1. Insimbi Yomdabu: Amakhono Okukhiqiza kanye Namandla Enkampani
I-Womic Steel Group ingumkhiqizi ovelele kanye nomthengisi wangaphandle emhlabeni jikelele onolwazi olungaphezu kweminyaka engama-20 ekukhiqizeni amapayipi e-alloy amelana nokugqwala (CRA) afaka phakathi ama-alloy e-nickel, izinsimbi ezingagqwali ezimbili, kanye ne-titanium. Isikhungo sethu esikhethekile sokukhiqiza amapayipi e-alloy e-nickel alloy alloy sisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuningi obuthuthukisiwe bokushisela ngokulawula okuqinile kokufakwa kokushisa kanye nokwelashwa kokushisa ngemuva kokushisela ukuze kugcinwe ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-alloy kanye nezakhiwo zemishini:
●Umugqa we-ERW (Ukushisela Ukumelana Nogesi):Kumadayamitha asukela ku-6.35mm kuya ku-610mm (1/4″ – 24″), ubukhulu bodonga busukela ku-0.5mm kuya ku-12.7mm. Ukushisela okuvama kakhulu okunokufakwa kokushisa okuphansi ukuze kugwenywe ukuhlukaniswa. Kulungele amapayipi amancane kuya kwaphakathi e-N08825 emigqa yezinsimbi, umjovo wamakhemikhali, kanye namapayipi okucubungula.
●Umugqa we-EFW (Electric Fusion Welding):Kumadayamitha asukela ku-219mm kuya ku-1219mm (8″ – 48″), ubukhulu bodonga busukela ku-4.0mm kuya ku-50mm. I-TIG (GTAW) root pass ene-SAW fill pads, kusetshenziswa insimbi yokugcwalisa efanayo (ERNiCrMo-3 noma ERNiCrMo-10) kanye nokuvikela igesi okungenayo.
●Umugqa we-LSAW / SAWL wama-Nickel Alloys:Kububanzi obusukela ku-406mm kuya ku-1524mm (16″ – 60″), ubukhulu bodonga bufika ku-50mm. Ukushisela kwe-arc okucwiliswe emanzini kwamapuleti e-nickel alloy aqoshiwe ngokufakwa kokushisa okulawulwayo.
Wonke amapayipi ahlanganisiwe e-nickel alloy adlula ekufakweni kwesisombululo (ukwelashwa ngokushisa) ku-980-1040°C kulandelwe ukucima amanzi noma ukupholisa umoya ngokushesha ukuze kubuyiselwe ukumelana nokugqwala futhi kuncibilikiswe noma yikuphi ukugabha kwe-carbide noma i-intermetallic, kulandelwe ukugabha kanye nokudlulisa umoya.
Izitifiketi Zekhwalithi Nokuhambisana Nemithetho:
● Isitifiketi se-ISO 9001:2015
● I-PED 2014/68/EU (CE Marking) yemishini yokucindezela
● Isitifiketi se-EN 10204 3.2 esinokuqinisekiswa komuntu wesithathu (TÜV, BV, SGS, LR)
● Ukuhlolwa Kweqembu Lesithathu (TPI) okuvunyelwe yi-SGS, BV, ABS, DNV, TÜV
● I-NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 yesevisi emuncu (H₂S)
● Ikhodi ye-ASME Boiler kanye ne-Pressure Vessel (Isigaba VIII, Isigaba 1) uma iceliwe
I-Womic Steel inikeza amapayipi ahlanganisiwe e-nickel alloy emazweni angaphezu kuka-30 kuzo zonke izimboni zokucubungula amakhemikhali, ukukhiqizwa komanyolo, izimboni zenuzi kanye nezimboni zasogwini.
Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kokukhiqiza:
● I-ERW: 6.35–610mm OD × 0.5–12.7mm Isisindo × ≤ 12m
● I-EFW: 219–1219mm OD × 4.0–50mm WIT × ≤ 12m (inde uma iceliwe)
● I-LSAW: 406–1524mm OD × 6.0–50mm WIT × ≤ 18m
● Izinketho zokuqeda: Okufakwe emanzini abandayo nokufakwe emanzini abandayo, okufakwe emanzini abandayo akhanyayo (okwepayipi elincane)
2. I-ASTM B705 UNS N08825: Ukwakheka Kwezinto Nezimpawu Zokusebenza
I-UNS N08825 (Incoloy 825) iyi-alloy ye-nickel-iron-chromium enezengezo ze-molybdenum, ithusi, kanye ne-titanium. Yenzelwe ukunikeza ukumelana okuhle kakhulu kokubili kuma-asidi okunciphisa kanye noku-oxidizing, kanye nokuqhekeka kwe-chloride-induced stress corrosion (SCC) kanye ne-pitting. Ukwengezwa kwe-titanium kuzinzisa i-alloy ekuhlaselweni kwe-intergranular ngemva kokushisela (okufana nezinsimbi ezingagqwali ezizinzile). Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-nickel (38-46%) kunikeza ukumelana okuhle kakhulu ne-chloride SCC, kuyilapho i-chromium kanye ne-molybdenum kunikeza ukumelana kwe-pitting. I-Copper yengeza ukumelana nama-asidi e-sulfuric kanye ne-phosphoric.
Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali (Ukuhlaziywa Kwezindebe, % ngobuningi):
| Isici | I-UNS N08825 (ASTM B705) |
| C | ≤ 0.050 (ngokuvamile ≤ 0.025) |
| Mn | ≤ 1.00 |
| P | ≤ 0.030 |
| S | ≤ 0.030 |
| Si | ≤ 0.50 |
| Cr | 19.5 – 23.5 |
| Ni | 38.0 – 46.0 |
| Mo | 2.5 – 3.5 |
| Cu | 1.5 – 3.0 |
| Ti | 0.6 – 1.2 |
| Al | ≤ 0.20 |
| Fe | Ibhalansi |
Izakhiwo Zomshini (Izinga Lokushisa Legumbi, Isixazululo Esihlanganisiwe):
| Impahla | I-UNS N08825 |
| Amandla Okukhiqiza (ubuncane, isilinganiso esingu-0.2%) | 240 MPa (35,000 psi) |
| Amandla Okudonsa (iminithi) | I-550 MPa (80,000 psi) |
| Ukwelulwa (isilinganiso esincane, esingu-50mm) | 30% |
| Ukuqina (okuvamile) | 75-85 HRB |
Izakhiwo Ezibonakalayo:
● Ubuningi: 8.14 g/cm³
● I-Modulus of Elasticity: 195 GPa (28.3 × 10⁶ psi)
● Ukushisa Okuphezulu: 11.1 W/m·K ku-100°C
● Isilinganiso Sokwanda Kokushisa: 14.0 × 10⁻⁶/°C (20-100°C)
Ukumelana Nokugqwala:
● Ukumelana okuhle kakhulu ne-sulfuric acid ngaphezu kobubanzi obuhlukahlukene bokuhlushwa (kufika ku-96% emazingeni okushisa aphakathi nendawo)
● Ukumelana okuvelele ne-phosphoric acid (inqubo emanzi) equkethe ama-chloride nama-fluoride
● Ukumelana okuhle ne-nitric acid kanye nama-organic acid
● Ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nokuqhekeka kokugqwala kokucindezeleka kwe-chloride (SCC)
● Ukumelana okuhle kokugqwala kwemigodi kanye nokuqhekeka ezindaweni ze-chloride (PREN ≈ 30-35)
● Ayimelani nokugqwala kwe-intergranular ngemva kokushisela (i-titanium izinzile)
● Ifanelekela isevisi emuncu (NACE MR0175) kuze kufike kungcindezi ephezulu ye-H₂S engaphelele
Imikhawulo Yokugqwala (Okulinganiselwa):
● I-asidi ye-sulfuric (H₂SO₄): ingasetshenziswa kuze kufike ku-96% ekushiseni kwegumbi; inqunyelwe ekubileni
● I-Phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄): inhle kakhulu kufika ku-80% ku-100°C
● I-Hydrochloric acid (HCl): inqunyelwe ukuncibilikisa (< 5%) ekushiseni kwegumbi
● I-asidi ye-nitriki (i-HNO₃): ilungile kufika ku-40% emazingeni okushisa aphakathi nendawo
3. Ukuhambisana Nobubanzi Nokulinganisa Kwezindinganiso
| Into | Imininingwane |
| Okujwayelekile | I-ASTM B705 / ASME SB-705 (ipayipi); I-ASTM B709 (ipayipi) |
| Izinqubo Zokukhiqiza | I-ERW, i-EFW, i-LSAW |
| Ububanzi Bobubanzi Bangaphandle | ERW: 6.35 - 610mm; EFW/LSAW: 219 – 1524mm |
| Ububanzi Bokujiya Kodonga | ERW: 0.5 - 12.7mm; I-EFW/LSAW: 4.0 – 50mm |
| Ibanga Lokuhlela | Ama-5S, 10S, 40S, 80S (we-NPS 1/8″ – 48″) |
| Ibanga Lobude | Okujwayelekile: 6m; Okunwetshiwe: 12m, 18m, kuze kufike ku-18m (isikhathi eside uma ucela) |
| Ukuqeda Ukuqeda | Isiphetho Esilula (PE), Isiphetho Esibekiwe (BE) |
| Ukuqedwa Komphezulu | Okufakwe Futhi Okufakwe Amanzi, Okufakwe Amanzi Okugqamile |
| Ukubekezelelana | I-OD: ±0.5% noma ±3.2mm; Isisindo: ±12.5% (nge-ASTM B775 ngayinye); Ubude: +50mm / -0mm |
4. Ubukhulu Nemininingwane Etholakalayo – Ipayipi Le-ASTM B705 UNS N08825 Le-Nickel Alloy Elihlanganisiwe (Osayizi Abajwayelekile Abakhethiwe)
| I-NPS | I-OD (mm) | Ishejuli | Isisindo (mm) | Isisindo (kg/m) | Ubude Obujwayelekile | Isicelo Esijwayelekile |
| 1/2″ | 21.3 | 40S | 2.77 | 1.27 | 6m | Umjovo wamakhemikhali |
| 3/4″ | 26.7 | 40S | 2.87 | 1.69 | 6m | Imigqa yezinsimbi zomculo |
| 1″ | 33.4 | 40S | 3.38 | 2.50 | 6m | Imigqa yokudla ye-asidi |
| 1-1/2″ | 48.3 | 40S | 3.68 | 4.05 | 6m | Ukucubungula amapayipi |
| 2″ | 60.3 | 40S | 3.91 | 5.44 | 6m / 12m | I-asidi ye-sulfuric |
| 3″ | 88.9 | 40S | 5.49 | 11.3 | 6m / 12m | I-phosphoric acid |
| 4″ | 114.3 | 40S | 6.02 | 16.1 | 6m / 12m | Imigqa ye-evaporator |
| 6″ | 168.3 | 40S | 7.11 | 28.3 | 6m / 12m | Indawo yokuphuma ye-FGD |
| 8″ | 219.1 | 40S | 8.18 | 42.6 | 12m | Umugqa omuncu ongaphandle kolwandle |
| 10″ | 273.0 | 40S | 9.27 | 60.3 | 12m | Ukuvuselelwa kwe-asidi |
| 12″ | 323.9 | 40S | 10.31 | 79.8 | 12m | Isihloko esiyinhloko se-asidi |
| 16″ | 406.4 | 40S | 12.70 | 123.4 | 12m | Ukucubungula kabusha kwenyukliya |
| 20″ | 508.0 | 40S | 15.09 | 183.5 | 12m | Ububanzi obukhulu |
| 24″ | 609.6 | 40S | 17.48 | 255.5 | 12m | Isicelo esikhethekile |
*Ubukhulu obungokwezifiso ngaphandle kwalezi zigaba buyatholakala. Amapayipi ahlanganisiwe e-N08825 adinga isikhathi eside sokuhola (ubuncane bezinsuku ezingu-60) ngenxa yokusetshenziswa okukhethekile kwe-strip/plate.*
5. Izindinganiso Nezigaba Ezivamile Ze-Nickel Alloy Ezikhiqizwe Yinsimbi YaseWomic
| Okujwayelekile | Amabanga Ensimbi/E-alloy | Isicelo Esijwayelekile | Inqubo Yokushisela |
| I-ASTM B705 | I-UNS N08825 (Incoloy 825) | I-sulfuric, i-phosphoric acid | I-EFW/LSAW/ERW |
| I-ASTM B709 | I-UNS N08825 | Ipayipi, i-heat exchanger | I-ERW |
| I-ASTM B619 | I-UNS N06022 (i-Hastelloy C-22), N10276 (C-276) | Kugqwala kakhulu | I-EFW/LSAW |
| I-ASTM B622 | I-UNS N06022, N10276 | Ukufaka amapayipi | I-ERW |
| I-ASTM B464 | I-UNS N08020 (i-Alloy engu-20) | I-asidi ye-sulfuric | I-EFW |
| I-ASTM B729 | I-UNS N08020 | Ukufaka amapayipi | I-ERW |
Ukusetshenziswa:Izitshalo ezine-asidi (H₂SO₄, H₃PO₄, HNO₃), ukucubungula kabusha kwe-nyukliya, isevisi yomuncu ongaphandle kolwandle, i-FGD, imikhumbi yamakhemikhali.
6. Inqubo Yokukhiqiza – Ipayipi Le-Nickel Alloy Elihlanganisiwe (ERW, EFW, LSAW)
Ukushisela i-nickel alloy kudinga ukulawulwa ngokucophelela kokufakwa kokushisa kanye nokwelashwa kokushisa ngemva kokushisela ukuze kulondolozwe ukumelana nokugqwala. I-Alloy 825 iqiniswe nge-titanium, kodwa ukufakwa kokushisa ngokweqile kungabangela ukuzwela noma ukuhlukaniswa.
Inqubo ye-ERW (yokushisela ukumelana nogesi) – Ububanzi obuncane kuya kobuphakathi (6.35–610mm OD):
●Ukuhlolwa Kwezinto Ezingavuthiwe (Umugqa/Ikhoyili):Umugqa we-alloy we-nickel oqinisekisiwe ngokwakheka kwe-N08825 (Ni 38-46%, Cr 19.5-23.5%, Mo 2.5-3.5%, Cu 1.5-3.0%, Ti 0.6-1.2%). Ikhoyili ngayinye inenombolo yokushisa ehlukile enokulandelela okugcwele.
●Ukuvula Nokulinganisa
●Ukusikwa Kwemicu Emaphethelweni
●Ukwakheka:Ukwakheka kokugoqa okuqhubekayo.
●Ukushisela Okuvame Kakhulu:Ukufakwa kokushisa okuphansi (≤ 1.2 kJ/mm) ukuvimbela ukuhlukaniswa. Ukushisela emoyeni ongasebenzi kahle (ukuvikela i-argon) ukugwema ukushiswa.
●Ukubopha Umthungo:Ukufakwa kwe-induction kulandelwe ukupholisa okusheshayo.
●Usayizi Nokuqondisa
●Ukusika Kuze Kube Bude
●I-NDT:Ukuhlolwa kwamanje kwe-Eddy (100%) + i-UT ongayikhetha.
●Isixazululo Sokunamathisela (Ipayipi Eligcwele):980-1040°C, isicisha-manzi (noma ukupholisa umoya ngokushesha). Kuyadingeka ekubuyiseleni ukumelana nokugqwala.
●Ukuhlolwa Kwamanzi
●Ukukhahlela kanye nokudlulisa ulaka(kusetshenziswa ingxube ekhethekile ye-asidi kuma-alloy e-nickel)
●Ukuhlolwa kwe-PMI (XRF) kanye ne-Ferrite (akukho ferrite ku-nickel alloy)
●Ukuhlolwa Kokugcina Nokumaka
Inqubo ye-EFW (Electric Fusion Welding) – Ububanzi obukhulu (219–1219mm OD, 4.0–50mm WET):
●Ukulungiselela Ipuleti:Ipuleti le-alloy le-nickel, imiphetho egobile (i-X bevel).
●Ukwakha Ama-Roll
●Ukushisela Amathegi
●I-TIG (GTAW) Root Pass:Insimbi yokugcwalisa ehambisanayo (i-ERNiCrMo-3 noma i-ERNiCrMo-10), igesi esekela i-argon ene-oxygen getter.
●Amaphasi Okugcwalisa i-SAW kanye Nesivalo:Ukufakwa kokushisa okuphansi (≤ 1.5 kJ/mm), izinga lokushisa lokudlulisa phakathi ≤ 150°C. Ukugeleza okukhethekile kwama-alloy e-nickel (i-sulfur ephansi).
●Ukushintshwa Kwangaphakathi (kobubanzi obukhulu)
●100% RT + UT(ngokwe-ASTM B775)
●Isixazululo Sokumboza:Ukwelashwa kokushisa kwamapayipi okuphelele (980-1040°C), isicisha-manzi.
●Ukukhahlela kanye nokudlulisa ulaka
●Ukuhlolwa Kwamanzi
●Ukuhlolwa kwe-PMI kanye nobukhulu
●Ukumaka
Inqubo ye-LSAW yama-Nickel Alloys – Ububanzi obukhulu kakhulu (406–1524mm OD, 6.0–50mm WIT):
● U-UOE noma i-JCOE eyakha ipuleti le-nickel alloy
● Ukushisela kwe-SAW okunezinhlangothi ezimbili okunokufakwa kokushisa okuphansi
● Ukufakwa kwesisombululo esigcwele ngemva kokushisela
Amaphuzu Okulawula Abalulekile Okushisela i-N08825:
● Okokufaka ukushisa: ≤ 1.5 kJ/mm (okuhlosiwe ≤ 1.2 kJ/mm)
● Izinga lokushisa lokungena phakathi: ≤ 150°C
● Igesi yokuvikela: i-Argon (100%) ye-TIG; i-argon + i-helium ye-SAW
● Ukuhlanza: Ukususa amafutha ngokuqinile ngaphambi kokushisela (i-nickel alloys ezwela isibabule kanye nomthofu)
● Ukufakwa kwesisombululo: 980-1040°C, i-water quench – iyimpoqo.
● Ayikho i-ferrite ensimbini yokushisela (ukushisela kwe-nickel alloy ku-austenitic ngokuphelele)
7. Izinqubo Zokulawula Ikhwalithi Nokuhlola ze-ASTM B705 UNS N08825 Welded Nickel Alloy Pipe
| Isiteji | Indlela Yokuhlola | Inhloso |
| Impahla eluhlaza | Ukuhlaziywa Kwamakhemikhali (OES noma ICP) | Qinisekisa imikhawulo ye-N08825 (Ni, Cr, Mo, Cu, Ti, Fe) |
| Impahla eluhlaza | Ukuhlolwa Kokunamathela | Isivuno ≥ 240 MPa, Ukuthambekela ≥ 550 MPa |
| Impahla eluhlaza | Ubulukhuni | 75-85 HRB ejwayelekile |
| Impahla eluhlaza | Ukuhlolwa Kokugqwala (ASTM G28) | Ukumelana nokugqwala okuphakathi kwe-granular (kwenkonzo ye-asidi ebalulekile) |
| Kusenqubo | Ukuqapha Ukufakwa Kokushisa | ≤ 1.5 kJ/mm |
| Kusenqubo | Izinga lokushisa eliphakathi nendawo | ≤ 150°C |
| Ukushisela (ERW) | I-Eddy Current (100%) | Ubuqotho be-Weld |
| Ukushisela (EFW/LSAW) | I-UT engu-100% (noma i-PAUT) | Thola amaphutha okushisela |
| Ukushisela (EFW/LSAW) | I-RT (10-100% ngencazelo ngayinye) | Ikhwalithi yokushisela |
| Ukushisela | I-Dye Penetrant (PT) | Imifantu engaphezulu |
| Ngemuva kwe-Annealing yesisombululo | Ukuhlolwa Kokuqina | Qinisekisa isimo sesisombululo esifakwe i-anneal |
| Ipayipi Eliqediwe | Ukuhlolwa Kwamanzi | Ubuqotho bengcindezi |
| Ipayipi Eliqediwe | I-PMI (XRF) | Qinisekisa izinga (Ni, Cr, Mo) |
| Ipayipi Eliqediwe | Ukuhlolwa Kokugqwala (Umkhuba we-ASTM G28 A) | Ukumelana kwe-IGC (uma kuchaziwe) |
| Ipayipi Eliqediwe | Okubonakalayo Nokumaka | Ukulandelela |
Izivivinyo Ongazikhethela Zesevisi Ebucayi:
● I-ASTM G28 Practice A (50% H₂SO₄ – i-ferric sulfate) yokumelana nokugqwala kwe-intergranular
● Ukuhlolwa komgodi we-ASTM G48 (ku-FeCl₃, 6% ku-40°C) kokumelana nomgodi we-chloride
● Ukuhlolwa kwe-HIC/SSC kwesevisi emuncu (NACE TM0284, TM0177)
● Ukuhlolwa kokuqina kwezinga lokushisa eliphakeme (isb., ku-300°C)
● Ukulinganiswa kwe-Ferrite (kufanele kube < 1% kuma-alloy e-nickel)
8. Izicelo Eziyinhloko – Ipayipi Le-Alloy Le-ASTM B705 UNS N08825 Elihlanganisiwe le-Nickel Alloy
●Izitshalo ze-sulfuric acid:Ukuphatha i-oleum (H₂SO₄ + SO₃), i-asidi egxilile (96-98%), i-asidi encibilikisiwe (5-10%), kanye namapayipi okupholisa ane-asidi. Kuthatha indawo yezinsimbi ezingagqwali ezigqwala ngokushesha.
●Ukukhiqizwa kwe-phosphoric acid (inqubo emanzi):Ama-evaporator, ama-flash cooler, kanye namapayipi okuphatha i-phosphoric acid enama-chloride nama-fluoride. I-Alloy 825 imelana nezimo zoku-oxidation kanye nezinciphisayo.
●Ukucubungula kabusha uphethiloli wenyukliya:Ukuphatha uphethiloli wenuzi osetshenzisiwe oncibilikiswe ku-nitric acid nge-fluoride. I-N08825 imelana nokugqwala kule ndawo enolaka kakhulu (esetshenziswa ezitshalweni ze-Magnox ne-THORP).
●Isevisi yokuphuza utshwala olwandle:Ukukhiqizwa kukawoyela negesi okunengcindezi ephezulu yengxenye ye-H₂S (kufika ku-10 bar) kuhlanganiswe nama-chloride aphezulu kanye namazinga okushisa afinyelela ku-200°C. I-NACE MR0175 ifanelekile.
●Ukupholisa amanzi olwandle (izinga lokushisa eliphakeme):Izinhlelo zamanzi okupholisa ezindaweni zokuhluza ezisogwini kanye nasezikhungweni zikagesi lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi olwandle lidlula khona u-45°C (lapho u-2205 ngisho ne-super duplex zingase zibe khona). I-N08825 imelana nokufakwa kwemigodi kufika ku-80°C.
●Amapayipi okukhipha igesi yokuhlanza i-flue gas (FGD):Ngaphansi kwezifutho lapho kukhona khona amagesi e-asidi agcwele i-chloride emanzi. I-Alloy 825 iyindlela ejwayelekile yokuxhuma amapayipi okukhipha kanye nama-stack liner.
●Amathangi amakhemikhali:Amapayipi emithwalo yamakhemikhali anolaka afaka phakathi i-sulfuric acid, i-phosphoric acid, nama-organic acid. I-N08825 ivunyelwe yizinkampani ezinkulu zokuthumela amakhemikhali.
●Izitshalo zokugaya nokuvuselela i-asidi:I-Hydrochloric acid (incibilikisiwe) kanye nemigqa yokugaya i-asidi exubile ukuze kukhiqizwe insimbi engagqwali.
●Ukwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile:Imfucuza yezimboni egqwala kakhulu ivela ezitshalweni zamakhemikhali (ama-acid axubile, izinsimbi ezisindayo, ama-chloride).
9. Ukupakisha Nokuthumela – Ipayipi Le-ASTM B705 UNS N08825 Le-Welded Nickel Alloy
Ukupakisha:
●Ukuvikelwa kokungagqwali:Ukugoqa ngepulasitiki noma iphepha le-VCI. Ukuze kusetshenziswe amakhemikhali, akuvunyelwe ukusala kwamafutha (ukupakishwa okuhlanzekile).
●Iziqephu zokugcina:Izigqoko zepulasitiki ezisindayo (ezinemibala – ngokuvamile ezi-orenji ze-N08825).
●Ukuhlanganisa (Ububanzi obuncane):Ipayipi ngalinye ligoqwe ngalinye, bese lihlanganiswa ngezintambo ezingezona ezensimbi (gwema ukuthintana kwezintambo zensimbi ukuze kuvinjelwe ukungcola).
●Ukupakisha ngakunye (Ububanzi obukhulu):Ifilimu yepulasitiki egoqwe ngamasongo e-foam phakathi kwamapayipi.
●Amabhokisi ezinkunikwezicelo ezibalulekile (zenuzi, zemithi).
Ukuthunyelwa:
● Izitsha ze-≤ 610mm, ezikhululekile ngobukhulu obukhulu.
●Imibhalo:I-MTC 3.1/3.2 (EN 10204), umbiko wokuhlolwa kwamanzi, imibiko ye-UT/RT, umbiko we-PMI, umbiko wokuhlolwa kokugqwala (ASTM G28 uma kuchaziwe), umbiko wobukhulu, uhlu lokupakisha, i-COO. Ukulandelela okugcwele kusukela enombolweni yokushisa kuya epayipini eliqediwe.
10. Izinzuzo ze-Womic Steel kanye ne-FAQ - Ipayipi le-ASTM B705 UNS N08825 le-Welded Nickel Alloy
Kungani Ubambisana Nensimbi Yomthambo We-N08825 Welded Pipe?
● Ububanzi Bosayizi Ophelele: ERW 1/4″ – 24″, EFW/LSAW 8″ – 48″.
● Ukufakwa kwesisombululo esigcwele ngemva kokushisela (980-1040°C, i-water quench).
● Ukuhlolwa kokugqwala kwe-intergranular ngokwe-ASTM G28 kuyatholakala (kuyadingeka ukuze kusetshenziswe i-asidi).
● Isitifiketi se-NACE MR0175 sesevisi emuncu.
● Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi okuqinile – akukho ferrite ensimbini ehlanganisiwe.
● Izikhathi zokuncintisana zokuhola zamapayipi e-nickel alloy: izinsuku ezingama-60-75 ze-ERW, izinsuku ezingama-75-90 ze-EFW.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa (Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa) – Ipayipi Elihlanganisiwe le-ASTM B705 UNS N08825
U: Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Incoloy 825 (N08825) ne-Alloy 20 (N08020)?
A: Zombili zisetshenziselwa isevisi ye-sulfuric acid. I-Alloy 20 (N08020) ine-nickel ephansi (32-38%) kanye ne-chromium ephezulu (19-21%) enethusi. I-N08825 ine-nickel ephezulu (38-46%) kanye ne-molybdenum (2.5-3.5%) kanye nokuqina kwe-titanium. I-N08825 inokumelana okungcono ne-pitting kanye ne-chloride SCC futhi ifaneleka kakhulu isevisi emuncu (H₂S). I-Alloy 20 iyonga kakhulu i-phosphoric acid futhi inciphisa i-sulfuric acid ngaphandle kwama-chloride. I-N08825 ivame ukucaciswa ezimweni ezinolaka kakhulu.
Q: Ingabe i-N08825 imelana ne-sulfuric acid kuzo zonke izingxube?
A: Cha. I-N08825 ilungele kakhulu i-sulfuric acid efinyelela cishe ku-60% emazingeni okushisa afinyelela ku-100°C, kanye nokugcwala okuphakathi kuka-85-96% emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni. Ebangeni eliphakathi (60-85%) kanye namazinga okushisa aphezulu, amazinga okugqwala angaba phezulu. Ku-H₂SO₄ egxilile emazingeni okushisa aphezulu (> 90%, > 150°C), kungadingeka ama-alloy akhethekile njenge-Hastelloy C-276. Njalo hlola amashadi okugqwala ukuze uthole izimo ezithile.
Q: Ingabe i-N08825 idinga ukwelashwa kokushisa ngemva kokushiswa ngemva kokushiswa?
A: Eziningi zezicelo, i-N08825 ingasetshenziswa esimweni esifakwe njenge-welded ngoba ukuzinza kwe-titanium kuvimbela ukuzwela. Kodwa-ke, i-ASTM B705 idinga i-solution annealing (ukwelashwa kokushisa) yepayipi elihlanganisiwe ukuze ihlangabezane nezakhiwo zemishini kanye nokumelana nokugqwala. I-Womic yenza i-solution annealing kuwo wonke amapayipi ahlanganisiwe. Ukuze kufakwe i-field welding, akukho PWHT edingekayo ku-N08825.
Q: Yisiphi insimbi yokugcwalisa ukushisela enconyelwa i-N08825?
A: I-AWS A5.14 ERNiCrMo-3 (Inconel 625) noma i-ERNiCrMo-10 (Inconel 622) zivame ukusetshenziswa ekushiseni i-N08825. Isitsha esifanelana naso singaba yi-ERNiCrMo-3. I-Womic isebenzisa i-ERNiCrMo-3 ezinqubweni ze-EFW. Ekushiseni kwensimu, kunconywa isitsha esifanayo.
Q: Ingabe i-N08825 ingasetshenziswa ekuhlinzekeni amanzi olwandle?
A: Yebo. I-N08825 inokumelana okuhle kakhulu nokugqwala kwemigodi emanzini olwandle, ngisho noma amazinga okushisa aphezulu (kufika ku-80°C). Ivame ukukhethwa ukuze isetshenziswe ezinhlelweni zokupholisa amanzi olwandle ezindaweni zokuhluza kanye neziteshi zamandla ezisogwini lapho i-super duplex (2205) ingase ihlupheke khona ngemigodi emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Kodwa-ke, ezisetshenziswa kakhulu emanzini olwandle, i-duplex noma i-super duplex yanele futhi ingabizi kakhulu. I-N08825 ivame ukugcinelwa izinhlelo zamanzi olwandle ezinamakhemikhali engeziwe agqwalisayo (isb., amanzi olwandle ane-chlorine, ukungcola kwe-asidi).
Q: Ingabe i-N08825 ifanelekile kwisevisi ye-sour (H₂S)?
A: Yebo. I-N08825 iyafaneleka ngokwe-NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 yesevisi emuncu enengcindezi engaphelele ye-H₂S efika kubha eli-1 (15 psi) nangaphezulu, kuye ngokulawula ubulukhuni. Ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukubhoboza ipayipi elingaphansi komhlaba, imigqa yokugeleza, kanye namapayipi okucubungula ezindaweni zikawoyela negesi omuncu lapho i-duplex engu-2205 inganele ngenxa ye-H₂S ephezulu noma ama-chloride.
Q: Yisiphi isikhathi esijwayelekile sokuhola sepayipi elihlanganisiwe le-UNS N08825?
A: Izinsuku ezingama-60-75 ze-ERW (ububanzi obuncane kuya kobuphakathi), izinsuku ezingama-75-90 ze-EFW/LSAW (ububanzi obukhulu). Izikhathi zokuhola zinde kunezensimbi ezingagqwali ngoba umugqa/ipuleti le-alloy likhiqizwa ngobuningi obuncane ngezikhathi zokuhola ezinde zokugaya. Ukuhlolwa komuntu wesithathu kunezela izinsuku eziyi-7-14. Ama-oda okushesha (izinsuku ezingama-45-60) angase abe khona ngosayizi ojwayelekile uma impahla ikhona esitokweni.
Q: Lingakanani izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokusebenza le-N08825?
A: I-N08825 ingasetshenziswa ekusetshenzisweni okuqhubekayo kuze kufike ku-550°C (1020°F) ezindaweni ezingezona i-asidi. Ukuze uthole insizakalo egqwalisayo, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu linqunyelwe yi-corrodent. Ku-sulfuric acid, insizakalo ngokuvamile inqunyelwe ku-<100°C; ku-phosphoric acid kuze kufike ku-<150°C. Ukuze uthole insizakalo ye-oxidizing yokushisa okuphezulu, kunconywa ama-alloy ane-chromium ephezulu (njenge-Alloy 600, 601, noma 625).
Inkomba Yephrojekthi – I-North American Sulfuric Acid Plant Reboiler kanye Nokushintshwa Kwepayipi
Izwe:I-United States (eLouisiana, eGulf Coast chemical corridor)
Okujwayelekile kanye Nezinga:I-ASTM B705 UNS N08825 (Incoloy 825)
Ubukhulu kanye nobuningi:
● OD 219.1mm (8″) × Isheduli 40S (8.18mm WIT) – amamitha angu-600 (cishe amathani angu-20) – Inqubo ye-EFW
● OD 168.3mm (6″) × Isheduli 40S (7.11mm WIT) – amamitha angu-400 (cishe amathani ayi-10) – Inqubo ye-EFW
● OD 88.9mm (3″) × Ishejuli 40S (5.49mm WIT) – amamitha angu-800 (cishe amathani angu-8) – Inqubo ye-ERW
● OD 60.3mm (2″) × Isheduli 80S (5.54mm WIT) – amamitha ayi-1,000 (cishe amathani ayi-6) – Inqubo ye-ERW
Isiyonke:Amamitha angu-2,800, cishe amathani angu-44
Imininingwane:Isixazululo se-ASTM B705 UNS N08825 esifakwe emanzini futhi safakwa emanzini abandayo, sibekwe kahle. Ukuhlolwa kwe-hydrostatic. I-100% UT yamapayipi e-EFW, i-eddy current + UT ye-ERW. I-PMI kuwo wonke amapayipi. Ukuhlolwa kokugqwala okuphoqelekile kwe-intergranular ngokwe-ASTM G28 Practice A (indlela ye-ferric sulfate-sulfuric acid) – izinga lokugqwala < 10 mpy (mil ngonyaka). Ukuhlolwa kokumelana ne-hydrofluoric acid (okuqondene neklayenti). Ukuhlolwa komuntu wesithathu yi-SGS USA.
Isicelo:Ukufakwa esikhundleni kwamapayipi okuvuselela i-acid kanye nemigqa yenqubo ehambisanayo esitshalweni sokuvuselela i-sulfuric acid. Lesi sitshalo sibuyisa i-sulfuric acid esetshenzisiwe kusuka kumayunithi e-alkylation (ukuhlanza) ngokubola nokuvuselela ukushisa. Amapayipi aphatha i-sulfuric acid eshisayo (85-95% H₂SO₄) ku-150-200°C esigabeni sokuvuselela, kanye ne-dilute acid (5-10% H₂SO₄) ku-80-100°C esigabeni sokucima. Amapayipi e-Alloy 20 (N08020) adlule ahluleka ngemva kweminyaka engu-4 ngenxa yokugqwala kanye nokuqhekeka kwe-intergranular. I-N08825 yakhethwa ngenxa yokumelana kwayo okuphezulu kokubili ne-concentrated kanye ne-dilute acid, kanye nokuqina kwayo kwe-titanium.
Izinselele Zobuchwepheshe Nezixazululo:
●I-asidi ye-sulfuric egxilile eshisa kakhulu (85-95%, 150-200°C)– I-Alloy engu-20 iyagqwala ngamanani angaphezu kuka-50 mpy ngaphansi kwalezi zimo. I-N08825 enesimo sesisombululo esifakwe i-anneal kanye ne-metallurgy efanele inikeze izinga lokugqwala < 5 mpy ekuhlolweni kwe-ASTM G28 kanye nasesixazululweni senqubo esilingisiwe seklayenti (85% H₂SO₄ ku-180°C, amahora angu-336). I-Womic inikeze imibiko yokuhlola imishini kanye namakhuphoni okuhlola ukugqwala.
●Ingozi yokugqwala phakathi kwezinhlamvu ngemuva kokushisela– Nakuba i-N08825 iqiniswe yi-titanium, ukufakwa kokushisa okungafanele ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza kungabangela imvula ye-chromium carbide emingceleni yokusanhlamvu. Ukufakwa kokushisa okulawulwa yi-Womic okufakwe ku-≤ 1.2 kJ/mm futhi kwenziwe i-annealing ephelele yesisombululo ngemva kokushisela. Ukuhlolwa kwe-ASTM G28 kumasampula okushisela kubonise izinga lokugqwala elingu-4-7 mpy (ngaphansi kakhulu komkhawulo we-10 mpy).
●Iziqu zenqubo yokushisela yasensimini– Ithimba lokulungisa izitshalo kwakudingeka lenze ukulungiswa kwensimu. I-Womic inikeze amakhuphoni angu-20 okushisela angu-6″ Schedule 40S ane-WPS enconywayo: GTAW ene-ERNiCrMo-3 filler, i-100% argon backing, i-interpass ≤ 150°C. Amakhuphoni aphumelele ukuhlolwa kwe-radiographic, PT, kanye ne-ASTM G28. Ithimba lokushisela leklayenti liqinisekisile inqubo.
●Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-PMI - ukuhlukanisa i-N08825 kuma-alloy aphansi– Ingozi yokuxuba i-N08825 ne-Alloy 825 (i-UNS efanayo) uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Alloy 625 (ukwakheka okuhlukile). I-Womic yenze i-XRF kuwo wonke amapayipi futhi yafaka ilebula ngalinye ngamathegi anombala (orenji ku-825). Akukho ukuxubana okwenzekile.
●Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla ngesikhathi sokuguqulwa okuhleliwe (ukuvalwa kwamasonto amane)– Amapayipi athunyelwa esuka eShanghai aya eNew Orleans, abe esethuthwa ngamaloli aya endaweni yaseLouisiana. Wonke amathani angu-44 alethwa ezinsukwini eziyi-10 ngaphambi kokuqala kokulungiswa. I-Womic inikeze izitifiketi zomshini wokugaya eziqinisekisiwe (EN 10204 Type 3.2) kanye nemibiko yokuhlolwa kokugqwala kusengaphambili ukuze kuvunyelwe i-QA yeklayenti.
Umphumela:Isitshalo sokuvuselela i-asidi saqalwa kabusha ngempumelelo ngemva kokulungiswa. Ngemva kwezinyanga ezingu-12 zokusebenza, ukuhlolwa kwamapayipi e-N08825 akubonisanga ukugqwala okulinganiselwe, ukuqhekeka, kanye nokuhlaselwa okuphakathi kwe-granular. Iklayenti lilinganisele ukuthi amapayipi amasha azohlala iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-15 (uma kuqhathaniswa neminyaka engu-4 ye-Alloy 20). I-Womic Steel ingeziwe ohlwini lwezinto ezivunyiwe zesitshalo ukuze kufakwe esikhundleni sesevisi ye-asidi yesikhathi esizayo.
Xhumana:
Iwebhusayithi: www.womicsteel.com
I-imeyili: sales@womicsteel.com
Ucingo / WhatsApp / WeChat:
UVictor: +86 15575100681
UJack: +86 18390957568
Insimbi Yom-Womic – Umlingani wakho othembekile wamapayipi e-alloy e-nickel e-ASTM B705 UNS N08825 ahlanganisiwe ezitshalo ze-sulfuric ne-phosphoric acid, ukucubungula kabusha kwe-nuclear, isevisi ye-sour yasolwandle, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamanzi olwandle okushisa okuphezulu emhlabeni jikelele.
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