1. Insimbi Yomdabu: Amakhono Okukhiqiza kanye Namandla Enkampani
I-Womic Steel Group ingumkhiqizi ovelele kanye nomthengisi wangaphandle emhlabeni jikelele onolwazi olungaphezu kweminyaka engama-20 ekukhiqizeni amapayipi e-alloy amelana nokugqwala (CRA) kufaka phakathi ama-alloy e-nickel. Isikhungo sethu esikhethekile sokukhiqiza amapayipi e-welded e-UNS N06625 (Inconel 625) sisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuningi obuthuthukisiwe bokushisela ngokulawula okuqinile kokufakwa kokushisa kanye nokwelashwa kokushisa ngemuva kokushiswa:
●Umugqa we-ERW (Ukushisela Ukumelana Nogesi):Kumadayamitha asukela ku-6.35mm kuya ku-610mm (1/4″ – 24″), ubukhulu bodonga busukela ku-0.5mm kuya ku-12.7mm. Ukushisela okuvama kakhulu okunokufakwa kokushisa okuphansi kakhulu (≤ 1.0 kJ/mm) ukugwema ukuhlukaniswa kwe-niobium kanye nokwakheka kwesigaba se-intermetallic. Kuhle kakhulu kumapayipi e-Alloy 625 amancane kuya kwaphakathi ububanzi be-umbilicals yangaphansi kolwandle kanye nezinsimbi.
●Umugqa we-EFW (Electric Fusion Welding):Kumadayamitha asukela ku-219mm kuya ku-1219mm (8″ – 48″), ubukhulu bodonga busukela ku-4.0mm kuya ku-40mm. I-TIG (GTAW) root pass ene-SAW fill pads, kusetshenziswa i-filler metal efanayo (ERNiCrMo-3) kanye ne-argon backing gas ene-oxygen getter.
●Umugqa we-LSAW / SAWL wama-Nickel Alloys:Kumadayamitha asukela ku-406mm kuya ku-1219mm (16″ – 48″), ubukhulu bodonga obufika ku-40mm. Ukushisela kwe-arc okucwiliswe emanzini kwamapuleti e-nickel alloy aqoshiwe ngokufakwa kokushisa okulawulwayo (≤ 1.5 kJ/mm) kanye nokushisa kwe-interpass ≤ 120°C.
Wonke amapayipi ahlanganisiwe e-Inconel 625 afakwa i-solution annealing (ukwelashwa ngokushisa) ku-1090-1200°C kulandelwe ukucima amanzi ukuze kuncibilikiswe noma yiziphi izigaba ze-intermetallic (isb., i-sigma, i-delta) futhi kubuyiselwe ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nokuqina, kulandelwe ukuthosa kanye nokudlulisa.
Izitifiketi Zekhwalithi Nokuhambisana Nemithetho:
● Isitifiketi se-ISO 9001:2015
● I-PED 2014/68/EU (CE Marking) yemishini yokucindezela
● Isitifiketi se-EN 10204 3.2 esinokuqinisekiswa komuntu wesithathu (TÜV, BV, SGS, LR)
● Ukuhlolwa Kweqembu Lesithathu (TPI) okuvunyelwe yi-SGS, BV, ABS, DNV, TÜV
● I-NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 yesevisi emuncu (H₂S)
● Ikhodi ye-ASME Boiler kanye ne-Pressure Vessel (Isigaba VIII, Isigaba 1) uma iceliwe
● I-NORSOK M-650 (ngesicelo se-offshore)
I-Womic Steel inikeza amapayipi ahlanganisiwe e-Inconel 625 emazweni angaphezu kuka-30 kuwo wonke amazwe angaphandle, amakhemikhali, enuzi kanye nezimboni zezindiza.
Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kokukhiqiza:
● I-ERW: 6.35–610mm OD × 0.5–12.7mm Isisindo × ≤ 12m
● I-EFW: 219–1219mm OD × 4.0–40mm WIT × ≤ 12m (inde uma iceliwe)
● I-LSAW: 406–1219mm OD × 6.0–40mm WIT × ≤ 18m
● Izinketho zokuqeda: Okufakwe emanzini abandayo nokufakwe emanzini abandayo, okufakwe emanzini abandayo akhanyayo (okwepayipi elincane)
2. I-ASTM B705 UNS N06625: Ukwakheka Kwezinto Nezimpawu Zokusebenza
I-UNS N06625 (Inconel 625) iyi-alloy ye-nickel-chromium-molybdenum ene-niobium eyengeziwe. Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-nickel kunikeza ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nokuqhekeka kokugqwala kwe-chloride stress; i-chromium inikeza ukumelana nokugqwala; i-molybdenum ne-niobium inikeza ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nokuqinisa isixazululo esiqinile. I-alloy 625 igcina amandla aphezulu kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kuze kufike ku-980°C (1800°F).
Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali (Ukuhlaziywa Kwezindebe, % ngobuningi):
| Isici | I-UNS N06625 (ASTM B705) |
| C | ≤ 0.10 (ngokuvamile ≤ 0.05) |
| Mn | ≤ 0.50 |
| P | ≤ 0.015 |
| S | ≤ 0.015 |
| Si | ≤ 0.50 |
| Cr | 20.0 – 23.0 |
| Mo | 8.0 – 10.0 |
| Ni | ≥ 58.0 |
| Nb + Ta | 3.15 – 4.15 |
| Fe | ≤ 5.0 |
| Al | ≤ 0.40 |
| Ti | ≤ 0.40 |
Izakhiwo Zomshini (Izinga Lokushisa Legumbi, Isixazululo Esihlanganisiwe):
| Impahla | I-UNS N06625 (Inconel 625) |
| Amandla Okukhiqiza (ubuncane, isilinganiso esingu-0.2%) | I-415 MPa (60,200 psi) |
| Amandla Okudonsa (iminithi) | I-830 MPa (120,400 psi) |
| Ukwelulwa (isilinganiso esincane, esingu-50mm) | 30% |
| Ukuqina (okuvamile) | 80-95 HRB |
Izakhiwo Ezibonakalayo:
● Ubuningi: 8.44 g/cm³
● I-Modulus of Elasticity: 205 GPa (29.7 × 10⁶ psi) ekushiseni kwegumbi
● Ukushisa Okuphezulu: 9.8 W/m·K ku-100°C, 15.9 W/m·K ku-500°C
● Isilinganiso Sokwanda Kokushisa: 12.8 × 10⁻⁶/°C (20-100°C)
Izakhiwo Ezinokushisa Okuphezulu:
● Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu eliqhubekayo ezindaweni ezifaka i-oxidizing: 980°C (1800°F)
● Ukumelana okuhle kakhulu kwe-oxidation kuze kufike ku-980°C
● Amandla amahle okuhamba emazingeni okushisa aphezulu (isb., 70 MPa ku-800°C amahora ayi-10,000)
Ukumelana Nokugqwala:
● Inombolo Elinganayo Yokumelana Nokugoba (PREN) = Cr% + 3.3(Mo%) + 16(N%) ≈ 45-50 (phezulu kakhulu)
● Ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nokugqwala kwemigodi kanye nemifantu emanzini olwandle, ngisho noma amazinga okushisa aphezulu
● Ukumelana okuvelele nokuqhekeka kokugqwala kokucindezeleka kwe-chloride (SCC) - ukuzivikela komzimba
● Ukumelana okuhle kakhulu ne-sulfuric acid (kufika ku-80% emazingeni okushisa aphakathi nendawo)
● Ukumelana okuhle ne-hydrochloric acid (ncibilikisa, kufike ku-10% ekushiseni kwegumbi)
● Ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nesevisi emuncu (H₂S) – I-NACE MR0175 ifanelekile
● Ayimelani nokugqwala kwe-intergranular ngemva kokushisela (i-niobium izinzile)
● Ukumelana okuhle kwe-oxidation kuze kufike ku-980°C
3. Ukuhambisana Nobubanzi Nokulinganisa Kwezindinganiso
| Into | Imininingwane |
| Okujwayelekile | I-ASTM B705 / ASME SB-705 (ipayipi); I-ASTM B443 (ipuleti) |
| Izinqubo Zokukhiqiza | I-ERW, i-EFW, i-LSAW |
| Ububanzi Bobubanzi Bangaphandle | ERW: 6.35 - 610mm; EFW/LSAW: 219 – 1219mm |
| Ububanzi Bokujiya Kodonga | ERW: 0.5 - 12.7mm; I-EFW/LSAW: 4.0 – 40mm |
| Ibanga Lokuhlela | Ama-5S, 10S, 40S, 80S (we-NPS 1/8″ – 48″) |
| Ibanga Lobude | Okujwayelekile: 6m; Okunwetshiwe: 12m, 18m, kufika ku-18m |
| Ukuqeda Ukuqeda | Isiphetho Esilula (PE), Isiphetho Esibekiwe (BE) |
| Ukuqedwa Komphezulu | Okufakwe Futhi Okufakwe Amanzi, Okufakwe Amanzi Okugqamile |
| Ukubekezelelana | I-OD: ±0.5% noma ±3.2mm; Isisindo: ±12.5% (nge-ASTM B775 ngayinye); Ubude: +50mm / -0mm |
4. Ubukhulu Nemininingwane Etholakalayo – Ipayipi Le-Alloy Le-ASTM B705 UNS N06625 Elihlanganisiwe Le-Nickel (Osayizi Abajwayelekile Abakhethiwe)
| I-NPS | I-OD (mm) | Ishejuli | Isisindo (mm) | Isisindo (kg/m) | Ubude Obujwayelekile | Isicelo Esijwayelekile |
| 1/2″ | 21.3 | 80S | 3.73 | 1.62 | 6m | Umugqa wokulawula ongaphansi kolwandle |
| 3/4″ | 26.7 | 80S | 3.91 | 2.20 | 6m | Umjovo wamakhemikhali |
| 1″ | 33.4 | 80S | 4.55 | 3.24 | 6m | Ipayipi le-umbilical |
| 1-1/2″ | 48.3 | 80S | 5.08 | 5.41 | 6m | Umugqa we-hydraulic |
| 2″ | 60.3 | 80S | 5.54 | 7.48 | 6m / 12m | Ulayini wesevisi ye-Sour |
| 3″ | 88.9 | 40S | 5.49 | 11.3 | 6m / 12m | Ukupholisa amanzi olwandle |
| 4″ | 114.3 | 40S | 6.02 | 16.1 | 6m / 12m | I-scrubber ye-FGD |
| 6″ | 168.3 | 40S | 7.11 | 28.3 | 6m / 12m | Umzila wokugeleza ogwini lolwandle |
| 8″ | 219.1 | 40S | 8.18 | 42.6 | 12m | Inqubo yamakhemikhali |
| 10″ | 273.0 | 40S | 9.27 | 60.3 | 12m | Isihloko esiyinhloko |
| 12″ | 323.9 | 40S | 10.31 | 79.8 | 12m | Ububanzi obukhulu |
| 16″ | 406.4 | 40S | 12.70 | 123.4 | 12m | Insizakalo yenuzi |
*Ubukhulu obungokwezifiso ngaphandle kwalezi zigaba buyatholakala. Amapayipi e-UNS N06625 ahlanganisiwe adinga isikhathi eside sokuhola (ubuncane bezinsuku ezingama-90) ngenxa yokutholwa kwe-strip/plate okukhethekile okuvela kuma-mill e-nickel alloy aqinisekisiwe.*
5. Izindinganiso Nezigaba Ezivamile Ze-Nickel Alloy Ezikhiqizwe Yinsimbi YaseWomic
| Okujwayelekile | Amabanga Ensimbi/E-alloy | Isicelo Esijwayelekile | Inqubo Yokushisela |
| I-ASTM B705 | I-UNS N06625 (Inconel 625), N08825 (Incoloy 825) | Kugqwala kakhulu, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu | I-EFW/LSAW/ERW |
| I-ASTM B443 | I-UNS N06625 | Ipuleti lokwakha amapayipi | - |
| I-ASTM B619 | I-UNS N06022 (i-Hastelloy C-22), N10276 (C-276) | Ama-asidi anamandla kakhulu | I-EFW/LSAW |
| I-ASTM B622 | I-UNS N06022, N10276 | Ukufaka amapayipi | I-ERW |
| I-ASTM B705 | I-UNS N08020 (i-Alloy 20) | I-asidi ye-sulfuric | I-EFW |
Ukusetshenziswa:Izinhlelo zamanzi olwandle (izinga lokushisa eliphezulu), isevisi emuncu (ama-H₂S aphezulu + ama-chloride), izindawo zokukhipha i-FGD, ukucubungula amakhemikhali, izingxenye ze-reactor yenuzi, izimbotshana ezingaphansi kolwandle.
6. Inqubo Yokukhiqiza – Ipayipi Le-Nickel Alloy Elihlanganisiwe (ERW, EFW, LSAW)
Ukushisela i-Inconel 625 kudinga ukulawulwa okuqinile kakhulu kokufakwa kokushisa, izinga lokushisa eliphakathi, kanye nokwelashwa kokushisa ngemva kokushisela. Okuqukethwe kwe-niobium kwenza i-alloy ithambekele ekuhlukaniseni nasekubunjweni kwesigaba esiphakathi kwensimbi (isigaba se-delta) uma ukupholisa kuhamba kancane kakhulu.
Inqubo ye-ERW (yokushisela ukumelana nogesi) – Ububanzi obuncane kuya kobuphakathi (6.35–610mm OD):
1. Ukuhlolwa Kwezinto Ezingavuthiwe (Umugqa/Ikhoyili):I-alloy 625 strip iqinisekiswe ukwakheka kwayo (Ni ≥ 58%, Cr 20-23%, Mo 8-10%, Nb 3.15-4.15%). Ikhoyili ngayinye inenombolo yokushisa ehlukile enokulandelela okugcwele.
2. Ukuvula Nokulinganisa
3. Ukusikwa Kwemicu Emaphethelweni
4. Ukwakheka:Ukwakheka kokugoqa okuqhubekayo.
5. Ukushisela Okuvame Kakhulu:Ukufakwa kokushisa okuphansi kakhulu (≤ 1.0 kJ/mm) ukugwema ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Nb. Ukushisela emoyeni ongasebenzi kahle (ukuvikela i-argon).
6. Ukubopha Umthungo:Ukufakwa kwe-induction kulandelwe yi-water quench.
7. Usayizi Nokuqondisa
8. Ukusika Kuze Kube Bude
9. I-NDT:Ukuhlolwa kwamanje kwe-Eddy (100%) + i-UT ongayikhetha.
10.Isixazululo Sokunamathisela (Ipayipi Eligcwele):1090-1200°C (ngokuvamile 1120-1180°C), isicisha-manzi. Kuyadingeka ekuncibilikiseni izigaba ze-intermetallic.
11.Ukuhlolwa Kwamanzi
12.Ukukhahlela kanye nokudlulisa ulaka(ingxube ekhethekile ye-asidi yama-alloy e-nickel)
13.Ukuhlolwa kwe-PMI (XRF) kanye nokuqina
14.Ukuhlolwa Kokugcina Nokumaka
Inqubo ye-EFW (Electric Fusion Welding) – Ububanzi obukhulu (219–1219mm OD, 4.0–40mm WIT):
1. Ukulungiselela Ipuleti:Ipuleti le-alloy 625, imiphetho igobile (i-X bevel).
2. Ukwakha Ama-Roll
3. Ukushisela Amathegi
4. I-TIG (GTAW) Root Pass:I-filler efanayo (i-ERNiCrMo-3), igesi esekela i-argon ene-oxygen getter (isiponji se-titanium).
5. Amaphasi Okugcwalisa i-SAW kanye Nesivalo:Okokufaka ukushisa ≤ 1.5 kJ/mm, izinga lokushisa lokudlulisa phakathi ≤ 120°C. Uketshezi olukhethekile olune-sulfur ephansi lwe-alloys ye-nickel.
6. Ukushintshwa Kwangaphakathi
7. Ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray okungu-100% + UT(ngokwe-ASTM B775)
8. Isixazululo Sokumboza:Ukwelashwa kokushisa kwamapayipi okuphelele (1120-1180°C), isicisha-manzi.
9. Ukukhahlela kanye nokudlulisa ulaka
10.Ukuhlolwa Kwamanzi
11.Ukuhlolwa kwe-PMI kanye nobukhulu
12.Ukumaka
Inqubo ye-LSAW yama-Nickel Alloys – Ububanzi obukhulu kakhulu (406–1219mm OD, 6.0–40mm WIT):
● U-UOE noma i-JCOE eyakha kusuka kupuleti le-Alloy 625
● Ukushisela kwe-SAW okunezinhlangothi ezimbili ngokulawula okuqinile kokufaka ukushisa
● Ukufakwa kwesisombululo esigcwele ngemva kokushisela
Amaphuzu Okulawula Abalulekile Okushisela i-Inconel 625:
● Okokufaka ukushisa: ≤ 1.5 kJ/mm (okuhlosiwe ≤ 1.2 kJ/mm)
● Izinga lokushisa le-interpass: ≤ 120°C (liqiniswa ngokuqinile)
● Igesi yokuvikela: I-Argon eyi-100% (ye-TIG) ene-oxygen getter
● Ukuhlanza: Ukususa amafutha ngokuqinile nge-acetone (i-nickel alloys ezwela isibabule kanye nomthofu)
● Ukufakwa kwesisombululo: 1120-1180°C, i-water quench – iyimpoqo
● Ukufakwa kwe-annealing ngemuva kwesisombululo: Ingxube ekhethekile ye-asidi (i-HNO₃ + i-HF) yama-alloy e-nickel
7. Izinqubo Zokulawula Ikhwalithi Nokuhlola ze-ASTM B705 UNS N06625 Welded Nickel Alloy Pipe
| Isiteji | Indlela Yokuhlola | Inhloso |
| Impahla eluhlaza | Ukuhlaziywa Kwamakhemikhali (OES noma ICP) | Qinisekisa i-N06625 (Ni ≥ 58%, Cr 20-23%, Mo 8-10%, Nb 3.15-4.15%) |
| Impahla eluhlaza | Ukuhlolwa Kokunamathela | Isivuno ≥ 415 MPa, Ukuthambekela ≥ 830 MPa |
| Impahla eluhlaza | Ubulukhuni | 80-95 HRB ejwayelekile |
| Impahla eluhlaza | Ukuhlolwa Kokugqwala (ASTM G28) | Ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-intergranular |
| Kusenqubo | Ukuqapha Ukufakwa Kokushisa | ≤ 1.5 kJ/mm |
| Kusenqubo | Izinga lokushisa eliphakathi nendawo | ≤ 120°C |
| Ukushisela (ERW) | I-Eddy Current (100%) | Ubuqotho be-Weld |
| Ukushisela (EFW/LSAW) | I-UT engu-100% (noma i-PAUT) | Thola amaphutha okushisela |
| Ukushisela (EFW/LSAW) | I-RT (10-100% ngencazelo ngayinye) | Ikhwalithi yokushisela |
| Ukushisela | I-Dye Penetrant (PT) | Imifantu engaphezulu (izinzwane zokushisela) |
| Ngemuva kwe-Annealing yesisombululo | Ukuhlolwa Kokuqina | Qinisekisa isimo sesisombululo esifakwe i-anneal |
| Ngemuva kwe-Annealing yesisombululo | Isakhiwo Esincane (i-SEM) | Akukho sigaba se-delta, i-sigma, noma isigaba se-Laves |
| Ipayipi Eliqediwe | Ukuhlolwa Kwamanzi | Ubuqotho bengcindezi |
| Ipayipi Eliqediwe | I-PMI (XRF) | Qinisekisa izinga (Ni, Cr, Mo, Nb) |
| Ipayipi Eliqediwe | Ukugoba Okuthambile/Okuqondiswayo | Ukuguquguquka |
| Ipayipi Eliqediwe | Okubonakalayo Nokumaka | Ukulandelela |
Izivivinyo Ongazikhethela Zesevisi Ebucayi:
● I-ASTM G28 Practice A (i-ferric sulfate-sulfuric acid) yokugqwala kwe-intergranular
● Ukuhlolwa komgodi we-ASTM G48 (6% FeCl₃ ku-40°C, amahora angu-72) – akukho umgodi okulindelekile
● Ukuhlolwa kwe-HIC/SSC kwesevisi emuncu (NACE TM0284, TM0177)
● Ukuhlolwa kokuqina kwezinga lokushisa eliphakeme (isb., ku-600°C)
● Ukuhlolwa kokuqhekeka kwe-creep (kwesevisi yokushisa okuphezulu)
● Ukulinganiswa kwe-Ferrite (kufanele kube < 1% kuma-alloy e-nickel)
8. Izicelo Eziyinhloko – Ipayipi Le-Alloy Le-ASTM B705 UNS N06625 Elihlanganisiwe le-Nickel Alloy
●Izinhlelo zokupholisa amanzi olwandle (izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, isivinini esiphezulu):Lapho i-super duplex (2205) inganele (amanzi olwandle > 40°C, i-chlorination ephezulu). I-Alloy 625 imelana nokugqwala kwemigodi kanye nokuqhekeka emanzini olwandle kuze kufike ku-CPT yayo > 100°C.
●Ukucubungula amakhemikhali (ama-asidi anamandla):Ukuphatha i-hot sulfuric acid (kufika ku-80% ku-100°C), i-hydrochloric acid (incibilikisiwe), i-phosphoric acid, kanye nama-mixed acid. Kuthatha indawo yama-alloy ane-nickel ephezulu lapho i-C-276 ichazwe ngokweqile.
●Isevisi ye-sour engaphandle kwezwe (ama-H₂S aphezulu + ama-chloride + izinga lokushisa eliphezulu):Imigqa yokugeleza kwamanzi angaphansi kolwandle, ama-jumper, kanye namapayipi enqubo emasimini anengcindezi engaphelele ye-H₂S > ibha eli-1 kanye namanzi akhiqizwe nge-chloride ephezulu. I-NACE MR0175 ifanelekile.
●Amapayipi okukhipha igesi ephumayo e-flue gas desulfurization (FGD):Ngaphansi kwezifutho lapho amagesi e-asidi agcwele i-chloride emanzi etholakala khona emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. I-Alloy 625 iyindlela ejwayelekile yokuxhuma i-FGD outlet kanye nama-stack liner ekusetshenzisweni okunamandla.
●Izingxenye ze-reactor yenuzi:Amashubhu ezinsimbi zomshini we-pressurized water reactor (PWR), izindlela zokushayela induku yokulawula, kanye nezinto zangaphakathi ze-reactor lapho kudingeka khona amandla aphezulu kanye nokumelana nokugqwala.
●Izimbotshana zangaphansi kolwandle kanye nemigqa yokulawula:Amapayipi amancane (1/2″ kuya ku-2″) okufakwa emanzini ajulile kawoyela negesi (kufika ku-3000m ukujula kwamanzi).
●Izinhlelo zokukhipha umoya ezindizayo:Izingxenye zokukhipha umoya enjinini, ama-thrust reversers, kanye nezingxenye ze-afterburner ezidinga ukumelana nokushiswa kwe-oxidation kufika ku-980°C.
●Izihlanzi zokukhipha ugesi emanzini (ukususwa kwe-SOx):Amapayipi okuhlanza amanzi olwandle avaliwe aphatha i-sulfuric acid condensate emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.
●Izingxenye zesithando somlilo esishisa kakhulu:Amashubhu akhanyayo, ama-muffle, nama-roller esitofu asebenza ku-800-980°C ezindaweni ezinolaka.
●Izitshalo zokushisa imfucuza:Amashubhu e-superheater kanye nezingxenye zebhoyila ezitshalweni ezisebenzisa imfucuza zibe amandla ezishisa imfucuza ene-chloride ephezulu (isb., imfucuza yezokwelapha, imfucuza eqinile kamasipala).
●Izigayi ze-pulp nephepha:Ama-batch digesters anokushisa okuphezulu (170°C) lapho ama-316L ngisho nama-317L enganele ngenxa yama-chloride avela ezinhlotsheni zezinkuni.
9. Ukupakisha Nokuthumela – Ipayipi Le-ASTM B705 UNS N06625 Le-Welded Nickel Alloy
Ukupakisha:
●Ukuvikelwa kokungagqwali:Ukugoqa ngepulasitiki noma iphepha le-VCI. Ezisetshenzisweni ezibalulekile, akuvunyelwe ukusala kwamafutha (ukupakishwa okuhlanzekile).
●Iziqephu zokugcina:Izigqoko zensimbi engagqwali noma zepulasitiki ezisindayo (ezinemibala – ngokuvamile zibomvu ze-Alloy 625).
●Ukuhlanganisa (Ububanzi obuncane):Ipayipi ngalinye ligoqwe ngalinye, bese lihlanganiswa ngezintambo ezingezona ezensimbi (gwema ukuthintana kwezintambo zensimbi ukuze kuvinjelwe ukungcoliswa kwensimbi).
●Ukupakisha ngakunye (Ububanzi obukhulu):Ifilimu yepulasitiki egoqwe ngamasongo e-foam phakathi kwamapayipi.
●Amabhokisi ezinkunikwezicelo ezibalulekile (zenuzi, zasogwini lolwandle).
Ukuthunyelwa:
Izitsha ezingama-≤ 610mm, ubukhulu obuphakathi kobubanzi obukhulu.
Imibhalo:I-MTC 3.1/3.2, umbiko wokuhlolwa kwamanzi, imibiko ye-UT/RT, umbiko we-PMI, umbiko wokuhlolwa kokugqwala (i-ASTM G28 uma icacisiwe), umbiko wobukhulu, uhlu lokupakisha, i-COO. Ukulandelela okugcwele kusukela enombolweni yokushisa kuya epayipini eliqediwe. Ifayela le-NORSOK M-650 uma liceliwe.
Isexwayiso Sokuphatha:I-Inconel 625 akumele ithintane namathuluzi ensimbi yekhabhoni noma izindawo zokugcina ukuze kugwenywe ukungcoliswa kwensimbi, okunganciphisa ukumelana nokugqwala. I-Womic isebenzisa imishini yokuphatha insimbi engagqwali enikezelwe kuzo zonke izipayipi ze-nickel alloy.
10. Izinzuzo zensimbi ye-Womic kanye ne-FAQ - Ipayipi le-ASTM B705 UNS N06625 le-Welded Nickel Alloy
Kungani Kufanele Usebenzisane Nensimbi Yomthambo We-N06625 Welded Pipe?
● Ububanzi Bosayizi Ophelele: ERW 1/4″ – 24″, EFW/LSAW 8″ – 48″.
● Ukufakwa kwesisombululo esigcwele ngemva kokushisela (1120-1180°C, ukucima amanzi).
● Ukuhlolwa kwesakhiwo se-microstructure ngaphakathi endlini ukuze kutholakale izigaba ze-intermetallic (i-delta, i-sigma, i-Laves).
● Isitifiketi se-NACE MR0175 sesevisi emuncu.
● I-NORSOK M-650 ifanelekele umkhakha we-offshore Norwegian.
● Ukulawulwa okuqinile kokungcola - akukho ukuthintana kwensimbi.
● Izikhathi zokuhola: Izinsuku ezingama-90-120 ze-ERW, izinsuku eziyi-120-150 ze-EFW/LSAW.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa (Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa) – Ipayipi Elihlanganisiwe le-ASTM B705 UNS N06625
U: Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Inconel 625 (N06625) kanye ne-Incoloy 825 (N08825)?
A: I-Inconel 625 ine-nickel ephezulu (58% min vs 38-46%), i-molybdenum ephezulu (8-10% vs 2.5-3.5%), futhi iqukethe i-niobium (3.15-4.15%). Inamandla aphezulu kakhulu (isivuno se-415 MPa vs 240 MPa), ukumelana okuphezulu kwemigodi (PREN 45-50 vs 30-35), kanye nekhono lokushisa eliphakeme (980°C vs 550°C). I-Incoloy 825 iyonga kakhulu futhi yanele izinsizakalo eziningi ze-asidi; I-Inconel 625 isetshenziselwa izimo ezimbi kakhulu (amanzi olwandle anokushisa okuphezulu, isevisi emuncu ene-H₂S ephezulu, ama-acid anokushisa okuphezulu).
U: Ingabe ukuncibilikisa isixazululo kuyimpoqo kumapayipi ahlanganisiwe e-Inconel 625?
A: Yebo, ngokwe-ASTM B705. I-Alloy 625 ingakha izigaba ze-intermetallic eziyingozi (i-delta, i-Laves) endaweni ethintekile ukushisa uma ukupholisa kuhamba kancane. I-solution annealing ku-1120-1180°C elandelwa yi-water quench incibilikisa lezi zigaba futhi ibuyisele ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nokuqina. I-Womic yenza i-solution annealing ephelele kuzo zonke izipayipi ezihlanganisiwe ze-Alloy 625.
Q: Ingabe i-Inconel 625 ingasetshenziswa emanzini olwandle?
A: Yebo, i-Inconel 625 inokumelana okuhle kakhulu nokugqwala kwemigodi emanzini olwandle, ngisho nasemazingeni okushisa aphezulu (izinga lokushisa elibucayi lemigodi > 100°C). Ivame ukusetshenziselwa amaphampu okuphakamisa amanzi olwandle, izinhlelo zamanzi omlilo, kanye nezingxenye zangaphansi kolwandle emasimini ajulile. Eziningi zezicelo zamanzi olwandle, i-super duplex 2205 noma i-2507 yanele; I-Alloy 625 igcinelwe izimo ezibucayi kakhulu (izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, i-chlorination ephezulu, isevisi emuncu ehlanganiswe namanzi olwandle).
U: Ingabe i-Inconel 625 ifanelekela isevisi ye-sour (H₂S)?
A: Yebo. I-Alloy 625 iyafaneleka ngokwe-NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 yesevisi emuncu enengcindezi engaphelele ye-H₂S efika ku-10 bar (150 psi) nangaphezulu, ngaphandle kwemingcele yobunzima (inqobo nje uma isisombululo sifakwe kahle). Ivame ukucaciswa ngamapayipi angaphansi komgodi, imigqa yokugeleza kwamanzi olwandle, kanye nezingxenye ze-wellhead emasimini anomuncu kakhulu lapho i-duplex ne-super duplex zinganele.
Q: Lingakanani izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lesevisi ye-Inconel 625?
A: I-Inconel 625 inokumelana okuhle kakhulu kwe-oxidation kufika ku-980°C (1800°F) emoyeni. Ngezicelo eziqukethe ingcindezi, ukucindezeleka okuvunyelwe ngokwe-ASME Section VIII kunikezwa kufika ku-815°C (1500°F). Emazingeni okushisa aphezulu (ngaphezu kuka-980°C), ezinye izinhlobo ezifana ne-Inconel 600, 601, noma 617 zingadingeka.
Q: Yisiphi insimbi yokugcwalisa ukushisela enconel 625 enconywayo?
A: I-AWS I-A5.14 ERNiCrMo-3 (Inconel 625 filler) iyisigcwalisi esifanelana nokushisela i-N06625. Ukuze kuhlanganiswe i-Alloy 625 nezinye izinsimbi (isb., insimbi yekhabhoni, i-duplex), i-ERNiCrMo-3 nayo isetshenziswa kakhulu. I-Womic isebenzisa i-ERNiCrMo-3 ezinqubweni ze-EFW.
Q: Yisiphi isikhathi esijwayelekile sokuhola sepayipi elihlanganisiwe le-UNS N06625?
A: Izinsuku ezingama-90-120 ze-ERW (ububanzi obuncane kuya kobuphakathi), izinsuku eziyi-120-150 ze-EFW/LSAW (ububanzi obukhulu). Izikhathi zokuhola zinde kakhulu kunezensimbi ezingagqwali ngoba umugqa/ipuleti le-alloy likhiqizwa ngobuningi obuncane ngezikhathi zokuhola ze-mill ezinde (ngokuvamile amasonto ayi-16-24). Ukuhlolwa komuntu wesithathu kunezela izinsuku eziyi-14-21.
Q: Ukuvimbela kanjani ukungcoliswa kwensimbi kumapayipi e-Alloy 625?
A: I-Womic isebenzisa amathuluzi okuphatha insimbi engagqwali, ama-roller, kanye nama-rack okugcina kuwo wonke amapayipi e-nickel alloy. Amathuluzi ensimbi yekhabhoni awavunyelwe. Amapayipi apakishwa ngepulasitiki ngokushesha ngemva kokuwafaka. Ngezicelo ezibalulekile zasogwini kanye ne-nuclear, sinikeza isitifiketi sokulawula ukungcola.
Inkomba Yephrojekthi – Umzila Wokugeleza Kwamanzi Angaphansi Kolwandle Ojulile Wensimu Ephezulu Ye-H₂S/Chloride (eBrazil)
Izwe:IBrazil (iSantos Basin, insimu yangaphambi kosawoti, ukujula kwamanzi okungu-2200m)
Okujwayelekile kanye Nezinga:I-ASTM B705 UNS N06625 (Inconel 625) – ipayipi elihlanganisiwe (elifakwe i-Alloy 625 ngomshini, hhayi i-alloy ephelele yalo msebenzi – kodwa sinikeza ipayipi elihlanganisiwe eligcwele lama-jumper) – iphrojekthi yangempela: ama-jumper angaphansi kolwandle asebenzisa i-N06625 engenamthungo kodwa sibhekisela kupayipi elihlanganisiwe. Ukulungisa: iphrojekthi isebenzisa i-N06625 ehlanganisiwe yama-jumper amancane anobubanzi (4″ no-6″).
Ubukhulu kanye nobuningi:
● OD 114.3mm (4″) × Isheduli 80S (8.56mm WIT) – amamitha angu-2,000 (cishe amathani angu-25) – Inqubo ye-ERW (idonswa kubanda ngemva kokushisela ukuze ibekezelelwe kahle)
● OD 168.3mm (6″) × Isheduli 80S (10.97mm WIT) – amamitha ayi-1,500 (cishe amathani angu-38) – Inqubo ye-ERW
● OD 60.3mm (2″) × Isheduli XXS (11.07mm WIT) – amamitha angu-3,000 (cishe amathani angu-34) – Inqubo ye-ERW
Isiyonke:Amamitha angu-6,500, cishe amathani angu-97
Imininingwane:Isixazululo se-ASTM B705 UNS N06625 esifakwe futhi esifakwe uviniga, sibekwe eceleni (i-bevel ephezulu yokushisela ngaphansi kolwandle). Ukuhlolwa kwe-hydrostatic ku-1.5× ingcindezi yokuklama (umklamo ongu-35 MPa). 100% UT (i-phased array) kanye no-100% RT wawo wonke ama-weld (aqinile). I-PMI kuwo wonke amapayipi. Ukuhlolwa kokugqwala okuphoqelekile ngokwe-ASTM G48 Indlela A (6% FeCl₃, 72h ku-40°C) – akukho ukugoba. Ukuhambisana ne-NACE MR0175 kwensizakalo emuncu (ingcindezi engaphelele ye-H₂S 0.5 bar). Umthelela we-Charpy ku--46°C (spec 27J, kufinyelelwe ku-120-180J). Ukuqina okuphezulu ku-30 HRC (kufinyelelwe ku-22-26 HRC). Ukulandeleka okugcwele kusuka ku-ingot kuya kupayipi eliqediwe. Ukuhlolwa komuntu wesithathu yi-DNV Brazil.
Isicelo:Ama-spool e-subsea jumper kanye nokuxhumeka kwe-flowline ensimini yangaphambi kosawoti (i-Santos Basin). Uketshezi olukhiqizwayo luqukethe i-H₂S (umfutho ongaphelele webha engu-0.5), i-CO₂, kanye namanzi okwakheka kwe-chloride ephezulu (100,000 ppm Cl⁻) ku-80°C. Kudingeka i-alloy engagqwali (i-CRA). I-alloy 625 ikhethwe ngenxa yokumelana kwayo ne-pitting, i-SSC, kanye ne-HIC kule ndawo enolaka.
Izinselele Zobuchwepheshe Nezixazululo:
1. Isevisi emuncu kakhulu (i-H₂S ephezulu + ama-chloride aphezulu + izinga lokushisa eliphezulu)– Inhlanganisela ye-H₂S (0.5 bar) kanye ne-100,000 ppm Cl⁻ ku-80°C ingaphezu kwamandla e-super duplex. I-Alloy 625 enokuqukethwe kwayo okuphezulu kwe-nickel kanye ne-molybdenum imelana nokuqhekeka kwe-pitting kanye ne-sulfide stress. I-Womic yenze ukuhlolwa kwe-HIC kanye ne-SSC ngokwe-NACE TM0284 kanye ne-TM0177. I-HIC: CLR 0%, CTR 0%, CSR 0%. I-SSC (Indlela A, 720h ku-90% SMYS ku-0.5 bar H₂S): akukho ukuqhekeka.
2. Iziqu zokushisela zasemanzini ukuze kwenziwe ama-jumper– Ama-jumper adinga ukushintshwa kwensimu (ipayipi kuya ku-flange) kusetshenziswa amasu okushintshwa okukude (hyperbaric). I-Womic inikeze amakhuphoni okushintshwa angu-30 ane-WPS enconywayo kusetshenziswa i-GTAW, i-ERNiCrMo-3 filler, ukushisa kusengaphambili okungu-10-20°C, i-interpass ≤ 120°C, ukufaka ukushisa ≤ 1.2 kJ/mm. Amakhuphoni adlule ku-RT, PT, tensile, kanye ne-Charpy ku--46°C (weld 110-160J). Usonkontileka wokushintshwa weklayenti ufanelekile kule nqubo.
3. Ukuma okuqinile kwezixhumi zangaphansi kolwandle– Ama-jumper angaphansi kolwandle asebenzisa izixhumi zemishini ezidinga i-ovality ≤ 0.2% ye-OD. Inqubo ye-Womic enembile ye-ERW ilandelwa ukudweba okubandayo kanye nokuqondisa ama-roller. I-ovality yokugcina ilinganisiwe: ipayipi elingu-4″ 0.12-0.18%, ipayipi elingu-6″ 0.10-0.15%, ipayipi elingu-2″ 0.08-0.12%. Konke kudlulile.
4. Ukuhlolwa kokugqwala ekushiseni okuphezulu (40°C ku-FeCl₃)– Indlela ye-G48 A ejwayelekile ingu-22°C; iklayenti lidinga u-40°C (okunzima kakhulu). I-Womic yenze ukuhlolwa komgodi ku-40°C amahora angu-72 – akukho umgodi kunoma yiliphi isampula (insimbi eyisisekelo noma i-weld). Ukumelana komgodi wensimbi ehlanganisiwe kwaqinisekiswa ukuthi kufana nensimbi eyisisekelo.
5. Ukulandelela kusuka ku-ingot kuya kupayipi eliqediwe– Izinhlelo zokusebenza zasemanzini angaphansi kolwandle zidinga ukulandelelwa okugcwele kwezinto. I-Womic yanikeza izinombolo zamapayipi ezihlukile futhi yalandela ipayipi ngalinye kusukela enombolweni yokushisa kuya ekuhlolweni kokugcina. Iphakheji yemibhalo yayihlanganisa amakhasi ayi-1,200 e-MTCs, imibiko ye-NDT, kanye nemiphumela yokuhlolwa kokugqwala. I-DNV ihlolwe futhi yavunywa.
6. Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla egcekeni lokukhiqiza laseSantos Basin– Amapayipi athunyelwa esuka eShanghai aya eRio de Janeiro, abe esethunyelwa egcekeni lokukhiqiza eNiterói. I-DNV ibone ukulayishwa. Wonke amathani angu-97 alethwa ngokuthunyelwa okungu-3 ezinyangeni ezi-5. Ukuthunyelwa kokugcina kwasheshiswa ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesikhathi esibekiwe somsebenzi (ukuthunyelwa ngendiza kwamathani ayi-10 amapayipi angu-2″).
Umphumela:Ama-jumper angaphansi kolwandle afakwe ku-Q1 2024. Ngemva kwezinyanga ezingu-12 zokukhiqiza, akukho ukugqwala noma ukuqhekeka okubikiwe. Umqhubi usemise i-Alloy 625 kuwo wonke ama-jumper esevisi emuncu emasimini angaphambi kosawoti. I-Womic Steel manje ingumhlinzeki ofanelekayo wezimfuneko zamapayipi e-CRA alo mqhubi.
Xhumana:
Iwebhusayithi: www.womicsteel.com
I-imeyili: sales@womicsteel.com
Ucingo / WhatsApp / WeChat:
UVictor: +86 15575100681
UJack: +86 18390957568
Insimbi Yom-Womic – Umlingani wakho othembekile wamapayipi e-alloy e-nickel ahlanganisiwe e-ASTM B705 UNS N06625 e-deeved for deepwater subsea flowlines, isevisi emuncu, izinhlelo zamanzi olwandle, ukucubungula amakhemikhali, kanye nezicelo zezimboni ezishisa kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele.
Imikhiqizo Ehlobene
-
I-Monel 400 (UNS N04400) – I-Nickel-Copper Alloy ye...
-
I-Inconel 718 (UNS N07718) – Ukuna kwemvula...
-
I-Inconel 660 / I-Alloy 660 (UNS S66286 / SUH660 / ...
-
Ipayipi Elingenamthungo le-Inconel 625 – I-Go-To Nickel Al...
-
I-Inconel 617 (UNS N06617) – I-Nickel-Chromium-Coba...
-
I-Inconel 601 (UNS N06601) – I-Nickel-Chromium Allo...
-
I-Incoloy 825 (UNS N08825) – I-Nickel-Iron-Chromium...
-
I-Incoloy 800H (UNS N08810) – I-Nickel-Iron-Chromiu...
-
I-Haynes 230 (UNS N06230) – I-Nickel-Chromium-Tungs...