesikhathi sokwakheka kwe-spiral |
| Kusenqubo | Ukuhlolwa Kokulungiselela Umphetho | Qinisekisa isimo somphetho kanye nokuqondanisa |
| Indawo Yokushisela | Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasonic (UT) - Ku-inthanethi | Thola ukungaqhubeki kokushisela, ukuntuleka kokuhlanganiswa |
| Indawo Yokushisela | Ukuhlolwa Kwe-Radiographic (RT) | Qinisekisa ukungena kwe-weld, i-porosity, ukufakwa kwe-slag |
| Indawo Yokushisela | Ukuhlolwa Kwezinhlayiya ZikaMagnetic (MPI) | Ukutholwa kokuqhekeka komphezulu (ukushintshwa kanye ne-HAZ) |
| Ipayipi Eliqediwe | Ukuhlolwa Kobukhulu | Qinisekisa i-OD, i-WT, ubude, ukuqondile, ukuzungeza |
| Ipayipi Eliqediwe | Ukuhlolwa kwe-Hydrostatic (Ongakukhetha) | Qinisekisa ubuqotho bengcindezi yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile |
| Ipayipi Eliqediwe | Ukuhlolwa Kokugoba Okuqondiswayo | Qinisekisa ukuqina nokuzwakala kwe-weld |
| Ipayipi Eliqediwe | Ukuhlolwa Kokuthamba | Qinisekisa ukuqina kanye nomsindo womzimba wepayipi |
| Ipayipi Eliqediwe | Ukuhlolwa Komthelela we-Charpy V-Notch (Ongakukhetha) | Qinisekisa ukuqina kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi lokusetshenziswa olwandle |
| Ipayipi Eliqediwe | Ukuhlolwa Kokuqina (Ongakukhetha) | Qinisekisa ubulukhuni obukhulu bokushisela |
| Ipayipi Eliqediwe | Ukuhlolwa Okubonakalayo Nokuphezulu | Hlola amaphutha ebusweni, ama-lamination, imifantu |
| Ipayipi Eliqediwe | Ukuqinisekiswa Kokumaka | Qinisekisa ukuthi uphawu oluhlala njalo ngokwezinga elijwayelekile |
Ukuhlolwa Ongakukhetha Kwezicelo Ezibalulekile Zasolwandle Nasogwini:
● Ukuhlolwa kwe-CTOD (Ukususwa Kwe-Crack Tip Opening Displacement) kokuqina kokuqhekeka
● Ukuhlolwa kwe-HIC (Hydrogen Induced Cracking) ngokwe-NACE TM0284
● Ukuhlolwa kwe-SSC (Sulfide Stress Cracking) ngokwe-NACE TM0177
● Ukuhlolwa Komthelela Okushisa Okuphansi ku--20°C, -40°C, noma -60°C
● Ukuhlolwa Kokuqina (HV10 noma HRC) ukuze kutholakale izimfanelo zesevisi emuncu
Imibhalo Esezingeni:
● Isitifiketi Sokuhlolwa Komshini ngokwe-EN 10204 Uhlobo 2.2, 3.1, noma 3.2
● Umbiko Wokuhlolwa Kwe-Ultrasonic (ukushintshwa kanye nomzimba)
● Umbiko Wokuhlolwa Kwe-Radiographic (uma kuchaziwe)
● Umbiko Wokuhlola Obukhulu
● Ukulandelela kusuka enombolweni yokushisa kuya epayipini eliqediwe
8. Izicelo Eziyinhloko - Inqwaba Yepayipi Lensimbi ye-ASTM A252 GR.3 SSAW
Izinqwaba zamapayipi ensimbi e-ASTM A252 GR.3 SSAW ziyizingxenye ezibalulekile ezisekelweni ezijulile, ukwakhiwa kolwandle, kanye namaphrojekthi obunjiniyela bezokwakha aqinile:
Ukufakwa Kwesisekelo Esijulile:Izinqwaba ezithwala umthwalo zezakhiwo eziphakeme, amabhuloho, izikhungo zezimboni, kanye nezakhiwo ezisindayo ezidinga ukwesekwa okujulile kwesisekelo. Amandla aphezulu e-GR.3 avumela ukujula okujulile kokushayela kanye nomthamo womthwalo ophezulu.
Isisekelo Seplatifomu Yasolwandle kanye Neyasogwini:Izinqwaba zesisekelo zamapulatifomu kawoyela negesi asogwini lolwandle, imishini yokubhoboza, amapulatifomu okukhiqiza, kanye nezisekelo ze-turbine yomoya olwandle. Ukufakwa kwezinqwaba zasolwandle kumele kumelane nesenzo samagagasi, amandla amanje, kanye nendawo egqwalisayo yamanzi olwandle.
Ukwakhiwa Kwechweba, Idoko kanye Nechweba:Ukufakwa kwezindawo zokugcina izitsha, izindawo zokuthutha imithwalo emikhulu, izindawo zokugcina abagibeli, izindawo ze-Ro-Ro, kanye nezindawo zokupaka imithwalo ezijwayelekile. Izinqwaba zinikeza ukwesekwa kwesakhiwo sezakhiwo zamadekhi, amahlengethwa okubophela, kanye namahlengethwa okuncelisa.
Isisekelo seBridge kanye nePier:Izinqwaba zesisekelo ezijulile zezinsika zamabhuloho, izisekelo zokuvikela, kanye nezisekelo zemibhoshongo zamabhuloho amiswe ngekhebula kanye namabhuloho alengayo. Izinqwaba zidlulisela imithwalo yesakhiwo ezinhlotsheni ezifanele zokuthwala.
Ukuvikelwa Kwasogwini Nodonga Lwasolwandle:Ukufakwa kwezakhiwo zodonga lolwandle, izindonga zogu, ukuvikelwa kogu, kanye nokulawulwa kokuguguleka komhlabathi. Izinqwaba zamapayipi ensimbi zinikeza ukwesekwa okuqinile kwesakhiwo samayunithi ezikhali kanye nezakhiwo zezivalo zekhonkrithi.
Ukwakhiwa kwe-Breakwater kanye ne-Jetty:Ukufaka inqwaba yezisekelo zamanzi avimbayo ezindundumeni zamatshe, izisekelo zamanzi odonga eziqondile, ama-jetties, kanye nama-groynes. Izisekelo zihlinzeka ngokuqina kwesisekelo sezakhiwo eziqeda amagagasi.
Ukusekelwa Kwesistimu Yesifende:Izinqwaba zokusekela izinhlelo ze-marine fender ebusweni be-dock kanye nezakhiwo ze-berthing. Izinqwaba zimunca amandla e-berthing futhi zivikele umkhumbi kanye nesakhiwo ngesikhathi sokubophela.
Inqwaba Yejakhethi Yeplatifomu Kawoyela Negesi:Ukufaka inqwaba yezakhiwo zejakethi ezisekela amapulatifomu okukhiqiza uwoyela negesi. Izinqwaba ezinkulu, ezinobubanzi obukhulu, zidonswa emilenzeni yejakethi bese zifakwa endaweni yazo.
Ukubuyiselwa Komhlaba Nokubuyiselwa Kodonga Lolwandle:Ukufakwa kwenqwaba yezakhiwo zokulawula indawo yokuvuselela, izindonga zolwandle ezizungezile, kanye nezindonga zokuvuselela. Izinqwaba zinikeza ubuqotho besakhiwo samaphrojekthi okwandisa umhlaba.
Ukuqeqeshwa Komfula Nokulawulwa Kwezikhukhula:Ukufaka inqwaba yokuvikela osebeni lomfula, ukuqondisa usebe, izimbobo, kanye nezakhiwo zokulawula izikhukhula. Izinqwaba zamapayipi ensimbi ziqinisa usebe lomfula futhi zivikele ekukhucululweni nasekugugulekeni komhlaba.
Ubunjiniyela Bemihubhe Nokusika Nokumboza:Ukufaka inqwaba yezisekelo zemihubhe esikiwe nesimboziwe, izindonga zezinqwaba eziyimfihlo, kanye nezakhiwo zokusekela isango lemihubhe. Izinqwaba zinikeza ukwesekwa okuqondile nokwehlangothini kwezakhiwo ezingaphansi komhlaba.
Isisekelo Sokuvuselela Ukuzamazama Komhlaba:Ukufakwa kwenqwaba yokulungiswa kokuzamazama komhlaba kwezakhiwo ezikhona, okuhlanganisa izisekelo zamabhuloho, izisekelo zokwakha, kanye nezakhiwo zechweba ezidinga ukumelana nokuzamazama komhlaba okuthuthukisiwe.
9. Ukupakisha Nokuthumela - Inqwaba Yepayipi Lensimbi ye-ASTM A252 GR.3 SSAW
Izinqwaba zamapayipi ensimbi e-ASTM A252 GR.3 SSAW ziyapakishwa futhi zithunyelwa ngokucophelela okukhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuvikeleka kwazo ngesikhathi sokuhamba. Nansi incazelo yenqubo yokupakisha nokuthumela amapayipi amakhulu okufaka i-SSAW:
Ukupakisha:
Isivikelo Esivikelayo:Ngaphambi kokupakisha, amapayipi angambozwa ngesendlalelo esincane samafutha alwa nokugqwala noma i-varnish evikelayo ukuvimbela ukugqwala komhlaba kanye nokubola ngesikhathi sokugcina nokuthutha. Ukuphela okungenalutho nakho kuyatholakala ukuze kufakwe ukugqokwa ngokushesha lapho uya khona noma ezindaweni zasolwandle lapho kuchazwe khona imvume yokugqwala.
Ukuhlanganisa (Ububanzi obuncane):Kumapayipi amancane anobubanzi (ngokuvamile angaphansi kuka-610mm / 24"), amapayipi ahlanganiswa ndawonye ngamaqoqo ayisithupha noma angunxande. Aqiniswa kusetshenziswa amabhande ensimbi (ngokuvamile amabhande angu-3-5 ngeqoqo ngalinye elinama-corner guard avikelayo) ukuvimbela ukunyakaza ngaphakathi kweqoqo.
Ukufakwa Ngakunye (Ububanzi Obukhulu):Kumapayipi amakhulu anobubanzi (ngaphezu kuka-610mm / 24"), amapayipi avame ukuphathwa futhi athunyelwe ngamanye ngenxa yesisindo kanye nemingcele yobukhulu. Indwangu yokhuni noma irabha ebekwe phakathi kwezingqimba zamapayipi ivimbela ukuguguleka kanye nomonakalo wokumboza.
Ama-Caps Okugcina:Izivalo zokugcina zepulasitiki noma zensimbi zifakwa kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zepayipi ngalinye ukuvikela izinhlangothi ezigobile, izinhlangothi ezingenalutho ekulimaleni kokushaywa, ukungena kwemfucuza kanye nomswakama.
Izindandatho Zensimbi Zomhlatshelo (Ongakukhetha):Ukuze kufakwe amapayipi adinga ukuvikelwa okuthuthukisiwe ekugcineni ngesikhathi sokushayela inqwaba, izindandatho zensimbi ezingafuneki (ngokuvamile ububanzi obungu-50-100mm, ubukhulu obungu-6-12mm) zixhunyelelwa ekugcineni kokushayela kwepayipi ngalinye. Lezi zindandatho zimunca ukushayisana kwesando sokushayela futhi zivikele ukuphela kwepayipi ekuguqukeni.
Ukupheda kanye Nokugudla:Kuma-oda okuthumela ngaphandle asezingeni eliphezulu, izinto zokunamathisela ezifana nezindandatho ze-foam, imichilo yerabha, noma i-dunnage yokhuni kusetshenziswa phakathi kwezingqimba zamapayipi ukuvimbela ukuguguleka, umonakalo wokumboza, kanye nomonakalo womthelela ngesikhathi sokuphathwa nokuthuthwa.
Amaphuzu Okuphakamisa:Ama-lug okuphakamisa noma izindawo zokuphakamisa ezikhethiwe zingafakwa emapayipini asindayo (ngaphezu kuka-2,000 kg ngepayipi ngalinye) ukuze kube lula ukuthulula impahla ngokuphephile endaweni oya kuyo kusetshenziswa i-crane noma i-forklift.
Ukuthunyelwa:
Indlela Yokuhamba:Amapayipi athunyelwa ngemikhumbi yezitsha (izitsha ezingama-20ft noma ezingama-40ft zobubanzi obuncane), izithwali ezinkulu (ukusika inqwaba yobubanzi obukhulu kanye nobuningi obukhulu), noma imithwalo yesitimela, kuye ngokuthi uya kuphi, ivolumu ye-oda, kanye nokuphuthuma kokulethwa. Imikhumbi yemithwalo yephrojekthi ingasetshenziswa kumapayipi amakhulu kakhulu noma amade kakhulu.
Ukufakwa Kweziqukathi (Ububanzi Obuncane):Kumapayipi amancane anobubanzi (ngokuvamile angaphansi kuka-508mm / 20"), amapayipi afakwa ezitsheni zokuthumela ezijwayelekile ezingamafidi angu-20 noma angu-40 ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kuthuthwa ngendlela ephephile nehlelekile. Ukulayisha izitsha kuvikela imithwalo ezimweni zezulu, umswakama, kanye nokungcola kwangaphandle. Umthwalo omkhulu wezitsha ngokuvamile ungamathani angu-20-25 ngesitsha esingafidi angu-20.
Ukulayisha Imikhumbi Emikhulu (Ububanzi Obukhulu kanye Nomthamo Omkhulu):Kuma-oda amakhulu (ngokuvamile angaphezu kwamathani angu-500) noma amapayipi amakhulu ububanzi (ngaphezu kuka-508mm / 20"), amapayipi alayishwa ngqo ezithwalini ezinkulu noma emikhunjini yegiya. Imishayo yokuphakamisa kanye nemigoqo yokusakaza ivimbela umonakalo ngesikhathi sokulayisha. Ukufaka imfucuza, ukuboshwa, kanye nokubopha amaketanga kusetshenziswa ukuvimbela ukuhanjiswa kwempahla ngesikhathi sokuhamba olwandle. Le ndlela ingabizi kakhulu kumaphrojekthi okufaka inqwaba yasolwandle.
Izitsha Ezisicaba Noma Ezivulekile Eziphezulu (Eziphakeme Kakhulu/Ezinde Kakhulu):Kumapayipi adlula ubukhulu obujwayelekile besitsha (ubude >12m noma ububanzi >2.3m), izitsha ze-rack ezisicaba noma izitsha eziphezulu ezivulekile zingasetshenziswa ukuze kuphulwe inani elikhulu. Lezi zitsha ezikhethekile zivumela ukuthuthwa okuphephile kwemithwalo emikhulu.
Ukulebula kanye Nemibhalo:Inqwaba ngayinye noma ipayipi ngalinye libhalwe ngokucacile ngolwazi olubalulekile oluhlanganisa ibanga lezinto, izinga elijwayelekile, ubukhulu, inombolo yokushisa, inombolo yenqwaba/ipayipi, kanye nemiyalelo yokuphatha. Amadokhumenti aphelele okuthumela alungiselelwe ukusulwa kwempahla kanye nokulandelwa kwemithwalo.
Ukuthobela Imithetho Yezintela:Uma kuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, yonke imibhalo yentela edingekayo --- kufaka phakathi i-invoyisi yezentengiselwano, uhlu lokupakisha, i-bill of lading, isitifiketi semvelaphi (uma sidingeka), izitifiketi zokuhlolwa kwemishini, kanye nanoma yiziphi izimvume zokungenisa ezidingekayo --- zilungiselelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zitholakala kalula echwebeni lokuya kulo.
Ukubopha Okuphephile:Ngaphakathi kwemoto yokuthutha noma isitsha, izinqwaba namapayipi ngamanye aboshwe futhi aqiniswe kahle kusetshenziswa izintambo zensimbi (ezinezivikelo zasekhoneni), izikhwama zomquba, izinsimbi zokhuni, noma izintambo zokubopha ukuvimbela ukugudluka, ukugingqika, noma ukunyakaza okungadala umonakalo ngesikhathi sokuthutha.
Ukulandelela Nokuqapha:Izinhlelo zokulandelela izinto ezithuthukisiwe zisetshenziswa ukuqapha isimo sokuthunyelwa nokunikeza izibuyekezo zendawo ngesikhathi sangempela kumakhasimende. Izinombolo zokulandelela izitsha zinikezwa kuzo zonke izimpahla ezithunyelwayo. Ukulandelela izitsha kuyatholakala ukuze kuthunyelwe ngobuningi.
Umshwalense:Kuye ngenani le-oda kanye nezidingo zamakhasimende, umshwalense wempahla yasolwandle (Yonke Ingozi noma Ngokumbozwa Okujwayelekile) ungahlelwa ukuze umboze ukulahlekelwa noma umonakalo ongaba khona ngesikhathi sokuthutha. Kumaphrojekthi okufaka inqwaba yasolwandle anenani eliphezulu, umshwalense owengeziwe wokufaka izinto kanye nokufakwa unganconywa.
Ukuhlela Ukuphakamisa Okusindayo:Kumapayipi asinda kakhulu (ngaphezu kuka-5,000 kg ngepayipi ngalinye), kunconywa ukuxhumanisa kusengaphambili nechweba lokuya lapho imishini yokuphatha izinto ezisindayo (ama-crane anomthamo owanele, imigoqo ekhethekile yokusakaza) ukuze kusetshenziswe. I-Womic Steel inikeza imininingwane eningiliziwe yempahla okuhlanganisa nesisindo samapayipi kanye nobukhulu bokuhlela iphrojekthi.
Ngamafuphi, i-Womic Steel iqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izinqwaba zamapayipi ensimbi ze-ASTM A252 GR.3 SSAW zipakishwa ngezinyathelo zokuvikela ezihamba phambili embonini futhi zithunyelwa ngezindlela zokuthutha ezinokwethenjelwa ukuze zifike lapho ziya khona zisesimweni esihle kakhulu. Izinqubo ezifanele zokupakisha nokuthumela zibalulekile ekulondolozeni ubuqotho kanye nekhwalithi yemikhiqizo ethunyelwe, ikakhulukazi kumaphrojekthi abalulekile ezisekelo zasolwandle.
10. Izinzuzo zensimbi ye-Womic kanye ne-FAQ - Inqwaba yepayipi lensimbi ye-ASTM A252 GR.3 SSAW
Kungani Kufanele Usebenzisane Nensimbi Yomthambo Wensimbi Ye-ASTM A252 GR.3 SSAW Piling Pipe?
Ububanzi Obuphelele Bosayizi:Inqubo ye-SSAW ehlanganisa i-OD engu-508mm kuya ku-3,000mm, ubukhulu bodonga obufika ku-25.4mm, ubude obufika ku-60m kumaphrojekthi okufaka isisekelo esijulile kanye nokufakwa kwezindonga zasolwandle.
Ukugxila Kwezasolwandle Nasogwini:Ulwazi olukhethekile ekusetshenzisweni kokufakwa kwamapayipi olwandle nasogwini lolwandle okuhlanganisa ukwakhiwa kwamachweba, amapulatifomu olwandle, izisekelo zamabhuloho, kanye namaphrojekthi okuvikela ogwini lolwandle. Ukuqonda izidingo zokuvikela ukugqwala kolwandle kanye nokucindezeleka kokushayela.
Izindandatho Zensimbi Zomhlatshelo:Ukushisela ngaphakathi kwezindandatho zensimbi ezihlatshwayo kuya eziphethweni zokushayela amapayipi ukuze kuvikelwe kangcono ngesikhathi sokusebenza kokushayela inqwaba, kuncishiswe ukuguquguquka kwengxenye yamapayipi kanye nokubambezeleka kokufakwa.
Izinsizakalo Ezenezelwe Inani:Ukusika iziphetho (30°-35°), ukusika iziphetho okusobala, ukugqoka okuvikelayo (FBE, 3LPE, Coal Tar Epoxy, Galvanizing), kanye nokugoqa okulwa nokugqwala kuyatholakala ngaphakathi noma ngezikhungo zomlingani ofanelekayo.
Amandla Obude Obude:Kufika ku-60m ubude obubodwa kumaphrojekthi esisekelo esijulile, okunciphisa izidingo zokuhlanganisa insimu kanye nesikhathi sokufaka. Ubude obungokwezifiso buyatholakala ngaphandle kwezindleko ezengeziwe kumabanga ajwayelekile.
Ukuncintisana Kwezokuthutha:Ubambiswano oluhlelekile nabathengisi bezimpahla emhlabeni wonke kanye nochwepheshe bezimpahla zephrojekthi luqinisekisa ukulayisha okungcono (isitsha, inqwaba ephukile, noma umkhumbi wephrojekthi) kanye nokuthunyelwa okungabizi kakhulu emhlabeni wonke kwamapayipi okufaka imithwalo asindayo namakhulu.
Imibhalo Ephelele:Izitifiketi Zokuhlolwa Okugcwele Kwemishini (EN 10204 Uhlobo 2.2, 3.1, noma 3.2), imibiko ye-NDT (UT, RT), imibiko yobukhulu, kanye nemibhalo yokulandelela inikezwe kukho konke ukuthunyelwa. Ukuhlolwa komuntu wesithathu (SGS, BV, TÜV, LR, DNV) kwenziwa lula uma kuceliwe.
Khetha i-Womic Steel Group njengomlingani wakho othembekile wezinqwaba zamapayipi ensimbi e-ASTM A252 GR.3 SSAW asezingeni eliphezulu kumaphrojekthi asemanzini, asogwini lolwandle, kanye nesisekelo esijulile emhlabeni jikelele. Siyakwamukela ukubuza!
Iwebhusayithi: www.womicsteel.com
I-imeyili: sales@womicsteel.com
Ucingo/I-WhatsApp/I-WeChat:
UVictor: +86-15575100681
UJack: +86-18390957568
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa (Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa) - Inqwaba Yepayipi Lensimbi ye-ASTM A252 GR.3 SSAW
U: Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-SSAW ne-LSAW yokuhlanganisa amapayipi?
A: I-SSAW (Spiral Submerged Arc Welded) isebenzisa inqubo yokushisela ejikelezayo, efanelekile kumadayamitha amakhulu (508mm-3,000mm) kanye nezindonga ezincane kuya kweziphakathi. I-LSAW (Longitudinal Submerged Arc Welded) isebenzisa ukushisela okuqondile komthungo, okungcono kumadayamitha amancane (508mm-1,500mm) kanye nezindonga ezijiyile (kufika ku-50.8mm). I-SSAW ngokuvamile ingabizi kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kokugoqa okukhulu kakhulu kobubanzi, kuyilapho i-LSAW inikeza ukuqina komthungo wokushisela okungcono ekusetshenzisweni kwamadayamitha amakhulu.
Q: Iyini indandatho yensimbi yomhlatshelo futhi kufanele isetshenziswe nini?
A: Indandatho yensimbi yomhlatshelo iyisigaba sensimbi esifushane (ngokuvamile ububanzi obungu-50-100mm, ubukhulu obungu-6-12mm, ipayipi elihambisanayo OD) elihlanganisiwe ekugcineni kokushayela kwepayipi elihlanganisayo. Limunca amandla okushaya avela esandweni sokushayela inqwaba, livikele ukuphela kwepayipi ekuguqukeni, ekugoqekeni, noma ekuqhekekeni. Izindandatho zomhlatshelo ziyanconywa ezimweni zokushayela kanzima (isihlabathi esiminyene, amatshe ayigugu, amasokhethi amatshe), izando zokushayela inqwaba esindayo, amapayipi asodongeni oluncane, amaphrojekthi abalulekile lapho umonakalo wengxenye yepayipi ungabangela ukubambezeleka kwesheduli, kanye namapayipi adinga ukuqina kwamanzi ngemva kokushayela.
U: Yiziphi izinketho zobude ezitholakalayo zepayipi lokufaka i-ASTM A252 GR.3 SSAW?
A: Ubude obujwayelekile bungu-6m, 12m, kanye no-18m. Kumaphrojekthi ayisisekelo ajulile kanye nolwandle, sihlinzeka ngobude obungokwezifiso obufika ku-60m (200 feet) kuye ngobubanzi kanye nobukhulu bodonga. Ubude obude kakhulu bunikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile: inani elincishisiwe lama-splices asensimini (izindleko eziphansi zokufaka, isheduli esheshayo), ukuqhubeka kwesakhiwo okuthuthukisiwe, kanye nengozi encishisiwe yamaphutha okushisela. Kodwa-ke, ubude obude budinga ukuthuthwa okukhethekile (izitsha ze-rack flat, imikhumbi emikhulu, noma imithwalo yephrojekthi) futhi kungaba nezindleko eziphezulu zokuthutha.
U: Yiziphi izinketho zokumboza ezitholakalayo zamapayipi okufaka izintambo zasolwandle ukuvikela ekugqwaleni kwamanzi olwandle?
A: Sinikeza izinketho eziningi zokugqoka ezilwa nokugqwala ezindaweni zasolwandle: i-FBE (Fusion Bonded Epoxy) ungqimba olulodwa noma oluphindwe kabili, i-3LPE/3LPP (i-Three Layer Polyethylene/Polypropylene), i-Coal Tar Epoxy, i-Hot Dip Galvanizing, i-Liquid Epoxy, kanye ne-Concrete Weight Coating (CWC). Eziningi zezicelo zokufaka izinsimbi zasolwandle, ukugqoka kwe-3LPE noma kwe-FBE okuhlanganiswe nokuvikelwa kwe-cathodic kuyindinganiso yemboni.
U: Ungakwazi yini ukunikeza ipayipi lokufaka inqwaba ngokuhlolwa komuntu wesithathu (SGS, BV, TÜV, DNV, LR)?
A: Yebo. Siyakwamukela futhi senza kube lula ukuhlolwa yi-DNV, BV, SGS, TÜV, ABS, LR, noma yimuphi ummeleli oqokwe yiklayenti ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza nangaphambi kokuthunyelwa. 3.2 Izitifiketi zokuhlola eziqinisekiswe yizinhlangano zangaphandle ezigunyaziwe zihlinzekwa njalo uma ziceliwe.
U: Yikuphi ukuhlolwa okungabhubhisi (NDT) okunikezwayo kwepayipi lokufaka i-ASTM A252 GR.3 SSAW?
A: I-NDT ejwayelekile ifaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasonic okungu-100% (UT) komzimba womthungo we-weld kanye nowepayipi, kanye nokuhlolwa kwendawo kwe-Radiographic Testing (RT). I-MPI, ukuhlolwa kwe-Hydrostatic, kanye ne-UT eyengeziwe kuyatholakala uma kuceliwe. Ngezicelo ezibalulekile zasolwandle, sincoma i-100% RT noma i-UT yobude obugcwele.
Q: Yisiphi isikhathi esijwayelekile sokuhola sepayipi lokufaka i-ASTM A252 GR.3 SSAW?
A: Izikhathi ezijwayelekile zokuhola cishe ziyizinsuku ezingama-30-45 zokukhiqizwa kwe-SSAW, kuye ngobuningi be-oda, ububanzi, ukujiya kodonga, kanye nezidingo zokuhlola. Ama-oda asheshayo (izinsuku ezingama-20-30) angatholakala ngamanani amancane. Kumaphrojekthi adinga ukuhlolwa komuntu wesithathu, engeza izinsuku ezi-5-10. Ukuze uthole ukumbozwa (i-FBE, i-3LPE, njll.), engeza izinsuku eziyi-10-20.
Q: Yimaphi amadokhumenti anikezwa ngokuthunyelwa ngakunye?
A: Ukuthunyelwa ngakunye kufaka phakathi iSitifiketi Sokuhlolwa Komshini (i-EN 10204 Uhlobo 3.1), Umbiko Wokuhlolwa Obukhulu, Imibiko ye-UT, Imibiko ye-RT (uma icacisiwe), Imibhalo Yokulandelela, Uhlu Lokupakisha, I-invoyisi Yezentengiselwano, kanye Nesitifiketi Somsuka. Kumazinga e-EN, isimemezelo sokumaka i-CE kanye neSimemezelo Sokusebenza (i-DoP) singanikezwa.
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