1. Insimbi Yomdabu: Amakhono Okukhiqiza kanye Namandla Enkampani
I-Womic Steel Group isebenzisa imigqa eminingi yokukhiqiza ye-LSAW ehlanganisa izindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko zokwakha kanye namakhono akhethekile odonga olusindayo. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-X60 kudinga ukulawulwa okuqinile kwamapharamitha e-microalloying kanye nokugoqa ngenxa yamandla ayo aphezulu.
● Umugqa we-JCOE:Kumadayamitha angu-406mm – 1,422mm (16″–56″), ubukhulu bodonga obufika ku-50.8mm. I-JCO eyakha isinyathelo ngesinyathelo enokwandiswa komshini. Ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, ukuzungeza okuhle. Ilungele ukusetshenziswa kwezintambo eziningi zomgqomo ogwini.
●Umugqa we-UOE:Kumadayamitha angu-508mm – 1,220mm (20″–48″), ubukhulu bodonga bufika ku-40mm. Ukwakha u-U bese kuba ukwakha u-O okunokwandiswa kwe-hydraulic. Ukunemba okuhle kakhulu kobukhulu (±0.2% OD), okukhethwayo kumapayipi ajulile ogwini kanye nesevisi emuncu. I-UOE inqubo ekhethwayo yemigqa ye-trunk yegesi ye-X60.
●Ipuleti Eligoqiwe (Umthungo Owodwa):Kumadayamitha angu-600mm – 1,600mm (24″–63″), ubukhulu bodonga busukela ku-25mm kuya ku-70mm. Ipuleti elilodwa ligoqwe liyi-cylinder nge-weld eyodwa ende. Ilungele ubukhulu bodonga obunzima obungaphezu komthamo we-JCOE/UOE.
●Ipuleti Eligoqiwe (Umthungo Ophindwe Kabili):Ukuze kube nobukhulu bodonga > 50.8mm kuya ku-80mm, kusetshenziswa amapuleti amabili ashiselwe ngobude. Avame ukusetshenziswa kumapayipi amaningi anomfutho ophezulu kanye nezicelo ze-arctic.
Inani lamandla e-LSAW lidlula amathani angu-300,000 ngonyaka, kanti ukukhiqizwa kwe-X60 okuzinikele kudlula amathani angu-80,000 ngonyaka. I-Womic Steel ine-API 5L Monogram, ISO 9001, CE PED, futhi ihlolwa njalo yi-ABS, DNV, TÜV, kanye ne-BV. Irekhodi lomhlaba wonke emazweni angaphezu kuka-80 anamapayipi e-X60 angaphezu kwamakhilomitha angu-1,500 ahlinzekwayo.
Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kokukhiqiza:
●I-JCOE: 406–1,422mm OD × 6.0–50.8mm Isisindo × ≤ 18m
●I-UOE: 508–1,220mm OD × 6.0–40.0mm WIT × ≤ 24m (ukwandiswa kwemishini kuthuthukisa ukuzungeza kufike ku-±0.2%)
●Ipuleti eligoqiwe (umthungo owodwa): 600–1,600mm OD × 25–70mm WIT × ≤ 12m (isisindo silinganiselwe kufika kumathani angu-25 ngejoyinti ngalinye)
●Ipuleti eligoqiwe (umthungo ophindwe kabili): 1,000–2,000mm OD × 25–80mm Isisindo × ≤ 12m
Wonke amapayipi angahlinzekwa nge-PWHT (ukwelashwa kokushisa ngemuva kokushiswa) ukuze kusetshenziswe udonga olujiyile noma olumuncu. Ukuhlolwa komthelela wokushisa okuphansi kuyatholakala kuze kufike ku--46°C kanye no--60°C kumaphrojekthi e-Arctic.
2. I-API 5L X60: Izici Zokwakheka Kwezinto Nokusebenza
I-API 5L X60 (ebizwa nangokuthi i-L415 ku-ISO 3183) iyizinga lepayipi elinamandla aphezulu elisetshenziselwa ukudluliselwa kwegesi enomfutho ophezulu ebangeni elide. Amandla amancane okukhiqiza angu-415 MPa (60,200 psi) kanye namandla okudonsa angu-520 MPa (75,400 psi) avumela ukunciphisa okukhulu kobukhulu bodonga uma kuqhathaniswa namazinga aphansi. I-X60 ikhiqizwa kusetshenziswa ukugoqa okulawulwayo kanye ne-microalloying ene-Nb, V, kanye ne-Ti ukuze kufezwe isakhiwo sezinhlamvu ezincane.
Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali (Ukuhlaziywa Kwezindebe, ubuningi be-% ngobuningi):
| Isici | I-API 5L X60 PSL1 (ubuningi %) | I-API 5L X60 PSL2 (ubuningi %) |
| C | 0.22 (okuvamile 0.10-0.12) | 0.12 (okuvamile) |
| Mn | 1.60 | 1.60 |
| P | 0.025 | 0.025 |
| S | 0.015 | 0.015 |
| Si | 0.45 | 0.45 |
| V | 0.10 | 0.10 |
| Nb | 0.05 | 0.05 |
| Ti | 0.04 | 0.04 |
| I-CEV | Akucacisiwe | ≤ 0.43 (okuvamile ≤ 0.40) |
Ku-PSL2, i-carbon equivalent (CEV) ilawulwa ngokuqinile. I-Womic ngokuvamile igcina i-CEV ≤ 0.40% yezicelo zesevisi emuncu. I-Microalloying ene-Nb (0.03-0.05%) inikeza ukuhluzwa kokusanhlamvu kanye nokuqina kwemvula.
Izakhiwo Zomshini (Izinga Lokushisa Legumbi):
| Impahla | I-API 5L X60 PSL1 | I-API 5L X60 PSL2 |
| Amandla Okukhiqiza (iminithi) | I-415 MPa (60,200 psi) | 415–565 MPa |
| Amandla Okudonsa (iminithi) | I-520 MPa (75,400 psi) | 520–760 MPa |
| Ukwelulwa (iminithi) | 20% (ngegeyiji engu-50mm) | 20% |
| Isilinganiso Sokukhiqiza (ubuningi) | Akucacisiwe | 0.93 |
| Ubulukhuni (ubuningi) | Akucacisiwe | 90 HRB |
| Ukuqina Komthelela (iminithi) | Akudingeki | 27 J @ 0°C (ongakukhetha -20°C, -40°C, -46°C) |
Ukuqhathaniswa ne-X52 ne-X65:
| Ibanga | I-MPa ephumayo | I-MPa ethambile | Isilinganiso Sokukhiqiza | Isicelo Esijwayelekile |
| X52 | 360 | 460 | ≤ 0.90 | Ukucindezela okuphakathi nendawo okuphezulu, ogwini lolwandle |
| I-X60 | 415 | 520 | ≤ 0.93 | Imigqa yesiqu segesi enomfutho ophezulu |
| I-X65 | 450 | 535 | ≤ 0.93 | Umfutho ophezulu kakhulu, amanzi ajulile |
3. Ukuhambisana Nobubanzi Nokulinganisa Kwezindinganiso
| Into | Imininingwane |
| Okujwayelekile | I-API 5L PSL1 / PSL2 (futhi i-ISO 3183 L415) |
| Izinqubo Zokukhiqiza | I-JCOE, i-UOE, ipuleti eligoqiwe (umthungo owodwa/ophindwe kabili) |
| Ububanzi Bobubanzi Bangaphandle | 219mm – 1,600mm (8″ – 63″) |
| Ububanzi Bokujiya Kodonga | I-JCOE/UOE: 6.0mm – 50.8mm; Ipuleti eligoqiwe: 25mm – 70mm (kufika ku-80mm ngokwezifiso) |
| Ibanga Lobude | Okujwayelekile: 6m, 12m, 18m; Okunwetshiwe: kufika ku-24m (JCOE/UOE) noma 12m (udonga olusindayo olugoqiwe) |
| Ukuqeda Ukuqeda | Isiphelo Esilula (PE), Isiphelo Esibekiwe (BE) nge-API 5L (i-bevel engu-30°, ubuso bempande obungu-1.6mm) |
| Ukuqedwa Komphezulu | Okungenalutho, Okugcotshwe ngamafutha, 3LPE, 3LPP, FBE, Coal Tar Epoxy, Liquid Epoxy |
| Ukubekezelelana | I-OD: ±0.5% noma ±3.2mm (noma ngabe ingaphansi); Isisindo: -0% / +15%; Ubude: +50mm / -0mm |
4. Ubukhulu Nemininingwane Etholakalayo – Ipayipi Lensimbi le-API 5L X60 LSAW (Osayizi Abajwayelekile Abakhethiwe)
| I-OD (mm) | Izinketho ze-WT (mm) | Inqubo | Isisindo Esilinganiselwayo (kg/m) | Ubude Obujwayelekile | Isicelo Esijwayelekile |
| 273 | 6.4, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5 | I-JCOE | 42.1 – 80.1 | 12m | Imigqa yegesi eseceleni |
| 324 | 6.4, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 14.0 | I-JCOE | 50.2 – 107.1 | 12m / 18m | Ukuqoqwa kwegesi |
| 406 | 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 19.0 | I-JCOE/UOE | 78.5 – 181.4 | 12m / 18m | Imigqa yesiqu |
| 508 | 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 19.0, 22.0 | I-UOE | 98.6 – 263.8 | 12m / 18m / 24m | Igesi enomfutho ophezulu |
| 610 | 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4 | I-UOE | 148.0 – 366.2 | 12m / 18m / 24m | Imigqa emikhulu yemithwalo yegesi |
| 711 | 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 28.0 | I-JCOE/UOE | 215.3 – 471.7 | 12m / 18m | Igesi enqamula izwe |
| 813 | 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 30.0, 32.0 | I-JCOE | 246.7 – 616.2 | 12m / 18m | Igesi enomthamo omkhulu |
| 914 | 14.0, 16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 30.0, 35.0, 38.0 | I-JCOE | 310.8 – 820.9 | 12m / 18m | Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe |
| 1,016 | 16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 30.0, 35.0, 40.0, 45.0 | I-JCOE/Egoqiwe | 394.6 – 1,078.2 | 12m | Igesi yamanzi ajulile |
| 1,220 | 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 30.0, 35.0, 40.0, 45.0, 50.0 | Okugoqiwe (okukodwa) | 563.0 – 1,304.2 | 12m | Amapayipi e-Arctic |
| 1,422 | 25.4, 30.0, 35.0, 40.0, 45.0, 50.0, 55.0, 60.0 | Okugoqiwe (okukodwa) | 875.1 – 2,016.8 | 12m | Ukucindezela okuphezulu kakhulu |
| 1,600 | 30.0, 40.0, 50.0, 60.0, 70.0 | Kugoqwe kabili (okuphindwe kabili) | 1,162 – 2,640 | 10m / 12m | Iphrojekthi ekhethekile |
Amapayipi odonga asindayo (≥ 32mm) adinga i-PWHT ukuze kuncishiswe ukucindezeleka okusele. Amapayipi e-X60 ukuze kube nenkonzo emuncu adinga ubulukhuni ≤ 85 HRB (target) kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-HIC.
5. Izindinganiso Ezivamile Namabanga – Ipayipi Lomugqa le-LSAW kanye Nepayipi Lokwakheka
| Okujwayelekile | Amabanga Ensimbi | Isicelo Esijwayelekile | Inqubo Yokwakha |
| I-API 5L PSL1/PSL2 | X60, X65, X70 | Ukudluliswa kukawoyela/igesi | I-JCOE/UOE/Egoqiwe |
| I-API 5L PSL2 (emuncu) | X60, X65 | Isevisi emuncu (H₂S) | I-UOE + i-PWHT |
| I-ISO 3183 | L415, L450, L485 | Amaphrojekthi aphesheya | I-JCOE/UOE |
| I-DNV-OS-F101 | L415, L450 | Amapayipi angaphansi kolwandle | I-UOE |
| I-EN 10217-1 | S275JR, S355JR | Amapayipi okucindezela | I-JCOE |
| I-EN 10219 | S355JRH, S355J2H | Izingxenye zesakhiwo | I-JCOE/Egoqiwe |
| I-ASTM A671 | CC60, CC65 | Izinga lokushisa eliphansi | Kugoqwe |
| I-NORSOK M-120 | I-X60 | Ipulatifomu yase-offshore | I-UOE |
Isifinyezo sokusetshenziswa:Imigqa yegesi yemvelo enomfutho ophezulu ebangeni elide, amapayipi okuthumela igesi kwamanye amazwe, ukuhanjiswa kwegesi yesevisi emuncu, amapayipi e-arctic, amapayipi esiteshi se-compressor, imigqa yokufaka amanzi.
6. Izinqubo Zokukhiqiza – I-LSAW (i-JCOE / i-UOE / Ipuleti Eligoqiwe) lepayipi lensimbi le-X60
I-Womic Steel ikhetha inqubo efanele ngokusekelwe kububanzi, ukujiya kodonga, kanye nezidingo zesakhiwo somshini. I-X60 idinga ukulawulwa okuqinile kokufakwa kokushisa ngesikhathi sokushisela i-SAW ukuze kugwenywe ukuthamba kwendawo ethintekile ukushisa.
Inqubo ye-JCOE (406–1,422mm OD, 6.0–50.8mm WET):
● Ukugaya umphetho wepuleti (i-X noma i-J bevel) ngokunemba ± 0.5mm
● Ukugoba (ukugoba) imiphetho kusengaphambili kube yi-radius yokujiya kwepuleti engu-1.5x
● Ukwakheka komumo ka-J (ukucindezela ngokucindezela) – ingxenye yokuqala yesithathu yomjikelezo
● Ukwakheka komumo ka-C (uchungechunge lwamadayi) – ingxenye yesibili ye-1/3 yomjikelezo
● Ukwakheka kwesimo se-O (isilinda sokugcina) – ukuvala umthungo
● Ukushisela izikhonkwane (ukufaka izikhonkwane njalo ngama-300mm eceleni komthungo)
● I-Inner SAW (i-single noma i-multi-wire, i-heat input elawulwa ku-≤ 3.0 kJ/mm ye-X60)
● Ukugaya ingemuva (i-air carbon arc noma ukugaya) ukuze kungene ngokuphelele
● I-SAW Yangaphandle (i-multi-pass yezindonga ezijiyile, izinga lokushisa le-interpass ≤ 250°C)
● Ukwandiswa kwemishini (1–1.5% OD iyanda, ithuthukisa ukuzungeza ku-±0.3%)
● Kufanelekela ukusetshenziswa kwezintambo eziningi zasogwini
Inqubo ye-UOE (508–1,220mm OD, 6.0–40mm WET):
● Ukucindezela kwe-U kwenza ipuleti libe ngesimo se-U (amandla amathani angu-2000-4000)
● Ukucindezela kwe-O kuvala kube yisimo esiyindilinga (amandla amathani angu-3000-6000)
● Isandisi (somshini) kuya kububanzi bokugcina kanye nokuzungeza (izingxenye ezikhulayo ezingu-48-72)
● Ukushisela okufana ne-JCOE kodwa okunamandla aphezulu
● Kukhethwa kakhulu ngamapayipi amanzi ajulile kanye nesevisi emuncu ngenxa yokuzungeza okuphezulu (±0.2% OD) kanye nokucindezeleka okuphansi okusele
● I-UOE inqubo ekhethwayo yemigqa ye-X60 ye-trunk ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezihambisanayo
Ipuleti Eligoqiwe (Umthungo Owodwa) Wodonga Olunzima (600–1,600mm OD, 25–70mm WIT):
● Ipuleti lensimbi elilodwa ligoqwa libe yisilinda kusetshenziswa umshini wokugoba onezimbobo ezine
● Ukugoqa isinyathelo ngesinyathelo: ukugoqa ngaphambi kokugoqa, ukugoqa okungahlelekile, ukugoqa kokuqeda (ngokuvamile amaphasi angu-15-20)
● Umthungo we-longitudinal oshiselwe nge-SAW (ubuncane bezindlela ezintathu: impande, ukugcwalisa, isivalo)
● Akukho ukunwetshwa kwemishini (ukuzungeza okufinyelelwa ngokunemba kokugoqa, okuvamile ±0.5%)
● Kufanelekela amapayipi odonga aqinile lapho amathuluzi e-JCOE/UOE elinganiselwe khona
● Kudinga i-PWHT (ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka) ukuze udonga lube nobukhulu obungaphezu kuka-32mm
Ipuleti Eligoqiwe (Umthungo Ophindwe Kabili) Wodonga Olunzima Kakhulu / Ububanzi Obukhulu Kakhulu (1,000–2,000mm OD, 25–80mm WIT):
Amapuleti amabili asongwe abe yizilinda eziyingxenye futhi ahlanganiswa emithungweni emibili emide
Ngokuvamile kusetshenziselwa amapayipi amaningi anomfutho ophezulu, ama-penstock, kanye namapayipi e-arctic
Zonke izindwangu zokushisela zihlolwe ngo-100% UT kanye ne-RT
Ukwelashwa Kokushisa Ngemva Kokushiswa (PWHT):Ukuze kube nobukhulu bodonga > 32mm noma ukuze kube nenkonzo emuncu (H₂S), i-Womic inikeza ukwelashwa kokushisa okunciphisa ukucindezeleka esithandweni esingaphansi kwemoto (kufika ku-12m ubude) noma endaweni kusetshenziswa ukushisa kwe-induction. Izinga lokushisa lokucwilisa lingu-580-620°C ihora eli-1 ngobukhulu obungu-25mm. Ku-X60, kudingeka ukulawula ngokucophelela ukuze kugwenywe ukufudumala ngokweqile. Ukuqina ngemva kwe-PWHT kulawulwa ku-≤ 90 HRB (noma ≤ 85 HRB ukuze kube nenkonzo emuncu).
Amandla Okushisa Okuphansi:Kumaphrojekthi ase-Arctic, i-Womic inikeza i-X60 ngokuhlolwa komthelela we-Charpy ku--46°C (ubuncane be-27J, ejwayelekile i-80-120J) kanye ne-DWTT enendawo yokugunda engu-≥ 85% ku--20°C. Ukugoqa okulawulwayo kwepuleti lesisekelo kuqinisekisa isakhiwo se-ferrite-pearlite esinohlamvu olucolekile.
7. Izinqubo Zokulawula Ikhwalithi Nokuhlola ze-API 5L X60 LSAW Steel Pipe
| Isiteji | Indlela Yokuhlola | Inhloso | Inqubo Esebenzayo |
| Ipuleti | Ukuhlaziywa Kwamakhemikhali (OES) | Qinisekisa imikhawulo yokwakheka kwe-X60 | Konke |
| Ipuleti | I-Ultrasonic (Ukuhlolwa kwe-Lamination) | Thola amaphutha angaphakathi | Konke |
| Ipuleti | I-Tensile (ende futhi evundlile) | Ukuqinisekiswa kwemishini | Konke |
| Ipuleti | Ukulinganisa usayizi wezinhlamvu (ASTM E112) | Qinisekisa ukuthi okusanhlamvu okuhle (i-ASTM 10 noma okungcono) | I-X60 PSL2 |
| Ngesikhathi sokwakheka | Ubukhulu (ububanzi, ukujiya) | Qinisekisa ukufana | Konke |
| Umthungo wokushisela | I-UT ezenzakalelayo engu-100% (noma i-PAUT ene-TOFD) | Thola ukuntuleka kokuhlanganiswa, i-slag, i-porosity | Konke |
| Umthungo wokushisela | I-RT (ibala 10-100% uma kucacisiwe) | Ukuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi yokushisela | Konke |
| Umthungo wokushisela | I-MPI (izinzwane kanye ne-HAZ) | Imifantu engaphezulu | Konke |
| Umthungo wokushisela | Ukuqina komgwaqo (ukushisela, i-HAZ, i-BM) | Ukuqinisekiswa kwensizakalo ye-Sour | I-PSL2 / i-sour |
| Ipayipi eliqediwe | Ukuhlolwa kwe-Hydrostatic (nge-API 5L ngayinye) | Ubuqotho bengcindezi (85-100% SMYS) | Konke |
| Ipayipi eliqediwe | I-Charpy V-Notch (PSL2) | Ukuqina kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi | I-PSL2 kuphela |
| Ipayipi eliqediwe | Ukuqina (HRB/HV10) – amaphuzu angu-3 | Ukuthobela imithetho yesevisi ethambile | I-PSL2 / i-sour |
| Ipayipi eliqediwe | Ukugoba Okuqondiswayo / Ukuthamba | Ukuguquguquka | Konke |
| Ipayipi eliqediwe | Okubonakalayo nokumaka | Isimo somphezulu, ukulandeleka | Konke |
| Ipayipi eliqediwe | I-DWTT (ongakukhetha) | Ukulawulwa kokusabalala kokuphuka | I-Arctic/omuncu |
| Ipayipi eliqediwe | I-CTOD (ongakukhetha) | Ukuqina kokuphuka kwasogwini lolwandle | Amanzi ajulile |
Ongakukhetha ngensizakalo ebalulekile:
● I-HIC nge-NACE TM0284 (Isixazululo A noma B, amahora angu-96) – yesevisi emuncu
● I-SSC nge-NACE TM0177 (Indlela A, amahora angu-720) – yendawo ye-H₂S
● Umthelela wokushisa okuphansi ku--20°C, -40°C, -46°C, noma -60°C
● I-DWTT ku--20°C noma ngaphansi ukuze kuklanywe ukuvimba ukuphuka
● Ukumapha okugcwele kobulukhuni besigaba esiphambeneyo
● Ukuhlolwa kwe-CTOD (Crack Tip Opening Displacement) kwama-riser asogwini lolwandle kanye namapayipi ase-Arctic
Ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasonic komzimba wonke (hhayi nje umthungo) kwamapayipi asezingeni eliphezulu
8. Izicelo Eziyinhloko – Ipayipi Lensimbi le-API 5L X60 LSAW
●Imigqa yemithwalo yegesi yemvelo enomfutho ophezulu ebangeni elide– Ukudluliswa kwegesi ezweni lonke ngengcindezi efinyelela ku-15 MPa (2,200 psi)
● Amapayipi okuthumela igesi kwamanye amazwe– Kusukela kumapulatifomu asogwini lolwandle kuya ezindaweni zokwamukela izimpahla ezisogwini lolwandle (kunconywa inqubo ye-UOE)
● Ukudluliswa kwegesi yesevisi emuncu– Amasimu egesi aqukethe i-H₂S (i-PSL2 enokuhlolwa kwe-HIC/SSC, kusetshenziswa i-PWHT)
● Amapayipi e-Arctic kanye ne-permafrost– Izidingo zomthelela wokushisa okuphansi zehle ziye ku--46°C
● Amapayipi esiteshi se-gas compressor– Amapayipi esiteshini anomfutho ophezulu aneziphetho ezigobile noma ezihlanganisiwe
● Izintambo zemithwalo kawoyela ongahluziwe- Ukudluliswa kukawoyela obuningi obuphezulu okudinga amandla aphezulu
● Imigqa yokujova amanzi yokuvuselela uwoyela– Amanzi anomfutho ophezulu afinyelela ku-35 MPa (ipuleti eligoqekile elisindayo)
● Izikhuphuli zamanzi ajulile– Izikhuphuli ezinamandla ezidinga ukuhlolwa kwe-CTOD kanye nomklamo wokukhathala (inqubo ye-UOE)
9. Ukupakisha Nokuthumela – Ipayipi Lensimbi le-API 5L X60 LSAW
Ukupakisha:
● Ububanzi obuncane (≤ 24″): Izinqwaba ezinezinhlangothi eziyisithupha, insimbi eboshwe ngezivikelo ezisemaphethelweni (izibhande ezingu-3-5 ngesinqwaba ngasinye)
● Ububanzi obukhulu (> 24″): Amapayipi ngamanye, ahlukaniswe ngama-dunnage okhuni kanye nama-raber pad (ubuncane bamaphuzu ama-dunnage ama-2 ngepayipi ngalinye)
● Izivalo zokugcina: Izivalo zepulasitiki noma zensimbi ezisindayo (iziphetho ezigobile zivikelekile ekushayweni kanye nokungcola)
● Ukuvikelwa kokumboza: Kwamapayipi ambozwe nge-3LPE/FBE, amasongo e-foam noma amashidi erabha phakathi kwezingqimba
● Ukupakisha okukhethekile kokuthunyelwa kwe-Arctic: Izikhwama ezengeziwe zokuvikela ukushisa kanye nezokulwa nokuvunda
Izindlela zokuthumela:
● Imikhumbi emikhulu engamathani angaphezu kwama-500 noma ububanzi obukhulu
● Izitsha ezingama-20ft/40ft zobubanzi obuncane (ezihlanganisiwe)
● Ama-rack ayisicaba noma izitsha ezivulekile zobude obude kakhulu (kufika ku-24m)
● Imithwalo yesitimela yezindawo ezivaliwe (isitimela saseShayina-Europe, esidlula eKazakhstan, eRussia)
Imibhalo ifakiwe:
● Isitifiketi Sokuhlolwa Komshini (EN 10204 Uhlobo 3.1 noma 3.2)
● Umbiko Wokuhlolwa Kwamanzi
● Umbiko Wokuhlolwa Kwe-Ultrasonic (ukushintshwa okungu-100% + umzimba ongawukhetha)
● Umbiko Wokuhlolwa Kwe-Radiographic (uma kuchaziwe)
● Umbiko Wokuhlola Obukhulu
● Isitifiketi Sokumboza (uma simbozwe)
● Umbiko we-PMI
● Uhlu Lokupakisha, I-invoyisi Yezentengiselwano, I-COO, I-Bill of Lading
10. Izinzuzo ze-Womic Steel kanye ne-FAQ – Ipayipi Lensimbi le-API 5L X60 LSAW
Kungani i-Womic Steel isetshenziswa nge-X60 LSAW?
●Izinqubo ezintathu ezihambisanayo (i-JCOE, i-UOE, ipuleti eligoqiwe) ububanzi obungu-219–1,600mm
●Inqubo ye-UOE ihlinzeka ngokuzungeza okungu-±0.2% kwe-OD - okubalulekile ekushiseni kwensimu okuzenzakalelayo kwemigqa yesiqu segesi
●Amandla odonga olujiyile afinyelela ku-70mm (umthungo owodwa) noma u-80mm (umthungo ophindwe kabili)
●Umthamo wesithando se-PWHT: ubude obuyi-12m × ububanzi obuyi-3m
●Ukuhlolwa komthelela wokushisa okuphansi kwehle kufike ku--46°C kanye no--60°C (ibanga le-arctic X60)
●Insizakalo ye-Sour eqinisekiswe ngokuhlolwa kwe-HIC/SSC (NACE TM0284, TM0177)
●I-API 5L Monogram + CE + ukuhlolwa komuntu wesithathu (SGS, BV, TÜV, DNV, ABS, LR)
●Ukushintsha okusheshayo: Izinsuku ezingu-35-50 zesevisi ejwayelekile ye-X60 PSL1, izinsuku ezingu-50-70 zesevisi ye-PSL2 sour
●Ubude obude obufika ku-24m bunciphisa ukushintshwa kwe-field girth ngo-30-40%
●Amapayipi e-X60 angaphezu kwamakhilomitha ayi-1,500 ahlinzekwa emhlabeni wonke ngaphandle kokwehluleka nhlobo kokusebenza
Imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa:
Q: Kungani ukhethe i-X60 kune-X52 yepayipi likaphethiloli?
A: I-X60 inikeza amandla okukhiqiza aphezulu angu-15% (415 MPa vs 360 MPa), okuvumela izindonga ezincane (ngokuvamile ukwehla okungu-10-15%) ngesilinganiso esifanayo sokucindezela. Lokhu kunciphisa isisindo sezinto kanye nezindleko, ikakhulukazi kumapayipi akude. Kodwa-ke, i-X60 idinga izinqubo zokushisela eziqinile futhi ibucayi kakhulu ekuqhekekeni kwe-hydrogen. Ezingcindezini ezingaphansi kwe-10 MPa, i-X52 ivame ukonga kakhulu. Ezingcindezini ezingaphezu kwe-12 MPa, kunconywa i-X60 noma i-X65.
Q: Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-X60 PSL1 ne-PSL2?
A: I-PSL2 inemikhawulo eqinile yamakhemikhali (ikakhulukazi i-C, i-P, i-S ephansi), ukuhlolwa komthelela we-Charpy okuphoqelekile (27J @ 0°C noma ngaphansi), ubulukhuni obukhulu obungu-90 HRB, futhi idinga i-UT engu-100% yomthungo we-weld (i-PSL1 idinga i-UT eqondile kuphela). Ngemigqa ye-trunk yegesi esebenza ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi noma amazinga okushisa aphansi, i-PSL2 ivame ukucaciswa.
U: Ungakwazi yini ukunikeza i-X60 isitifiketi sesevisi esimuncu?
A: Yebo. Sihlinzeka nge-X60 PSL2 ngokuhlolwa kwe-HIC (NACE TM0284) kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-SSC (NACE TM0177). Ukwamukelwa okuvamile: I-CLR ≤ 5%, i-CTR ≤ 1.5%, i-CSR ≤ 0.5% ye-HIC. I-PWHT isetshenziswa kuyo yonke isevisi emuncu i-X60 kungakhathaliseki ukuthi udonga luqine kangakanani ukuqinisekisa ubulukhuni ≤ 85 HRB. Sihlinzeke ngesevisi emuncu i-X60 kumaphrojekthi aseMpumalanga Ephakathi naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.
Q: Yikuphi ukuhlolwa komthelela ophansi ongakwenza kumapayipi e-arctic e-X60?
A: Singahlola kuze kufike ku--60°C. Amapayipi ajwayelekile egesi ase-arctic adinga umthelela we-Charpy ongu-27J okungenani ku--46°C. I-Womic ivame ukufinyelela ku-80-120J ku--46°C. Ukuze kulawulwe ukusabalala kokuqhekeka, senza ne-DWTT ku--20°C okungenani indawo yokucheba engu-85%. Sicela ucacise izinga lokushisa namandla okuhlola okudingekayo.
Q: Iyiphi inqubo engcono kakhulu yamapayipi e-X60 asogwini – i-JCOE noma i-UOE?
A: I-UOE ithandwa kakhulu ezindaweni ezikude nolwandle ngoba ikhiqiza ukuzungeza okungcono (±0.2% vs ±0.5% ye-JCOE) kanye nokucindezeleka okuphansi okusele. Lokhu kubalulekile ekumelaneni nokucindezela kwe-hydrostatic yangaphandle (ukuwa) kanye nokushisela okuthembekile kwe-field girth ezitsheni ezibekwe phansi. I-UOE iphinde inikeze ukusebenza okungcono kokukhathala kwezikhuphuli ezinamandla. Kumanzi angajulile (<100m) eduze nolwandle, i-JCOE iyamukeleka.
Q: Yisiphi isikhathi esijwayelekile sokuhola ipayipi le-X60 LSAW?
A: Isikhathi esijwayelekile sokulethwa kwe-X60 PSL1: izinsuku ezingu-35-50. Ku-X60 PSL2 enokuhlolwa kwesevisi emuncu kanye ne-PWHT: izinsuku ezingu-50-70. Ama-oda asheshayo (izinsuku ezingu-25-35) angenzeka ngamanani amancane (< amathani ayi-1,000) uma ipuleti likhona esitokweni. Kuma-oda amakhulu kakhulu (> amathani angu-20,000), isikhathi sokulethwa kwe-oda singafinyelela ezinsukwini ezingu-90.
U: Ingabe niyahlola amapayipi e-X60 LSAW ngaphandle kwenkampani yangaphandle?
A: Yebo. Sisebenza ne-SGS, i-BV, i-TÜV, i-DNV, i-ABS, kanye ne-LR. Ukuhlolwa kungenziwa efektri yethu ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza, kubonwe ngummeleli weklayenti. Sikhipha izitifiketi ze-EN 10204 Type 3.2 uma siceliwe.
Inkomba Yephrojekthi - Umugqa Wesiqu Segesi Yemvelo Enqamula Imingcele YaseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia
Izwe:Isifunda somngcele saseMyanmar - Thailand (ipayipi likaphethiloli elisuka eGulf of Martaban liya eThailand)
Okujwayelekile kanye Nezinga:I-API 5L X60 PSL2 (insizakalo emuncu, enokuhlolwa kwe-HIC kanye ne-SSC)
Ubukhulu kanye nobuningi:
●OD 813mm (32″) × WIT 19.0mm – 36,000 amamitha (cishe amathani ayi-12,600) akhiqizwe ngenqubo ye-UOE
●OD 813mm (32″) × UBUNZIMA 22.0mm – 8,000 amamitha (cishe amathani angu-3,200) akhiqizwe ngenqubo ye-UOE (udonga olujiyile lokuwela umgwaqo/isitimela)
●OD 610mm (24″) × WIT 15.9mm – 12,000 amamitha (cishe amathani angu-2,400) akhiqizwe yinqubo ye-JCOE (umugqa wegatsha oya esiteshini sikagesi)
Isiyonke:Amamitha angu-56,000 (56 km), cishe amathani angu-18,200
Imininingwane:Isembozo sangaphandle se-3LPE (ubukhulu obuphelele obungu-3.0mm) ngokwe-ISO 21809, iziphetho ezigobile ezingama-30° / 1.6mm ubuso bempande obunesivikelo sangaphakathi se-bevel, i-hydrotest ku-15.0 MPa (ingcindezi yomklamo engu-11.5 MPa). Umthelela we-Charpy ophoqelekile ku-0°C kanye no--20°C (ubuncane be-27J, kufinyelelwe ku-90-140J). I-HIC nge-NACE TM0284 Isixazululo A, amahora angu-96 – ukwamukelwa: I-CLR ≤ 5%, i-CTR ≤ 1.5%, i-CSR ≤ 0.5%. I-SSC nge-NACE TM0177 Indlela A, amahora angu-720 – akukho ukuqhekeka okuvunyelwe. I-PWHT ifake isicelo sawo wonke amapayipi ane-WT ≥ 19.0mm. I-UT ezenzakalelayo engu-100% ene-TOFD yomthungo we-weld. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Radiographic (RT) kwamasampula okufaneleka kwe-field weld.
Isicelo:Umzila wegesi yemvelo owela umngcele othutha igesi usuka emasimini asogwini eGulf of Martakan (eMyanmar) uye endaweni yokwamukela igesi ogwini eThailand, bese udlulela esiteshini sikagesi esisebenzisa igesi. Ingxenye yogwini engamakhilomitha angu-56 inqamula indawo yehlathi enezintaba enezinguquko ezinkulu zokuphakama (kufika kumamitha angu-400), kanye nezindawo eziyisithupha ezinkulu zokuwela imigwaqo kanye nezindawo ezintathu zokuwela isitimela.
Izinselele Zobuchwepheshe Nezixazululo:
●Ukuthobela isevisi emuncu yegesi ene-trace H₂S– Igesi yemvelo iqukethe i-5-10 ppm H₂S ekushiseni kokusebenza okungu-55°C. I-Womic yenze ukuhlolwa kwe-HIC kanye ne-SSC ezindaweni zokukhiqiza ezingu-12. Konke kuphumelele nge-CLR 0%, CTR 0%, CSR 0% ye-HIC. Ukuhlolwa kwe-SSC (NACE TM0177, 720h) akubonisanga ukuqhekeka kwendawo. Sifinyelele lokhu ngokugcina i-CEV ≤ 0.38%, sisebenzisa i-PWHT kuwo wonke amapayipi angu-19.0mm kanye no-22.0mm WT (naphezu kwe-API 5L engadingi i-PWHT ngaphansi kuka-25.4mm), kanye nokulawula ukufakwa kokushisa kokushisela ku-≤ 2.8 kJ/mm. Umhloli weklayenti (BV) ubone konke ukuhlolwa futhi waqinisekisa imiphumela.
●Indawo enezintaba enokugoba okuphezulu okude– Indlela yepayipi ihlanganisa ukuthambeka okufika kuma-degrees angu-25. Ukugoba kwensimu kwamapayipi e-X60 kuyinselele kakhulu kunamazinga aphansi ngenxa yamandla aphezulu. Amapayipi e-Womic ahlinzeka ngamapayipi anezihlanganisi ezinde kakhulu (18m esikhundleni se-12m ejwayelekile) ukunciphisa inani lokugoba kwensimu ngo-33%. Siphinde sahlinzeka nge-geometry ekhethekile ye-bevel (i-bevel ehlanganisiwe) evumela ukungalungi kahle kwe-±3° ngesikhathi sokushisela insimu ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni ikhwalithi yokushisela. Ukuma kwagcinwa ku-≤ 0.3% (inqubo ye-UOE) ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana okufanele emathafeni.
●Ubuqotho bokumboza kwe-3LPE endaweni emahlathini– Umswakama ophezulu (80-95% unyaka wonke) kanye nenhlabathi ekrwada ye-laterite kwabangela ingozi yokugqoka. I-Womic yafaka i-3LPE coating ngesendlalelo esengeziwe esingu-0.3mm sokuzinikela. Senze ukutholwa kweholide okungu-100% ku-7kV (i-5kV ejwayelekile) futhi salinganisa amandla okubopha ku-25°C kanye no-70°C (230 N/cm ku-25°C, 160 N/cm ku-70°C). I-coating idlule ekuhlolweni kokuhlukaniswa kwe-cathodic (≤ i-radius engu-8mm ku-65°C, izinsuku ezingu-28).
●Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe okuyinkimbinkimbi yamasiko– Amapayipi athunyelwa esuka eShanghai eya echwebeni laseYangon (eMyanmar), abe esethuthwa ngamaloli amakhilomitha angu-280 eya epayipini elisakazeke eduze komngcele waseThailand. Umzila udlula ezindaweni ezimbili zokuhlola intela. I-Womic ilungiselele imibhalo ethile yezwe (Isitifiketi Sokuqala esivela ku-AK, i-ASEAN-wide). Siphinde sahlela amabhondi okungenisa izimpahla zesikhashana ukuze sigweme ukubambezeleka kokukhokha intela. Wonke amathani angu-18,200 aqede intela zingakapheli izinsuku ezi-5.
●Ukulawula kokufaka ukushisa okushisiwe okuqinile kwe-X60– I-HAZ ye-X60 iyazwela ekufakweni kokushisa okweqile, okungabangela ukuthamba nokunciphisa ukuqina. I-Womic isebenzise uhlelo lwe-SAW olunezintambo ezimbili olunokuqapha kokufakwa kokushisa kukho konke ukudlula kokushisela. Ukufakwa kokushisa okumaphakathi kokushisela kwangaphakathi: 2.2 kJ/mm, ukushisela kwangaphandle: 2.5 kJ/mm (ngaphansi kakhulu komkhawulo we-3.5 kJ/mm). Izinga lokushisa le-interpass ligcinwe ngaphansi kwama-200°C. Ukuqina kokushisela okuwela ngemva kwe-PWHT: insimbi eyisisekelo 78-82 HRB, ukushisela 82-86 HRB, i-HAZ 80-84 HRB – konke kungaphakathi komkhawulo we-90 HRB.
● Umphumela:Ipayipi likaphethiloli laqaliswa ukusebenza ngekota yesithathu ka-2024. Wonke amapayipi e-X60 PSL2 angamakhilomitha angu-56 adlule ekuhlolweni yi-BV Myanmar. Iklayenti libike ukuthi akukho zinkinga zokushisela ngesikhathi sokushisela i-field girth (ngaphezu kwama-girth welds angu-4,600). Ipayipi selisebenze ku-10.5-11.0 MPa izinyanga ezingu-12 ngaphandle kokuvuza noma ukwehluleka kokufaka. I-Womic Steel ithole umklomelo "woMhlinzeki Wonyaka" kunkontileka wase-Thai EPC ngokulethwa ngesikhathi (wonke amathani angu-18,200 alethwe zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-68) kanye nokusebenza kwekhwalithi.
Xhumana:
Iwebhusayithi: www.womicsteel.com
I-imeyili: sales@womicsteel.com
Ucingo / WhatsApp / WeChat:
UVictor: +86 15575100681
UJack: +86 18390957568
I-Womic Steel – Umlingani wakho othembekile wamapayipi e-API 5L X60 LSAW emigqa yemithwalo yegesi yemvelo enomfutho ophezulu, amapayipi asogwini lolwandle, isevisi emuncu, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-arctic emhlabeni jikelele.
Imikhiqizo Ehlobene
-
Inqwaba Yepayipi le-JIS A5525 SKK490 SSAW: Ukukhiqiza ...
-
Ipayipi Lokufaka Insimbi le-EN 10248 S355GP SSAW: Lenziwe...
-
I-EN 10219 S355JRH SSAW Isigaba Esingenalutho: Okwenziwe...
-
![Ipayipi Lesakhiwo le-EN 10025 S355JR SSAW: Amakhono Okukhiqiza kanye Nemininingwane Yomkhiqizo]{.mark}](https://cdn.globalso.com/womicsteel/Steel-Pipe-Picture-6.jpg)
Ipayipi Lokwakheka le-EN 10025 S355JR SSAW: Lenziwe...
-
Ipayipi Lensimbi le-ASTM A572 GR.50 SSAW: Ukukhiqiza ...
-
![Iphayiphi Yesakhiwo ye-ASTM A500 GR.B SSAW: Amakhono Okukhiqiza kanye Nemininingwane Yomkhiqizo]{.mark}](https://cdn.globalso.com/womicsteel/Steel-Pipe-Picture-58.jpg)
Ipayipi Lokwakha le-ASTM A500 GR.B SSAW: Umkhiqizi...
-
Inqwaba Yepayipi Lensimbi ye-ASTM A252 GR.3 SSAW: Umkhiqizi...
-
Ipayipi Lensimbi le-API 5L X65 SSAW: Ukukhiqiza i-Capab...
-
Ipayipi Lensimbi le-API 5L X52 SSAW: Ukukhiqiza i-Capab...