1. Insimbi Yomdabu: Amakhono Okukhiqiza kanye Namandla Enkampani
I-Womic Steel Group ingumkhiqizi ovelele kanye nomthengisi wangaphandle emhlabeni jikelele onolwazi olungaphezu kweminyaka engama-20 ekukhiqizeni amapayipi e-alloy amelana nokugqwala. Isikhungo sethu esikhethekile sokukhiqiza amapayipi e-904L ahlanganisiwe sisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuningi obuthuthukisiwe bokushisela ngokulawula okuqinile kokufakwa kokushisa kanye nokwelashwa kokushisa ngemva kokushiswa:
● Umugqa we-ERW (Ukushisela Ukumelana Nogesi):Kumadayamitha asukela ku-6.35mm kuya ku-610mm (1/4″ – 24″), ubukhulu bodonga busukela ku-0.5mm kuya ku-12.7mm. Ukushisela okuvama kakhulu okunokufakwa kokushisa okuphansi (≤ 1.2 kJ/mm) ukugwema ukuhlukaniswa kokuqukethwe kwe-alloy ephezulu. Kuhle kakhulu kumapayipi angu-904L amancane kuya kwaphakathi.
●Umugqa we-EFW (Electric Fusion Welding):Kumadayamitha asukela ku-219mm kuya ku-1219mm (8″ – 48″), ubukhulu bodonga busukela ku-4.0mm kuya ku-40mm. I-TIG (GTAW) root pass ene-SAW fill passes, kusetshenziswa i-filler metal efanayo (ERNiCrMo-3 noma ER385).
●Umugqa we-LSAW / SAWL we-High Alloy:Kububanzi obusukela ku-406mm kuya ku-1219mm (16″ – 48″), ubukhulu bodonga bufika ku-40mm. Ukushisela kwe-arc okucwiliswe emanzini kwamapuleti angu-904L agoqiwe ngokufakwa kokushisa okulawulwayo.
Wonke amapayipi ahlanganisiwe angu-904L afakwa ekufakweni kwesisombululo (ukwelashwa ngokushisa) ku-1050-1150°C kulandelwe ukucima amanzi ukuze kuncibilikiswe noma yiziphi izigaba zesibili futhi kubuyiselwe ukumelana nokugqwala, kulandelwe ukuthosa kanye nokudlulisa amanzi ngezingxube ezikhethekile ze-asidi.
Izitifiketi Zekhwalithi Nokuhambisana Nemithetho:
●Isitifiketi se-ISO 9001:2015
●I-PED 2014/68/EU (CE Marking) yemishini yokucindezela
●Isitifiketi se-EN 10204 3.2 esinokuqinisekiswa okuvela eceleni (TÜV, BV, SGS, LR)
●Ukuhlolwa Kweqembu Lesithathu (TPI) okuvunyelwe yi-SGS, BV, ABS, DNV, TÜV
●I-NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 yesevisi emuncu (H₂S) uma iceliwe
●Ikhodi ye-ASME Boiler kanye ne-Pressure Vessel (Isigaba VIII, Isigaba 1) uma iceliwe
I-Womic Steel inikeza amapayipi ahlanganisiwe angu-904L emazweni angaphezu kuka-30 ezimbonini zamakhemikhali, zasolwandle kanye nezasogwini.
Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kokukhiqiza:
●I-ERW: 6.35–610mm OD × 0.5–12.7mm Isisindo × ≤ 12m
●I-EFW: 219–1219mm OD × 4.0–40mm WIT × ≤ 12m (inde uma uyicela)
●I-LSAW: 406–1219mm OD × 6.0–40mm Isisindo × ≤ 18m
●Izinketho zokuqeda: Okufakwe emanzini abandayo nokufakwe emanzini abandayo, okufakwe emanzini abandayo akhanyayo (okwepayipi elincane)
2. I-ASTM B673 UNS N08904: Ukwakheka Kwezinto Nezimpawu Zokusebenza
I-UNS N08904 (904L) iyinsimbi engagqwali e-super austenitic ene-nickel ephezulu (23-28%), i-chromium ephezulu (19-23%), i-molybdenum (4-5%), kanye nethusi (1-2%). Ukwengezwa kwethusi kunikeza ukumelana okumangalisayo kokunciphisa ama-asidi njenge-sulfuric ne-phosphoric acid. I-molybdenum ephezulu kanye ne-chromium kunikeza ukumelana okuhle kakhulu kwemigodi ezindaweni ze-chloride. I-904L ivame ukusetshenziswa njengendlela ehlukile engabizi kakhulu kune-nickel alloys ezimweni ezinolaka oluphakathi.
Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali (Ukuhlaziywa Kwezindebe, % ngobuningi):
| Isici | I-UNS N08904 (904L) | 316L (ukuqhathanisa) |
| C | ≤ 0.020 | ≤ 0.030 |
| Mn | ≤ 2.00 | ≤ 2.00 |
| P | ≤ 0.040 | ≤ 0.045 |
| S | ≤ 0.030 | ≤ 0.030 |
| Si | ≤ 1.00 | ≤ 1.00 |
| Cr | 19.0 – 23.0 | 16.0 – 18.0 |
| Ni | 23.0 – 28.0 | 10.0 – 14.0 |
| Mo | 4.0 – 5.0 | 2.0 – 3.0 |
| Cu | 1.0 – 2.0 | — |
| Fe | Ibhalansi | Ibhalansi |
Izakhiwo Zomshini (Izinga Lokushisa Legumbi, Isixazululo Esihlanganisiwe):
| Impahla | I-UNS N08904 (904L) |
| Amandla Okukhiqiza (ubuncane, isilinganiso esingu-0.2%) | 220 MPa (31,900 psi) |
| Amandla Okudonsa (iminithi) | I-490 MPa (71,100 psi) |
| Ukwelulwa (isilinganiso esincane, esingu-50mm) | 35% |
| Ubulukhuni (ubuningi) | 90 HRB |
Izakhiwo Ezibonakalayo:
Ubuningi: 8.00 g/cm³
I-Modulus of Elasticity: 195 GPa (28.3 × 10⁶ psi)
Ukushisa Okuphezulu: 12.0 W/m·K ku-100°
Isilinganiso Sokwanda Kokushisa: 15.4 × 10⁻⁶/°C (20-100°C)Ukumelana Nokugqwala:
Inombolo Elinganayo Yokumelana Ne-Pitting (PREN) = Cr% + 3.3(Mo%) + 16(N%) ≈ 35-40 (vs 316L PREN 24-26)
Ukumelana okuhle kakhulu ne-sulfuric acid kulo lonke ububanzi bokuhlushwa (kufika ku-90% emazingeni okushisa aphakathi nendawo)
Ukumelana okuvelele ne-phosphoric acid (inqubo emanzi) equkethe ama-chloride nama-fluoride
Ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nokugqwala kwemigodi kanye nemifantu ezindaweni ze-chloride
Ukumelana okuhle nokugqwala kwe-intergranular ngemva kokushisela (ikhabhoni ephansi)
Ifanelekela isevisi emuncu (NACE MR0175) ngokwelashwa okushisa okufanele
Imikhawulo Yokugqwala (Okulinganiselwa):
● I-asidi ye-sulfuric (H₂SO₄): kufika ku-90% ku-50°C; kufika ku-70% ku-100°C
● I-Hydrochloric acid (HCl): inqunyelwe ukuncibilikisa (< 5%) ekushiseni kwegumbi
● I-Phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄): inhle kakhulu kufika ku-85% ku-100°C
● I-Acetic acid: inhle kakhulu kuzo zonke izingxube
● Amanzi olwandle: amahle kakhulu emazingeni okushisa afinyelela ku-50°C
3. Ukuhambisana Nobubanzi Nokulinganisa Kwezindinganiso
| Into | Imininingwane |
| Okujwayelekile | I-ASTM B673 / ASME SB-673 (ipayipi elishiselwe) |
| Izinqubo Zokukhiqiza | I-ERW, i-EFW, i-LSAW |
| Ububanzi Bobubanzi Bangaphandle | ERW: 6.35 - 610mm; EFW/LSAW: 219 – 1219mm |
| Ububanzi Bokujiya Kodonga | ERW: 0.5 - 12.7mm; I-EFW/LSAW: 4.0 – 40mm |
| Ibanga Lokuhlela | Ama-5S, ama-10S, ama-40S (e-NPS 1/8″ – 48″) |
| Ibanga Lobude | Okujwayelekile: 6m; Okunwetshiwe: 12m, 18m, kufika ku-18m |
| Ukuqeda Ukuqeda | Isiphetho Esilula (PE), Isiphetho Esibekiwe (BE) |
| Ukuqedwa Komphezulu | Okufakwe Futhi Okufakwe Amanzi, Okufakwe Amanzi Okugqamile |
| Ukubekezelelana | I-OD: ±0.5% noma ±3.2mm; Isisindo: ±12.5% (nge-ASTM B775 ngayinye); Ubude: +50mm / -0mm |
4. Ubukhulu Nemininingwane Etholakalayo – Ipayipi Lensimbi Engagqwali Elihlanganisiwe le-ASTM B673 UNS N08904 (Osayizi Abajwayelekile Abakhethiwe)
| I-NPS | I-OD (mm) | Ishejuli | Isisindo (mm) | Isisindo (kg/m) | Ubude Obujwayelekile | Isicelo Esijwayelekile |
| 1/2″ | 21.3 | 10S | 2.11 | 1.00 | 6m | Ukulinganisa kwamakhemikhali |
| 3/4″ | 26.7 | 10S | 2.11 | 1.28 | 6m | Umugqa wezinsimbi zomculo |
| 1″ | 33.4 | 10S | 2.77 | 2.09 | 6m | Ukudla kwe-asidi |
| 1-1/2″ | 48.3 | 10S | 2.77 | 3.11 | 6m | Umugqa we-asidi ye-sulfuric |
| 2″ | 60.3 | 10S | 2.77 | 3.93 | 6m / 12m | Umugqa wenqubo |
| 3″ | 88.9 | 10S | 3.05 | 6.46 | 6m / 12m | Ukudluliswa kwe-asidi |
| 4″ | 114.3 | 10S | 3.05 | 8.37 | 6m / 12m | I-phosphoric acid |
| 6″ | 168.3 | 10S | 3.40 | 13.8 | 6m / 12m | Ukupholisa amanzi olwandle |
| 8″ | 219.1 | 10S | 3.76 | 20.0 | 12m | Umugqa omuncu ongaphandle kolwandle |
| 10″ | 273.0 | 10S | 4.19 | 27.8 | 12m | Indawo yokuphuma ye-FGD |
| 12″ | 323.9 | 10S | 4.57 | 36.0 | 12m | Ikhemikhali eyinhloko |
| 16″ | 406.4 | 10S | 4.78 | 47.4 | 12m | Ububanzi obukhulu |
*Ubukhulu obungokwezifiso ngaphandle kwalezi zigaba buyatholakala. Amapayipi ahlanganisiwe angu-904L adinga isikhathi eside sokuhola (ubuncane bezinsuku ezingu-60) ngenxa yokusetshenziswa okukhethekile kwe-strip/plate.*
5. Izindinganiso Nezigaba Ezivamile Ze-Super Austenitic Ezikhiqizwe yi-Womic Steel
| Okujwayelekile | Amabanga Ensimbi/E-alloy | Isicelo Esijwayelekile | Inqubo Yokushisela |
| I-ASTM B673 | I-UNS N08904 (904L) | I-sulfuric/phosphorus acid, amanzi olwandle | I-EFW/LSAW/ERW |
| I-ASTM B674 | I-UNS N08904 (engenamthungo) | Amapayipi okucindezela | - |
| I-ASTM B677 | I-UNS N08904 | Ipayipi elingenamthungo | - |
| I-EN 10217-7 | 1.4539 (904L) | Izinjongo zokucindezela, i-super austenitic | I-SAW/ERW |
| I-ASTM A312 | I-UNS N08367 (AL-6XN), S31254 (254 SMO) | Amanzi olwandle, i-FGD | I-EFW/LSAW |
Ukusetshenziswa:Izitshalo ze-sulfuric acid, ukukhiqizwa kwe-phosphoric acid, izinhlelo ze-FGD, ukupholisa amanzi olwandle (izinga lokushisa eliphakeme), imikhumbi yamakhemikhali, isevisi yomswakama ongaphandle kolwandle.
6. Inqubo Yokukhiqiza – Ipayipi Lensimbi Engagqwali Elihlanganisiwe (ERW, EFW, LSAW)
Ukushisela i-904L kudinga ukulawulwa ngokucophelela kokufakwa kokushisa kanye nokwelashwa kokushisa ngemva kokushisela ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo okuphezulu kwe-alloy. Ithusi kanye ne-molybdenum kwenza i-alloy ithambekele ekuhlukaniseni uma ukupholisa kuhamba kancane kakhulu.
Inqubo ye-ERW (yokushisela ukumelana nogesi) – Ububanzi obuncane kuya kobuphakathi (6.35–610mm OD):
●Ukuhlolwa Kwezinto Ezingavuthiwe (Umugqa/Ikhoyili):I-strip engu-904L iqinisekisiwe ukuthi ihlanganiswe (Ni 23-28%, Cr 19-23%, Mo 4-5%, Cu 1-2%). Ikhoyili ngayinye inenombolo yokushisa ehlukile.
●Ukuvula Nokulinganisa
●Ukusikwa Kwemicu Emaphethelweni
●Ukwakheka:Ukwakheka kokugoqa okuqhubekayo.
●Ukushisela Okuvame Kakhulu:Ukufakwa kokushisa okuphansi (≤ 1.2 kJ/mm) ukugwema ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Cu/Mo. Ukushisela emoyeni ongasebenzi kahle.
●Ukubopha Umthungo:Ukufakwa kwe-induction kulandelwe yi-water quench.
●Usayizi Nokuqondisa
●Ukusika Kuze Kube Bude
●I-NDT:Ukuhlolwa kwamanje kwe-Eddy (100%) + i-UT ongayikhetha.
●Isixazululo Sokunamathisela (Ipayipi Eligcwele):1050-1150°C, isicisha-manzi. Kuyadingeka ekuncibilikiseni izigaba zesibili.
●Ukuhlolwa Kwamanzi
●Ukukhahlela kanye nokudlulisa ulaka(i-asidi exubile ekhethekile ye-alloy ephezulu)
●Ukuhlolwa kwe-PMI (XRF) kanye nokuqina
●Ukuhlolwa Kokugcina Nokumaka
Inqubo ye-EFW (Electric Fusion Welding) – Ububanzi obukhulu (219–1219mm OD, 4.0–40mm WIT):
●Ukulungiselela Ipuleti:Ipuleti elingu-904L, imiphetho egobile (i-X bevel).
●Ukwakha Ama-Roll
●Ukushisela Amathegi
●I-TIG (GTAW) Root Pass:Isigcwalisi esifanisayo (i-ERNiCrMo-3 noma i-ER385), igesi esekela i-argon.
●Amaphasi Okugcwalisa i-SAW kanye Nesivalo:Okokufaka ukushisa ≤ 1.5 kJ/mm, izinga lokushisa lokudlulisa phakathi ≤ 120°C. Uketshezi olukhethekile olune-sulfur ephansi.
●Ukushintshwa Kwangaphakathi
●Ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray okungu-100% + UT(ngokwe-ASTM B775)
●Isixazululo Sokumboza:Ukwelashwa kokushisa kwamapayipi okuphelele (1050-1150°C), isicisha-manzi.
●Ukukhahlela kanye nokudlulisa ulaka
●Ukuhlolwa Kwamanzi
●Ukuhlolwa kwe-PMI kanye nobukhulu
●Ukumaka
Inqubo ye-LSAW ye-High Alloy – Ububanzi obukhulu kakhulu (406–1219mm OD, 6.0–40mm WET):
● UOE noma i-JCOE yakhiwa ngepuleti elingu-904L
● Ukushisela kwe-SAW okunezinhlangothi ezimbili ngokulawula okuqinile kokufaka ukushisa
● Ukufakwa kwesisombululo esigcwele ngemva kokushisela
Amaphuzu Okulawula Abalulekile Okushisela Okungu-904L:
● Okokufaka ukushisa: ≤ 1.5 kJ/mm (okuhlosiwe ≤ 1.2 kJ/mm)
● Izinga lokushisa lokungena phakathi: ≤ 120°
● Igesi yokuvikela: I-Argon engu-100% ene-oxygen getter
● Ukufakwa kwesisombululo: 1050-1150°C, i-water quench – iyimpoqo
● Ukukha: Ingxube ekhethekile ye-asidi yama-alloy amaningi e-chromium/nickel
7. Izinqubo Zokulawula Ikhwalithi Nokuhlola ze-ASTM B673 UNS N08904 Ipayipi Lensimbi Engagqwali Elihlanganisiwe
| Isiteji | Indlela Yokuhlola | Inhloso |
| Impahla eluhlaza | Ukuhlaziywa Kwamakhemikhali (OES noma ICP) | Qinisekisa i-N08904 (Ni 23-28%, Cr 19-23%, Mo 4-5%, Cu 1-2%) |
| Impahla eluhlaza | Ukuhlolwa Kokunamathela | Isivuno ≥ 220 MPa, Ukuthambekela ≥ 490 MPa |
| Impahla eluhlaza | Ukuhlolwa Kokugqwala (ASTM G28) | Ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-intergranular (kwenkonzo ye-asidi) |
| Impahla eluhlaza | Ukubalwa kwe-PREN | Qinisekisa ukuthi i-PREN ≥ 35 |
| Kusenqubo | Ukuqapha Ukufakwa Kokushisa | ≤ 1.5 kJ/mm |
| Kusenqubo | Izinga lokushisa eliphakathi nendawo | ≤ 120°C |
| Ukushisela (ERW) | I-Eddy Current (100%) | Ubuqotho be-Weld |
| Ukushisela (EFW/LSAW) | I-UT engu-100% (noma i-PAUT) | Thola amaphutha okushisela |
| Ukushisela (EFW/LSAW) | I-RT (10-100% ngencazelo ngayinye) | Ikhwalithi yokushisela |
| Ukushisela | I-Dye Penetrant (PT) | Imifantu engaphezulu |
| Ngemuva kwe-Annealing yesisombululo | Ukuhlolwa Kokuqina | ≤ 90 HRB |
| Ngemuva kwe-Annealing yesisombululo | Isakhiwo Esincane (ASTM E407) | Akukho sigma, chi, noma izigaba zesibili |
| Ipayipi Eliqediwe | Ukuhlolwa Kwamanzi | Ubuqotho bengcindezi |
| Ipayipi Eliqediwe | I-PMI (XRF) | Qinisekisa ibanga (Ni, Cr, Mo, Cu) |
| Ipayipi Eliqediwe | Ukuhlolwa Kokugqwala Kokubhoboza (ASTM G48) | Qinisekisa ukumelana nomgodi (uma kuchaziwe) |
| Ipayipi Eliqediwe | Okubonakalayo Nokumaka | Ukulandelela |
Izivivinyo Ongazikhethela Zesevisi Ebucayi:
● I-ASTM G28 Practice A (i-ferric sulfate-sulfuric acid) yokugqwala kwe-intergranular
● Ukuhlolwa kwe-ASTM G48 pitting ku-FeCl₃ (6% ku-40°C) kwesevisi yamanzi olwandle
● Ukuhlolwa kwe-HIC/SSC kwesevisi emuncu (NACE TM0284, TM0177)
● Ukuhlolwa kwe-Copper sulfate kokunciphisa ukumelana ne-asidi
8. Izicelo Eziyinhloko – Ipayipi Lensimbi Engagqwali Elihlanganisiwe le-ASTM B673 UNS N08904
●Izitshalo ze-sulfuric acid:Ukuphatha i-asidi egxilile (90-98% H₂SO₄) emazingeni okushisa aphakathi nendawo, ukunciphisa i-asidi (5-10%) emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, kanye namapayipi okupholisa ane-asidi. Kuthatha indawo ka-316L no-317L.
●Ukukhiqizwa kwe-phosphoric acid (inqubo emanzi):Ama-evaporator, ama-flash cooler, kanye nemigqa yokudlulisa ephethe i-phosphoric acid enama-chloride nama-fluoride. I-904L iyindinganiso ye-wet process phosphoric acid.
●Amapayipi okukhipha igesi ephumayo e-flue gas desulfurization (FGD):Ngaphansi kwezifutho lapho kukhona khona amagesi e-asidi agcwele i-chloride emanzi. I-904L isetshenziselwa ukudonsa amanzi kanye nama-stack liner lapho i-317L inganele khona.
●Izinhlelo zokupholisa amanzi olwandle (izinga lokushisa eliphakeme):Izinhlelo zamanzi okupholisa ogwini lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi olwandle lidlula khona ama-40°C. Ama-904L amelana nokugqwala emazingeni okushisa lapho ama-316L ngisho nama-super duplex angase angasebenzi khona.
●Amathangi amakhemikhali (Uhlobo lwe-IMO II):Amapayipi emithwalo yamakhemikhali anolaka afaka phakathi i-sulfuric acid, i-phosphoric acid, nama-organic acid. I-904L ivunyelwe yizinkampani eziningi zokuthumela amakhemikhali.
●Isevisi yokuphuza utshwala olwandle:Ukukhiqizwa kukawoyela negesi nge-H₂S ephezulu kanye nama-chloride aphezulu, ikakhulukazi lapho izinga lokushisa liphakathi kodwa izidingo zokugqwala zidlula i-duplex.
●Izitshalo ze-bleach ze-pulp nephepha:Insizakalo ye-chlorine dioxide kanye ne-sodium hypochlorite lapho i-317L inganele khona.
●Imishini yezokwelapha:Ama-reactor kanye namapayipi ezinqubo ezihilela ama-asidi aqinile.
●Imishini yokudaya izindwangu:Imishini yokudaya ephatha ama-dyebath ane-chlorine.
●Ukucubungula ukudla:Ama-brine ane-chloride eningi, utshwala be-pickle, kanye nemikhiqizo yokudla ene-acidic.
9. Ukupakisha Nokuthumela - Inqwaba Yepayipi Lensimbi ye-JIS A5525 SKK490 SSAW
Ukupakisha:
●Ukuvikelwa kokungagqwali:Ukugoqa ngepulasitiki noma iphepha le-VCI. Akukho mfucumfucu yamafutha yesevisi yamakhemikhali.
●Iziqephu zokugcina:Izivalo zepulasitiki ezisindayo (ezinemibala – ngokuvamile eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezingama-904L).
●Ukuhlanganisa (Ububanzi obuncane):Ipayipi ngalinye ligoqwe ngalinye, bese lihlanganiswa ngezintambo ezingezona ezensimbi.
●Ukupakisha ngakunye (Ububanzi obukhulu):Ifilimu yepulasitiki egoqwe ngamasongo e-foam.
●Amabhokisi ezinkunikwamaphrojekthi abalulekile amakhemikhali kanye nawasogwini.
Ukuthunyelwa:
Izitsha ezingama-≤ 610mm, ubukhulu obuphakathi kobubanzi obukhulu.
Imibhalo:I-MTC 3.1/3.2, umbiko wokuhlolwa kwamanzi, imibiko ye-UT/RT, umbiko we-PMI, umbiko wokuhlolwa kokugqwala (uma kuchaziwe), umbiko wobukhulu, uhlu lokupakisha, i-COO. Ukulandelela okugcwele kusukela enombolweni yokushisa kuya epayipini eliqediwe.
10. Izinzuzo zensimbi ye-Womic kanye ne-FAQ - Ipayipi Elihlanganisiwe le-ASTM B673 UNS N08904
Kungani Kufanele Usebenzisane Nensimbi Yomthambo We-904L Welded Pipe?
● Ububanzi Bosayizi Ophelele: ERW 1/4″ – 24″, EFW/LSAW 8″ – 48″.
● Ukufakwa kwesisombululo esigcwele ngemva kokushisela (1050-1150°C, i-water quench).
● Ukuhlolwa kokugqwala kwangaphakathi endlini (ASTM G28, G48) kwesevisi ye-asidi namanzi olwandle.
● I-PREN ≥ 35 - ukumelana nokugoba okuhle kakhulu.
● Izikhathi zokuhola ezincintisanayo: izinsuku ezingama-60-75 ze-ERW, izinsuku ezingama-75-90 ze-EFW/LSAW.
● Isitifiketi Somhlaba Wonke: ISO 9001, PED (CE), EN 10204 Uhlobo 3.2.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa (Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa) – Ipayipi Elihlanganisiwe le-ASTM B673 UNS N08904
U: Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-904L ne-316L?
A: I-904L ine-nickel ephezulu kakhulu (23-28% vs 10-14%), i-chromium ephezulu (19-23% vs 16-18%), i-molybdenum ephezulu (4-5% vs 2-3%), kanye nethusi elongeziwe (1-2%). Lokhu kunikeza i-904L ukumelana okungcono kakhulu ne-sulfuric acid, i-phosphoric acid, kanye ne-pitting kuma-chloride. I-PREN ingu-35-40 vs 24-26 ye-316L. I-904L cishe ibiza izikhathi ezi-3-4 kune-316L futhi isetshenziswa lapho i-316L yehluleka khona.
Q: Ingabe i-904L ifanelekile ukuseviswa kwamanzi olwandle?
A: Yebo. I-904L inokumelana okuhle kakhulu nokugqwala kwemigodi emanzini olwandle kuze kufike kumazinga okushisa angaba ngu-50°C. Kumazinga okushisa aphezulu noma izimo zokuma, kungadingeka ama-super duplex noma ama-nickel alloys. I-904L ivame ukusetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokupholisa amanzi olwandle lapho i-316L yehlulekile khona.
Q: Lingakanani izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lenkonzo lama-904L ku-sulfuric acid?
A: Ku-50-70% H₂SO₄, i-904L ingasetshenziswa kufika ku-100°C. Ku-90-96% H₂SO₄, khawulela ku-50-60°C. Kumazinga okushisa aphezulu noma i-asidi egxilile kakhulu, kudingeka ama-alloy e-nickel aphezulu (i-Alloy 20, i-Alloy 625, i-Alloy C-276). Njalo hlola amashadi okugqwala ukuze uthole izimo ezithile.
Q: Ingabe i-904L idinga ukuncibilikiswa kwesisombululo ngemva kokushisela?
A: Yebo, ngokwe-ASTM B673. I-904L ingakha izigaba zesibili (i-sigma, i-chi) ku-weld HAZ uma ukupholisa kuhamba kancane. I-solution annealing ku-1050-1150°C elandelwa yi-water quench incibilikisa lezi zigaba futhi ibuyisele ukumelana nokugqwala. I-Womic yenza i-solution annealing ephelele kuwo wonke amapayipi ahlanganisiwe angu-904L. Ngokushisela insimu, sebenzisa i-input yokushisa okuphansi bese ucabanga nge-post-weld solution annealing uma kungenzeka.
Q: Yisiphi insimbi yokugcwalisa ukushisela enconyelwa i-904L?
A: Kunconywa i-AWS A5.14 ERNiCrMo-3 (Inconel 625) noma i-ER385. I-ERNiCrMo-3 ivame ukusetshenziswa futhi inikeza ukumelana okuhle kokugqwala okuhambisana ne-904L. I-ER385 iyisigcwalisi esithile sokufanisa se-904L. I-Womic isebenzisa i-ERNiCrMo-3 ngezinqubo ze-EFW.
Q: Ingabe i-904L ifanelekela isevisi emuncu (H₂S)?
A: Yebo, i-904L iyafaneleka ngokwe-NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 yesevisi emuncu enengcindezi engaphelele ye-H₂S efika kubha eli-1 (15 psi) ezinhlotsheni ezithile zobulukhuni. Ivame ukusetshenziswa emasimini anomuncu olinganiselayo lapho i-duplex inganele khona ngenxa yama-chloride amaningi.
Q: Yisiphi isikhathi esijwayelekile sokuhola sepayipi elihlanganisiwe elingu-904L?
A: Izinsuku ezingama-60-75 ze-ERW (ububanzi obuncane kuya kobuphakathi), izinsuku ezingama-75-90 ze-EFW/LSAW (ububanzi obukhulu). Izikhathi zokuhola zinde kunezensimbi ezijwayelekile ezingagqwali ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwe-alloy strip/plate ekhethekile (ngokuvamile amasonto ayi-12-16 kusukela kumshini wokugaya). Ukuhlolwa komuntu wesithathu kunezela izinsuku eziyi-7-14.
Q: Ingabe i-904L ingasetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zamanzi ezihlanzekile kakhulu?
A: Yebo, kodwa ngokuvamile kunqunywa ngokweqile. Kumanzi ahlanzekile kakhulu (RO, DI, WFI), amalitha angu-316 anele futhi angabizi kakhulu. Amalitha angu-904 agcinelwe izimo zamakhemikhali ezinamandla noma ze-chloride ephezulu.
Inkomba Yephrojekthi – Ukufakwa Kwepayipi Lokupholisa Lesitshalo Se-European Sulfuric Acid
Izwe:IJalimane (iNorth Rhine-Westphalia, inhlanganisela yamakhemikhali)
Okujwayelekile kanye Nezinga:Ipayipi elihlanganisiwe le-ASTM B673 UNS N08904 (904L)
Ubukhulu kanye nobuningi:
● OD 88.9mm (3″) × Isheduli 10S (3.05mm WIT) – amamitha angu-600 (cishe amathani ama-5) – Inqubo ye-ERW
● OD 114.3mm (4″) × Isheduli 10S (3.05mm WIT) – amamitha angu-500 (cishe amathani ayi-6) – Inqubo ye-ERW
● OD 168.3mm (6″) × Isheduli 10S (3.40mm WIT) – amamitha angu-300 (cishe amathani angu-4) – Inqubo ye-EFW
● OD 219.1mm (8″) × Isheduli 10S (3.76mm WIT) – amamitha angu-200 (cishe amathani angu-4) – Inqubo ye-EFW
Isiyonke:Amamitha ayi-1,600, cishe amathani ayi-19
Imininingwane:Isixazululo se-ASTM B673 UNS N08904 esifakwe emanzini futhi safakwa emanzini abandayo, sibekwe kahle. Ukuhlolwa kwe-hydrostatic ku-1.5× ingcindezi yomklamo (umklamo ongu-1.2 MPa). I-100% UT yamapayipi e-EFW, ugesi we-eddy we-ERW. I-PMI kuwo wonke amapayipi. Ukuhlolwa kokugqwala okuphoqelekile ngokwe-ASTM G28 Practice A (ferric sulfate-sulfuric acid) – izinga lokugqwala < 5 mpy (kufezwe ngo-2-3 mpy). Ukuhlolwa kokugqwala kokugqwala nge-ASTM G48 Indlela A (6% FeCl₃, amahora angama-24 ku-40°C) – akukho ukugqwala. Ukuhlolwa kokugqwala kwe-intergranular ngokwe-ASTM A262 Practice E (dlula). Ukuhlolwa komuntu wesithathu yi-TÜV Germany.
Isicelo:Ukufakwa esikhundleni kwamapayipi okupholisa ane-asidi kanye nemigqa yokudlulisa ehlobene nayo esitshalweni sokuvuselela i-sulfuric acid. Amapayipi aphatha i-hot sulfuric acid (85-93% H₂SO₄) ku-70-90°C ukusuka embhoshongweni wokumunca kuya ku-acid cooler. Amapayipi enziwe nge-316L angaphambilini ahlulekile ngemuva kwezinyanga ezingu-18 ngenxa yokugqwala okuvamile kanye nomgodi. I-904L yakhethwa ngenxa yokumelana kwayo okuphezulu ne-sulfuric acid egxilile emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.
Izinselele Zobuchwepheshe Nezixazululo:
●Ukugqwala ku-asidi ye-sulfuric egxilile eshisayo (85-93%, 70-90°C)– 316L iyagqwala ngamanani angaphezulu kuka-50 mpy ngaphansi kwalezi zimo. 904L ene-nickel yayo ephezulu, i-chromium, i-molybdenum, kanye nethusi inikeza izinga lokugqwala < 5 mpy. I-Womic eyenziwe i-ASTM G28 Practice A ukuhlolwa kumasampula ensimbi eyisisekelo kanye ne-weld. Amanani okugqwala: insimbi eyisisekelo 2.1 mpy, i-weld 2.8 mpy – ngaphansi kakhulu komkhawulo we-5 mpy. Iklayenti livumile.
●Ukumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi okushisiwe– I-weld iyindawo esengozini kakhulu. I-Womic isebenzise okokufaka kokushisa okuphansi (≤ 1.2 kJ/mm) kanye ne-ERNiCrMo-3 filler. Amasampula e-weld aphumelele ukuhlolwa kwe-G28 ngesilinganiso sokugqwala esingu-2.8-3.2 mpy. Isakhiwo esincane asibonisanga mvula yesigaba sesibili.
●Ukumelana nokugoba ekushiseni okuphezulu– I-asidi iqukethe ama-trace chloride (avela emthonjeni wamanzi). I-PREN 35-40 ye-904L inikeza ukumelana nomgodi. I-Womic yenze ukuhlolwa komgodi we-G48 ku-40°C (kukhulu kakhulu kunokushisa kwesevisi okungu-70°C? Empeleni izinga lokushisa lokuhlola elingu-40°C liphansi, kodwa i-FeCl₃ iyashisa). Umphumela: akukho umgodi ngemva kwamahora angu-72.
●Ukugqwala kwe-intergranular ngemva kokushisela– I-904L inekhabhoni ephansi (≤ 0.020%), kodwa ukunamathisela isixazululo kusadingeka. I-Womic yenze ukunamathisela isixazululo okugcwele ku-1100°C, i-water quench. Ukuhlolwa kwe-ASTM A262 Practice E kuphumelele.
●Inqubo yokushisela yasensimini– Ithimba lokulungisa izitshalo lalidinga i-WPS efanelekile ukuze kulungiswe. I-Womic inikeze amakhuphoni angu-15 okushisela nge-WPS isebenzisa i-GTAW, i-ERNiCrMo-3 filler, ukushisa kusengaphambili okungu-10-20°C, i-interpass ≤ 120°C, ukufaka ukushisa ≤ 1.2 kJ/mm. Amakhuphoni aphumelele ukuhlolwa kwe-RT, PT, kanye ne-G28.
●Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla esitshalweni samakhemikhali saseJalimane– Amapayipi athunyelwa esuka eShanghai eya echwebeni laseHamburg, abe esethuthwa ngeloli aya endaweni. I-TÜV Germany ihlole amapayipi eHamburg. Wonke amathani ayi-19 alethwa zingakapheli amasonto ayi-10. Iphakheji yamadokhumenti (i-MTC 3.2, imibiko yokuhlola) alethwa nge-elekthronikhi.
Umphumela:Kufakwe amapayipi amasha angu-904L ngesikhathi sokuguqulwa kwekota yesithathu ka-2024. Ngemva kwezinyanga ezingu-12 zokusebenza, ukuhlolwa akubonisanga ukugqwala okulinganiselwe, akukho mgodi, futhi akukho ukuvuza. Iklayenti lilindele impilo yesevisi yeminyaka engu-15+ (uma kuqhathaniswa neminyaka engu-1.5 yama-316L). I-Womic Steel manje ingumhlinzeki ofanelekayo wamapayipi esevisi ye-sulfuric acid kulesi sitshalo samakhemikhali.
Xhumana:
Iwebhusayithi: www.womicsteel.com
I-imeyili: sales@womicsteel.com
Ucingo / WhatsApp / WeChat:
UVictor: +86 15575100681
UJack: +86 18390957568
I-Womic Steel – Umlingani wakho othembekile wamapayipi ensimbi engagqwali ahlanganisiwe e-ASTM B673 UNS N08904 ezitshalo ze-sulfuric ne-phosphoric acid, izinhlelo ze-FGD, ukupholisa amanzi olwandle, kanye nensizakalo yamakhemikhali enamandla emhlabeni jikelele.
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