1. Insimbi Yomdabu: Amakhono Okukhiqiza kanye Namandla Enkampani
I-Womic Steel Group isebenzisa imigqa eminingi yokukhiqiza ye-LSAW ehlanganisa izindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko zokwakha kanye namakhono akhethekile odonga olusindayo. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-X65 kudinga ukucutshungulwa okuthuthukisiwe kwe-thermomechanical controlled controlled (TMCP) kwamapuleti kanye nokulawula okunembile kokufaka ukushisa ngesikhathi sokushisela.
● Umugqa we-JCOE:Kumadayamitha angu-406mm – 1,422mm (16″–56″), ubukhulu bodonga obufika ku-50.8mm. I-JCO eyakha isinyathelo ngesinyathelo enokwandiswa ngomshini. Ifanele ukusetshenziswa kwezintambo eziningi ze-X65 ezisogwini.
●Umugqa we-UOE:Kumadayamitha angu-508mm – 1,220mm (20″–48″), ubukhulu bodonga bufika ku-40mm. Ukwakheka kwe-U bese kuba ukwakheka kwe-O okunokwandiswa kwe-hydraulic. Ukunemba okuhle kakhulu kobukhulu (±0.2% OD), okukhethwa kakhulu kumapayipi asogwini olujulile, ama-risers, kanye nesevisi emuncu.
●Ipuleti Eligoqiwe (Umthungo Owodwa):Kuma-diameter angu-600mm – 1,600mm (24″–63″), ubukhulu bodonga busukela ku-25mm kuya ku-70mm. Ipuleti elilodwa ligoqwe libe yi-cylinder. Lifanelekela amapayipi e-X65 odonga asindayo adinga ukumelana okukhulu kokugoba.
●Ipuleti Eligoqiwe (Umthungo Ophindwe Kabili):Ukuze kube nobukhulu bodonga > 50.8mm kuya ku-80mm, kusetshenziswa amapuleti amabili ashiselwe ngobude. Asetshenziselwa amapayipi e-CO₂ anomfutho ophezulu kakhulu kanye nokujova ngamanzi.
Inani lamandla e-LSAW lidlula amathani angu-300,000 ngonyaka, kanti ukukhiqizwa kwe-X65 okuzinikele kudlula amathani angu-70,000 ngonyaka. I-Womic Steel ine-API 5L Monogram, ISO 9001, CE PED, futhi ihlolwa njalo yi-ABS, DNV, TÜV, kanye ne-BV. Irekhodi lomhlaba wonke emazweni angaphezu kuka-80 anezipayipi ze-X65 ezingaphezu kwamakhilomitha angu-1,200 ezihlinzekwayo.
Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kokukhiqiza:
●I-JCOE: 406–1,422mm OD × 6.0–50.8mm Isisindo × ≤ 18m
●I-UOE: 508–1,220mm OD × 6.0–40.0mm WIT × ≤ 24m (ukwanda komshini, ukuzungeza ±0.2%)
●Ipuleti eligoqiwe (umthungo owodwa): 600–1,600mm OD × 25–70mm Isisindo × ≤ 12m
●Ipuleti eligoqiwe (umthungo ophindwe kabili): 1,000–2,000mm OD × 25–80mm Isisindo × ≤ 12m
Wonke amapayipi e-X65 angahlinzekwa nge-PWHT (ukwelashwa kokushisa ngemuva kokushiswa) ukuze kusetshenziswe udonga olujiyile noma olumuncu. Ukuhlolwa komthelela wokushisa okuphansi kuyatholakala kuze kufike ku--46°C kanye no--60°C.
2. I-API 5L X65: Izici Zokwakheka Nokusebenza Kwezinto
I-API 5L X65 (L450) iyipayipi elinamandla aphezulu elisetshenziswa kakhulu ekudlulisweni kwegesi enomfutho ophezulu ebangeni elide kanye namapayipi ajulile ogwini lolwandle. Amandla amancane okukhiqiza angu-450 MPa (65,300 psi) kanye namandla okudonsa angu-535 MPa (77,600 psi). I-X65 ikhiqizwa kusetshenziswa ukugoqa okulawulwayo (TMCP) nge-microalloying (Nb, V, Ti, ngokuvamile nge-Mo yesevisi emuncu) ukuze kufezwe isakhiwo esincane se-ferrite noma se-bainitic.
Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali (Ukuhlaziywa Kwezindebe, ubuningi be-% ngobuningi):
| Isici | I-API 5L X65 PSL1 (ubuningi %) | I-API 5L X65 PSL2 (ubuningi %) | Isevisi Emnandi (okuhlosiwe okuvamile) |
| C | 0.22 (okuvamile 0.08-0.10) | 0.12 | ≤ 0.08 |
| Mn | 1.60 | 1.60 | ≤ 1.50 |
| P | 0.025 | 0.025 | ≤ 0.015 |
| S | 0.015 | 0.015 | ≤ 0.003 |
| Si | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.15-0.40 |
| V | 0.10 | 0.10 | ≤ 0.08 |
| Nb | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.03-0.05 |
| Ti | 0.04 | 0.04 | ≤ 0.025 |
| Mo | Akucacisiwe | Akucacisiwe | ≤ 0.30 (ngomuncu) |
| I-CEV | Akucacisiwe | ≤ 0.43 | ≤ 0.40 (okuvamile ≤ 0.38) |
Ukuze kusetshenziswe i-sour, i-Womic igcina i-CEV ≤ 0.40% futhi isebenzisa amapuleti anekhabhoni ephansi, i-manganese ephansi, ne-sulfur ephansi kanye nokwelashwa kwe-calcium ukulawula ukuma kokufakwa.
Izakhiwo Zomshini (Izinga Lokushisa Legumbi):
| Impahla | I-API 5L X65 PSL1 | I-API 5L X65 PSL2 |
| Amandla Okukhiqiza (iminithi) | I-450 MPa (65,300 psi) | 450–600 MPa |
| Amandla Okudonsa (iminithi) | 535 MPa (77,600 psi) | 535–760 MPa |
| Ukwelulwa (iminithi) | 19% (ngegeyiji engu-50mm) | 19% |
| Isilinganiso Sokukhiqiza (ubuningi) | Akucacisiwe | 0.93 |
| Ubulukhuni (ubuningi) | Akucacisiwe | 90 HRB (okumuncu: 85 HRB ejwayelekile) |
| Ukuqina Komthelela (iminithi) | Akudingeki | 27 J @ 0°C (ongakukhetha -20°C, -40°C, -46°C) |
Ukuqhathaniswa ne-X60 kanye ne-X70:
| Ibanga | I-MPa ephumayo | I-MPa ethambile | Isilinganiso Sokukhiqiza | Isicelo Esijwayelekile |
| I-X60 | 415 | 520 | ≤ 0.93 | Igesi enomfutho ophezulu, ogwini lolwandle |
| I-X65 | 450 | 535 | ≤ 0.93 | Umfutho ophezulu kakhulu, amanzi ajulile |
| X70 | 485 | 570 | ≤ 0.93 | Ukucindezela okuphezulu kakhulu, ibanga elide |
3. Ukuhambisana Nobubanzi Nokulinganisa Kwezindinganiso
| Into | Imininingwane |
| Okujwayelekile | I-API 5L PSL1 / PSL2 (futhi i-ISO 3183 L450, DNV-OS-F101 L450) |
| Izinqubo Zokukhiqiza | I-JCOE, i-UOE, ipuleti eligoqiwe (umthungo owodwa/ophindwe kabili) |
| Ububanzi Bobubanzi Bangaphandle | 219mm – 1,600mm (8″ – 63″) |
| Ububanzi Bokujiya Kodonga | I-JCOE/UOE: 6.0mm – 50.8mm; Ipuleti eligoqiwe: 25mm – 70mm (kufika ku-80mm ngokwezifiso) |
| Ibanga Lobude | Okujwayelekile: 6m, 12m, 18m; Okunwetshiwe: kufika ku-24m (JCOE/UOE) noma ku-12m (ipuleti eligoqiwe) |
| Ukuqeda Ukuqeda | Isiphelo Esilula (PE), Isiphelo Esibekiwe (BE) nge-API 5L (i-bevel engu-30°, ubuso bempande obungu-1.6mm) |
| Ukuqedwa Komphezulu | Okungenalutho, Okugcotshwe ngamafutha, 3LPE, 3LPP, FBE, Coal Tar Epoxy, Liquid Epoxy |
| Ukubekezelelana | I-OD: ±0.5% noma ±3.2mm (noma ngabe ingaphansi); Isisindo: -0% / +15%; Ubude: +50mm / -0mm |
4. Ubukhulu Nemininingwane Etholakalayo – Ipayipi Lensimbi le-API 5L X65 LSAW (Osayizi Abajwayelekile Abakhethiwe)
| I-OD (mm) | Izinketho ze-WT (mm) | Inqubo | Isisindo Esilinganiselwayo (kg/m) | Ubude Obujwayelekile | Isicelo Esijwayelekile |
| 273 | 6.4, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5 | I-JCOE | 42.1 – 80.1 | 12m | Imigqa yegesi eseceleni |
| 324 | 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 14.0 | I-JCOE | 62.4 – 107.1 | 12m / 18m | Ukuqoqwa kwegesi |
| 406 | 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 19.0 | I-JCOE/UOE | 78.5 – 181.4 | 12m / 18m | Imigqa yesiqu |
| 508 | 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 19.0, 22.0 | I-UOE | 122.8 – 263.8 | 12m / 18m / 24m | Igesi enomfutho ophezulu |
| 610 | 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 28.0 | I-UOE | 184.2 – 401.8 | 12m / 18m / 24m | Imigqa emikhulu yemithwalo yegesi |
| 711 | 14.0, 16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 28.0, 30.0 | I-JCOE/UOE | 240.7 – 503.8 | 12m / 18m | Igesi enqamula izwe |
| 813 | 16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 30.0, 32.0, 35.0 | I-JCOE | 314.4 – 671.4 | 12m / 18m | Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe |
| 914 | 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 30.0, 35.0, 38.0, 40.0 | I-JCOE | 419.5 – 862.0 | 12m / 18m | Igesi yamanzi ajulile |
| 1,016 | 22.0, 25.4, 30.0, 35.0, 40.0, 45.0, 50.0 | I-JCOE/Egoqiwe | 539.2 – 1,191.7 | 12m | Amanzi ajulile kakhulu |
| 1,220 | 25.4, 30.0, 35.0, 40.0, 45.0, 50.0, 55.0 | Okugoqiwe (okukodwa) | 748.4 – 1,577.8 | 12m | Amapayipi e-Arctic |
| 1,422 | 30.0, 35.0, 40.0, 45.0, 50.0, 55.0, 60.0 | Okugoqiwe (okukodwa) | 1,030 – 2,016 | 12m | I-CO₂ enomfutho ophezulu |
| 1,600 | 35.0, 40.0, 50.0, 60.0, 70.0 | Kugoqwe kabili (okuphindwe kabili) | 1,350 – 2,640 | 10m / 12m | Iphrojekthi ekhethekile |
*Amapayipi e-X65 aqinile odongeni (≥ 25mm ukuze asebenze kahle, ≥ 32mm uma engekho muncu) adinga i-PWHT. I-X65 emanzini ajulile idinga ukushaywa yi-Charpy ku--20°C noma ngaphansi kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-CTOD.*
5. Izindinganiso Ezivamile Namabanga – Ipayipi Lomugqa le-LSAW kanye Nepayipi Lokwakheka
| Okujwayelekile | Amabanga Ensimbi | Isicelo Esijwayelekile | Inqubo Yokwakha |
| I-API 5L PSL1/PSL2 | X65, X70 | Ukudluliswa kukawoyela/igesi | I-JCOE/UOE/Egoqiwe |
| I-API 5L PSL2 (emuncu) | X65, X70 | Isevisi emuncu (H₂S) | I-UOE + i-PWHT |
| I-ISO 3183 | L450, L485 | Amaphrojekthi aphesheya | I-JCOE/UOE |
| I-DNV-OS-F101 | L450, L485 | Amapayipi angaphansi kolwandle | I-UOE |
| I-EN 10217-1 | S355JR | Amapayipi okucindezela | I-JCOE |
| I-NORSOK M-120 | I-X65 | Ipulatifomu yase-offshore | I-UOE |
| I-ASTM A671 | CC65, CC70 | Izinga lokushisa eliphansi | Kugoqwe |
Isifinyezo sokusetshenziswa:Amapayipi okuthumela igesi emanzini ajulile, imigqa yemithwalo yegesi enomfutho ophezulu, amapayipi esevisi emuncu, amapayipi e-CO₂ e-CCS, ama-risers angaphansi kolwandle, ukudluliswa kwegesi ye-arctic.
6. Izinqubo Zokukhiqiza – I-LSAW (i-JCOE / i-UOE / Ipuleti Eligoqiwe) lepayipi lensimbi le-X65
I-X65 idinga amapuleti e-TMCP (thermomechanical controlled processing) kanye nokulawula okuqinile kokufaka ukushisa ngesikhathi sokushisela i-SAW ukuze kugcinwe ukuqina kwe-HAZ.
Inqubo ye-JCOE (406–1,422mm OD, 6.0–50.8mm WET):
● Ukugaya umphetho wepuleti (i-X noma i-J bevel) ngokunemba ± 0.5mm
● Ukugoba imiphetho ngaphambi kwesikhathi
● Ukwakheka kwe-JCO ngokulandelana
● Ukushisela ama-tack (ama-tack ahlukaniswe ngezikhala)
● I-Inner SAW (ukufakwa kokushisa ≤ 2.5 kJ/mm kwe-X65)
● Ukususa ingemuva
● I-Outer SAW (ama-multi-pass, izinga lokushisa lama-interpass ≤ 200°C)
● Ukwandiswa kwemishini (1-1.5% OD)
● Kufanelekela iningi lemigqa ye-trunk ye-X65 esogwini
Inqubo ye-UOE (508–1,220mm OD, 6.0–40mm WET):
● Ukucindezela kwe-U (2000-4000t)
● Ukucindezela kwe-O (3000-6000t)
● Ukwandiswa kwemishini (izingxenye ezingu-48-72)
● Ukushisela ngokulawula kokufaka ukushisa
● Kukhethwa kakhulu kumapayipi asogwini olujulile (±0.2% ukuzungeza, ukucindezeleka okuphansi okusele)
Ipuleti Eligoqiwe (Umthungo Owodwa) Wodonga Olunzima (600–1,600mm OD, 25–70mm WIT):
● Ukugoba okugobayo okunezingqimba ezine kusilinda
● I-SAW edlula izikhathi eziningi (impande, ukugcwalisa, isivalo)
● I-PWHT iyimpoqo ngobuningi bodonga ≥ 25mm ukuze kube nenkonzo emuncu
● Isetshenziselwa i-CO₂ enomfutho ophezulu kanye nokujova ngamanzi
Ukwelashwa Kokushisa Ngemva Kokushiswa (PWHT):Ukuze kusetshenziswe i-X65 sour service, i-PWHT isetshenziswa kuzo zonke izingqimba zodonga ≥ 25mm (noma njengoba kuchaziwe). Izinga lokushisa lokucwilisa lingu-580-620°C, bamba ihora eli-1 ngo-25mm. Izinga lokupholisa ≤ 200°C ngehora. Ukuqina ngemva kwe-PWHT: insimbi eyisisekelo 78-85 HRB, i-weld 82-88 HRB.
Amandla Okushisa Okuphansi kanye ne-CTOD:Ngezicelo zasemanzini nase-Arctic, i-Womic inikeza i-X65 nge-Charpy impact ku--46°C (ubuncane be-27J, ejwayelekile i-100-150J) kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-CTOD (Crack Tip Opening Displacement) ngokwe-BS 7448 noma i-ASTM E1820. Inani elijwayelekile le-CTOD: ≥ 0.25mm ku--20°C yensimbi eshisiwe kanye ne-HAZ.
7. Izinqubo Zokulawula Ikhwalithi Nokuhlola ze-API 5L X65 LSAW Steel Pipe
| Isiteji | Indlela Yokuhlola | Inhloso | Inqubo Esebenzayo |
| Ipuleti | Ukuhlaziywa Kwamakhemikhali (OES) | Qinisekisa ukwakheka kwe-X65 | Konke |
| Ipuleti | I-Ultrasonic (i-lamination) | Thola amaphutha angaphakathi | Konke |
| Ipuleti | Ukuthamba (L+T) | Izakhiwo zemishini | Konke |
| Ipuleti | Usayizi wezinhlamvu (ASTM E112) | Okusanhlamvu okuhle (ASTM 10+) | I-X65 PSL2 |
| Ngesikhathi sokwakheka | Okuyindilinga (OD, ukujiya) | Qinisekisa ukufana | Konke |
| Umthungo wokushisela | I-UT ezenzakalelayo engu-100% (TOFD) | Thola amaphutha okushisela | Konke |
| Umthungo wokushisela | RT (indawo/igcwele) | Ikhwalithi yokushisela | Konke |
| Umthungo wokushisela | I-MPI (izinzwane/i-HAZ) | Imifantu engaphezulu | Konke |
| Umthungo wokushisela | Ukuqina komgwaqo (ukushisela, i-HAZ, i-BM) | Isevisi emuncu | I-PSL2 emuncu |
| Ipayipi eliqediwe | Ukuhlolwa Kwamanzi | Ubuqotho bengcindezi | Konke |
| Ipayipi eliqediwe | I-Charpy V-Notch (PSL2) | Ukuqina kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi | I-PSL2 kuphela |
| Ipayipi eliqediwe | Ubulukhuni (HRB/HV10) | Ukuthobela imithetho | I-PSL2 emuncu |
| Ipayipi eliqediwe | Ukugoba Okuqondiswayo / Ukuthamba | Ukuguquguquka | Konke |
| Ipayipi eliqediwe | I-DWTT (ongakukhetha) | Ukusabalala kokuphuka | I-Arctic |
| Ipayipi eliqediwe | I-CTOD (ongakukhetha) | Ukuqina kokuphuka | Ugu lolwandle/amanzi ajulile |
Ongakukhetha ngensizakalo ebalulekile:
● I-HIC nge-NACE TM0284 (Isixazululo A noma B, amahora angu-96)
● I-SSC nge-NACE TM0177 (Indlela A, 720h)
● Umthelela wokushisa okuphansi ku--46°C, -60°C
● I-DWTT ku--20°C noma ngaphansi (≥ 85% indawo yokusika)
● I-CTOD ku--20°C noma -46°C (≥ 0.25mm)
● I-UT yomzimba wonke (hhayi nje umthungo)
Ukuhlolwa kokugqwala (i-CO₂, i-brine)
8. Izicelo Eziyinhloko – Ipayipi Lensimbi le-API 5L X65 LSAW
Amapayipi okuthumela igesi kwamanye amazwe emanzini ajulile– Ukujula kwamanzi kufika ku-3,000m, ukumelana okuphezulu kwengcindezi yangaphandle (inqubo ye-UOE enokujikeleza okuqinile)
Imigqa yemithwalo yegesi yemvelo enomfutho ophezulu– Izingcindezi zokusebenza ezifika ku-15 MPa (2,200 psi), ukunciphisa ubukhulu bodonga uma kuqhathaniswa namazinga aphansi
Amapayipi kawoyela negesi ahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezimuncu– Izindawo eziqukethe i-H₂S (i-PSL2 ene-HIC/SSC, i-PWHT, ubulukhuni ≤ 85 HRB)
Amapayipi e-CO₂ okubamba nokugcina ikhabhoni (CCS)– Ukuthuthwa kwe-CO₂ enomfutho ophezulu, kudinga ukuqina kokushisa okuphansi
Izikhuphuli kanye nemigqa yokugeleza kwamanzi angaphansi kolwandle- Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga i-CTOD kanye nokuhlolwa kokukhathala
Amapayipi egesi ase-Arctic nase-permafrost– Ukushisa okuphansi kwehle kufike ku--46°C, i-DWTT yokulawula ukuphuka
Imigqa yokujova amanzi enomfutho ophezulu- Ukuvuselelwa kwamafutha okuthuthukisiwe, ingcindezi efinyelela ku-35 MPa
Izihibe zokunweba ipayipi– Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinobunzima obukhulu ezidinga ukwakheka okusekelwe ekucindezelweni (X65 enesilinganiso esibekiwe sokuvunwa)
9. Ukupakisha Nokuthumela – Ipayipi Lensimbi le-API 5L X65 LSAW
Kufana nemikhiqizo yangaphambilini enokunakekelwa okwengeziwe kokuvikelwa kokumboza kumapayipi e-X65 anenani eliphezulu. Amapayipi apakishwa ngamanye amapayipi okhuni ambozwe ngendwangu, izivalo zokugcina, kanye nezikhwama zomusi ezivimbela ukugqwala ohambweni olude lolwandle. Kumaphrojekthi ajulile, kunikezwa ukunakwa okukhethekile ekuvikelweni kwe-bevel.
10. Izinzuzo ze-Womic Steel kanye ne-FAQ – Ipayipi Lensimbi le-API 5L X65 LSAW
Kungani i-Womic Steel isetshenziswa nge-X65 LSAW?
● Inqubo ye-UOE inikeza ukuzungeza okungu-±0.2% kwe-OD - okubalulekile ekumelaneni nokuwa kwamanzi ajulile
● Isevisi ethambile eqinisekisiwe ngekhono le-HIC/SSC kanye ne-PWHT
● Ukushisa okuphansi okuphansi kuya ku--60°C kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-CTOD kwemishini yokuqhekeka
● Ukuvunyelwa kwe-API 5L Monogram + DNV kolwandle
● Amapayipi e-X65 angaphezu kwamakhilomitha ayi-1,200 ahlinzekwa emhlabeni jikelele
● Ukuhlolwa komuntu wesithathu yi-DNV, ABS, BV, SGS, TÜV
Imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa:
U: Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-X65 ne-X60 yamapayipi asogwini lolwandle?
A: I-X65 inikeza amandla okukhiqiza aphezulu angu-8% (450 vs 415 MPa), okuvumela izindonga ezincane kancane. Kumanzi ajulile (≥ 1,000m), i-X65 ivame ukuthandwa ngenxa yokumelana kwayo nokuwa okungcono nokusebenza kwayo kokukhathala. Kodwa-ke, i-X65 idinga izinqubo zokushisela eziqinile futhi ibucayi kakhulu ekuqhekekeni kwe-hydrogen. Ekujuleni kwamanzi <500m, i-X60 ingase ibe engabizi kakhulu.
U: Ungakwazi yini ukunikeza i-X65 ngokuhlolwa kwe-CTOD kwezikhuphuli zasogwini?
A: Yebo. Senza ukuhlolwa kwe-CTOD ngokwe-BS 7448 noma i-ASTM E1820 emazingeni okushisa acacisiwe (ngokuvamile -20°C noma -46°C). Amanani amancane e-CTOD: 0.25mm yensimbi eshidiwe, 0.30mm ye-HAZ. Sihlinzeke nge-X65 evivinywe yi-CTOD ku北海kanye namaphrojekthi aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia asogwini lolwandle.
U: Bungakanani ubukhulu bodonga obuphezulu bepayipi le-X65 LSAW?
A: I-JCOE/UOE max 50.8mm, ipuleti eligoqiwe elilodwa elifika ku-70mm, ipuleti eligoqiwe eliphindwe kabili elifika ku-80mm. Ukuze kube nobukhulu bodonga > 50.8mm, i-PWHT iyimpoqo. Muva nje sinikeze ipayipi le-CO₂ elinomfutho ophezulu i-X65 × 60mm WT.
U: Uqinisekisa kanjani ukuthi i-HAZ iqinile ekushiseleni insimu ye-X65?
A: Silawula i-plate chemistry (i-CEV ephansi, ≤ 0.40%), ukufakwa kokushisa ngesikhathi se-SAW (≤ 2.5 kJ/mm), kanye nokushisa okuphakathi (≤ 200°C). Sinikeza izincomo ze-welding procedure qualification (WPQ) kumakhasimende futhi singahlinzeka ngamasampula asetshenziswayo e-welding. Umthelela ojwayelekile we-HAZ Charpy ku--20°C: 120-200J.
Q: Ingabe i-X65 ifanelekela isevisi ye-sour (H₂S)?
A: Yebo, kodwa idinga i-PSL2 ene-CEV ephansi (≤ 0.40%), i-PWHT yazo zonke izingqimba zodonga ≥ 20mm, ubulukhuni ≤ 85 HRB, kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-HIC/SSC. I-Womic inikeze isevisi ye-sour X65 eMiddle East (30 ppm H₂S) kanye neCanada (igesi emuncu).
Q: Singakanani isikhathi esijwayelekile sokuhola ipayipi le-X65 LSAW?
A: I-X65 PSL1 ejwayelekile: izinsuku ezingu-40-55. I-X65 PSL2 enesevisi emuncu kanye ne-PWHT: izinsuku ezingu-60-80. Ama-oda asheshayo (izinsuku ezingu-30-45) ngobuningi obungaphansi kwamathani angu-2,000 uma amapuleti ekhona esitokweni.
Inkomba Yephrojekthi – Ipayipi Lokuthumela Igesi Elivela Emanzini Ajulile E-North Sea
Izwe:INorway (North Sea, indawo yaseBalder field)
Okujwayelekile kanye Nezinga:I-API 5L X65 PSL2 enesevisi emuncu kanye nezidingo ze-CTOD
Ubukhulu kanye nobuningi:
● OD 610mm (24″) × WIT 22.2mm – 28,000 amamitha (cishe amathani angu-9,200) akhiqizwe ngenqubo ye-UOE
● OD 610mm (24″) × UBUNZIMA 25.4mm – 6,000 amamitha (cishe amathani angu-2,300) akhiqizwe ngenqubo ye-UOE (udonga olujiyile lwesigaba se-riser)
● OD 813mm (32″) × UBUNZIMA 30.0mm – 4,000 amamitha (cishe amathani angu-2,500) akhiqizwe ngepuleti eligoqiwe elilodwa (lokusondela ogwini)
Isiyonke:Amamitha angu-38,000 (38 km), cishe amathani angu-14,000
Imininingwane:Isembozo sangaphandle se-3LPP (ubukhulu obuphelele obungu-3.5mm) sesevisi yokushisa okuphezulu (110°C), iziphetho ezigobile ezingama-30° / 1.6mm ubuso bempande obunezivikeli ze-bevel zensimbi engagqwali, i-hydrotest kuma-22.5 MPa (umfutho womklamo ongu-17.0 MPa). Umthelela we-Charpy ophoqelekile kuma--20°C (ubuncane obungu-50J, kufinyelelwe ku-120-200J) naku--46°C (ubuncane obungu-27J, kufinyelelwe ku-80-150J). Ukuhlolwa kwe-CTOD ngokwe-BS 7448 ku--20°C – ukwamukelwa: insimbi yokushisela ≥ 0.25mm, i-HAZ ≥ 0.30mm. I-HIC nge-NACE TM0284 (Isixazululo A, 96h) – ukwamukelwa: I-CLR 0%, i-CTR 0%, i-CSR 0%. I-SSC nge-NACE TM0177 – akukho ukuqhekeka. I-PWHT ifakiwe kuwo wonke amapayipi ngenxa yesevisi emuncu. I-UT engu-100% ene-TOFD kanye ne-UT yomzimba wonke (hhayi nje umthungo). Ukuhlolwa kwe-DNV komuntu wesithathu kulo lonke ukukhiqizwa.
Isicelo:Ipayipi lokuthumela igesi emanzini ajulile lisuka ensimini yaseBalder (ukujula kwamanzi okungu-800-1,200m) liye endaweni yokwamukela amanzi ogwini eNorway. Ipayipi elingamakhilomitha angu-38 lihlanganisa ingxenye yokuphakama enamandla (2 km, 25.4mm WT) kanye nendlela yokusondela ogwini ngokusebenzisa indawo enamadwala (4 km, 30mm WT rolled plate).
Izinselele Zobuchwepheshe Nezixazululo:
● Ukumelana nokuwa kwamanzi ajulile– Ukujula kwamanzi kufikela ku-1,200m kubeka ingcindezi yangaphandle engu-12.5 MPa. Ipayipi le-UOE elingu-24″ × 22.2mm elidingekayo ukuze lihlangabezane nengcindezi yokuwa ≥ 25 MPa (isici sokuphepha 2). Amapayipi e-UOE akhiqizwe yi-Womic ane-ovality ≤ 0.2% (alinganiswa ku-0.15-0.18%) kanye nokucindezeleka okusele ≤ 35% SMYS. Senze ukuhlaziywa kwe-finite element (FEA) kumapharamitha okukhiqiza futhi saqinisekiswa ngokuhlolwa kwengcindezi yokuwa kumasampula amabili aphelele (afinyelele ku-28.5 MPa kanye no-29.2 MPa).
● Isevisi emuncu ene-H₂S ephezulu– Igesi iqukethe i-50 ppm H₂S ekushiseni kokusebenza okungu-90°C. Amapuleti e-Womic akhethiwe anekhabhoni ephansi (C ≤ 0.07%), ane-manganese ephansi (Mn ≤ 1.40%), ane-sulfur ephansi (S ≤ 0.002%) ngokwelashwa nge-calcium. I-CEV igcinwe ku-0.35-0.38%. I-PWHT isetshenziswe kuwo wonke amapayipi (ukucwilisa ku-600°C ± 10°C, ibambe amahora angu-1.5). Ukuqina ngemva kwe-PWHT: insimbi eyisisekelo 78-84 HRB, i-weld 82-86 HRB, i-HAZ 80-84 HRB. Ukuhlolwa kwe-HIC ne-SSC kudlule ngaphandle kwemifantu.
● Ukuqina kokuphuka kwe-CTOD kwe-riser– Isigaba sokuphakamisa esishintshashintshayo sidinga ukuqina okukhulu kokuphuka ukuze simelane nokulayishwa kwamagagasi. I-Womic yenze ukuhlolwa kwe-CTOD kunsimbi yokushisela kanye ne-HAZ ku--20°C. Imiphumela: insimbi yokushisela engu-0.35-0.55mm (kudingeka ≥ 0.25mm), i-HAZ 0.40-0.70mm (kudingeka ≥ 0.30mm). Siphinde senza i-Charpy yokushisa okuphansi ku--46°C (isilinganiso esingu-110J). I-DNV ibone konke ukuhlolwa kwe-CTOD.
● Ukugqoka okuphezulu (3LPP)– Izinga lokushisa lokusebenza lingu-90°C, kanti izinga eliphezulu lingu-110°C ngesikhathi sokuvala. I-3LPE ejwayelekile (i-polyethylene) inqunyelwe ku-80°C. Isembozo se-3LPP (i-polypropylene) esifakwe ngowesifazane esinobukhulu obungu-3.5mm (ungqimba oluphezulu 2.5mm + okunamathelayo okungu-0.5mm + FBE 0.5mm). Isembozo sidlule ekuhlolweni kokuhlukaniswa kwe-cathodic ku-110°C (irediyasi yokuhlukaniswa ≤ 8mm ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-28). Amandla okuhlubula ku-110°C alinganiswa ku-60 N/cm (ubuncane obungu-50 N/cm).
● Ukubekezelelana okukhulu kakhulu kokufakwa kwe-reel-lay– Ipayipi lifakwe kusetshenziswa indlela yokubeka ama-reel (ipayipi lifakwe esitsheni se-reel). Lokhu kudinga ukulawulwa okuqine kakhulu kwe-ovality (≤ 0.2%) kanye nokuphakama kokuqinisa i-weld ≤ 0.5mm. Inqubo ye-Womic ye-UOE ifinyelele i-ovality engu-0.15-0.18%. Sigaye ama-weld caps afinyelela ku-≤ ukuphakama okungu-0.3mm. Wonke amapayipi aphumelele ukuhlolwa okukhethekile "kokuphindeka": imijikelezo eyi-10 egcwele ye-spooling ngaphandle kokuqhekeka.
● Ukuthutha izinto eNorway– Amapayipi athunyelwa esuka eShanghai aya eStavanger, eNorway ngesikebhe esinobukhulu obuthile (isithwali sepayipi esikhethekile). Ukuwela uLwandle Olusenyakatho kwasebusika kwakudinga ukupakishwa okuvimbela ukujiya. Izikhwama ze-VCI (i-vapor corrosion inhibitor) ezisetshenziswe yi-Womic kanye ne-silica gel desiccants ngaphakathi kwezivalo zokugcina. Wonke amathani angu-14,000 afika ngaphandle kokulimala kokugqwala noma kokumboza.
Umphumela:Ipayipi lokuthumela igesi yasensimini iBalder lafakwa ngekota yesithathu ka-2024. Ukufakwa kwe-reel-lay (okwenziwa ngusonkontileka ohamba phambili ogwini lolwandle) kubike ukuthi akukho ukwehluleka komzimba wepayipi noma umthungo wokushisela ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwepayipi kanye nokufakwa kwalo. Wonke amakhilomitha angu-38 adlule ekuhlolweni kokucindezela phansi kolwandle. Iklayenti (umqhubi omkhulu waseNorway) likhiphe "uMklomelo Wokusebenza Komhlinzeki" ku-Womic Steel, liphawula "ukuvumelana okumangalisayo kanye nemiphumela ye-CTOD." I-Womic manje isingumhlinzeki ovunyelwe wamaphrojekthi amabili engeziwe okuhlanganisa iNorth Sea.
Xhumana:
Iwebhusayithi: www.womicsteel.com
I-imeyili: sales@womicsteel.com
Ucingo / WhatsApp / WeChat:
UVictor: +86 15575100681
UJack: +86 18390957568
I-Womic Steel – Umlingani wakho othembekile wamapayipi e-API 5L X65 LSAW wamapayipi asogwini olujulile, imigqa yegesi enomfutho ophezulu, isevisi emuncu, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-arctic emhlabeni jikelele.
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