1. Insimbi Yomdabu: Amakhono Okukhiqiza kanye Namandla Enkampani
I-Womic Steel Group ingumkhiqizi ovelele kanye nomthengisi wangaphandle emhlabeni jikelele onolwazi olungaphezu kweminyaka engama-20 ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo ye-carbon, i-alloy, kanye ne-stainless steel tubular. Isikhungo sethu sokukhiqiza amapayipi e-ERW esisezingeni eliphezulu sihlanganisa ikhono lokukhiqiza eliphelele elingaphezu kwamathani ayi-15,000 ngenyanga lamapayipi ensimbi ahlanganisiwe anokumelana nogesi.
Ububanzi Bosayizi Bokukhiqiza bepayipi le-EN 10217 P235GH ERW:Ububanzi bangaphandle busukela ku-21.3mm kuya ku-610mm (1/2 intshi kuya ku-24 intshi) kanye nobukhulu bodonga obusukela ku-2.0mm kuya ku-20.0mm. Ubude obungahleliwe obungu-6m, ubude obuphindwe kabili obungu-12m, noma ubude obungokwezifiso njengoba kudingeka.
Izitifiketi Zekhwalithi Nokuhambisana Nemithetho:
Isitifiketi se-ISO 9001:2015:Uhlelo lokuphatha ikhwalithi oluqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo ehambisanayo kuyo yonke imisebenzi.
Ukumaka kwe-CE (PED 2014/68/EU):Ukuthobela ngokugcwele i-European Pressure Equipment Directive yokusetshenziswa kwengcindezi. Ukumakwa kwe-CE kanye neSimemezelo Sokusebenza (i-DoP) kuhlinzekele ukwamukelwa kwemakethe yaseYurophu.
Isitifiketi se-EN 10204 3.2:Isitifiketi Sokuhlola 3.2 esiqinisekiswe yi-TÜV, LR, BV, noma i-SGS ukuze kusetshenziswe ingcindezi ebalulekile edinga ukulandelelwa okugcwele.
Ukuvunyelwa Kokuhlolwa Kweqembu Lesithathu (TPI):Imikhiqizo nezinqubo ezivunyelwe yi-SGS, BV, ABS, LR, DNV, GL, kanye ne-TÜV.
Izitifiketi ezengeziwe:I-ISO 14001, i-ISO 45001 iyatholakala uma iceliwe.
Ukuqashelwa Komhlaba Wonke:I-Womic Steel ingumhlinzeki othembekile kubakhiqizi bamabhoyila, abakhiqizi bezitsha zokucindezela, iziteshi zikagesi, kanye nezikhungo zamakhemikhali kaphethiloli, ekhonza amazwe angaphezu kuka-80 emhlabeni jikelele.
2. Ipayipi Lensimbi le-EN 10217 P235GH ERW: Ukwakheka Kwezinto Nezimpawu Zokusebenza
I-EN 10217 P235GH iyipayipi lensimbi elingelona i-alloy elenzelwe ngqo izinjongo zokucindezela emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. I-"P" isho inhloso yokucindezela, i-"235" isho amandla amancane okukhiqiza angu-235 MPa, i-"G" isho izakhiwo zokushisa eziphakeme, kanti i-"H" isho ukuhlolwa kwe-hydraulic (ingcindezi ye-hydrostatic). Inombolo yebanga 1.0345 iyigama lezinombolo ngaphansi kwe-EN 10027-2.
Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-P265GH (265 MPa yield) kanye ne-P355GH (355 MPa yield), i-P235GH inikeza amandla amahle emazingeni okushisa aphakathi nendawo ngenkathi inikeza ukushibilika okuhle kakhulu kanye nokwakheka. I-P235GH ifaneleka ukusebenza okuqhubekayo emazingeni okushisa afinyelela ku-400°C, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuthandwayo kwama-drum e-boiler, ama-heat exchanger, kanye nemikhumbi yokucindezela esevisini yokushisa ephakathi nendawo.
I-EN 10217 P235GH ERW Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali Epayipi Lensimbi (Ukuhlaziywa Kwezinkezo, % ngobuningi):
| Isici | Ubuningi be-C | Si max | Ubuningi be-Mn | Ubuningi be-P | Ubuningi be-S | Ubuningi be-Cr | I-Cu max | Ubuningi benyanga | I-Ni max |
| I-P235GH | 0.16 | 0.35 | 1.20 | 0.025 | 0.020 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.10 | 0.30 |
*Qaphela: Okuqukethwe kwe-aluminium (Al) kufanele kube okungenani okungu-0.020%. Isamba se-Cr+Cu+Mo+Ni akumele sidlule ku-0.70%. Okuqukethwe kwe-carbon ephansi kanye ne-alloy ephansi kuqinisekisa ukushibilika okuhle kakhulu kanye nokwakheka kahle kokwenziwa kwemishini yokucindezela.*
I-EN 10217 P235GH ERW Izakhiwo Zemishini Yepayipi Lensimbi (Izinga Lokushisa Legumbi):
| Ubukhulu Bodonga (mm) | Amandla Okukhiqiza (iminithi) | Amandla Okudonsa | Ukwelulwa (iminithi) |
| t ≤ 16mm | 235 MPa | 360-500 MPa | 24% |
| 16mm < t ≤ 40mm | 225 MPa | 360-500 MPa | 24% |
| 40mm < t ≤ 60mm | 215 MPa | 360-500 MPa | 23% |
Qaphela: I-P235GH igcina amandla awusizo afinyelela ku-400°C. Kumazinga okushisa aphezulu (ngaphezu kuka-400°C), kunconywa i-P265GH noma amazinga e-alloy afana ne-16Mo3.
I-EN 10217 P235GH Ipayipi Lensimbi le-ERW Amandla Okukhiqiza Izinga Lokushisa Eliphezulu:
| Izinga lokushisa (°C) | 100 | 200 | 300 | 350 | 400 |
| Amandla Okukhiqiza (i-MPa) | 225 | 190 | 170 | 165 | 155 |
Qaphela: Lawa manani amelela amandla amancane okukhiqiza emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, okubonisa ukufaneleka kwe-P235GH ekusetshenzisweni kwebhoyila kanye ne-heat exchanger.
Izakhiwo Zomthelela Wepayipi Lensimbi ye-EN 10217 P235GH ERW:
| Isiqondiso Sokuhlola | Izinga lokushisa | Amandla Aphakathi (iminithi) | Amandla Omuntu Ngamunye (iminithi) |
| I-Longitudinal | 0°C | AmaJoule angu-27 | Ama-Joule angu-20 |
| I-Transverse | 0°C | AmaJoule angu-27 | Ama-Joule angu-20 |
*Qaphela: Ukuhlolwa komthelela kuyimpoqo ku-P235GH ngaphansi kwe-EN 10217-2. Ekusetshenzisweni kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi elingaphansi kuka-0°C, i-P235GH ayivamile ukucaciswa.*
3. EN 10217 P235GH ERW Steel Pipe Dimensional Range & Standards Compliance
I-Womic Steel inikeza amapayipi e-EN 10217 P235GH ERW kuwo wonke ububanzi, ahambisana ngokugcwele ne-EN 10217-2:2024 standard.
| Into | Imininingwane |
| Okujwayelekile | EN 10217-2:2024 (Amashubhu ensimbi ashiselwe ngezinjongo zokucindezela - Amashubhu ensimbi angewona a-alloy kanye ne-alloy anezakhiwo ezithile zokushisa eziphakeme) |
| Ibanga | I-P235GH (1.0345) |
| Inqubo Yokukhiqiza | Ukushisela Ukumelana Nogesi (ERW) / Ukushisela Okuvame Kakhulu (HFW) |
| Ububanzi Bobubanzi Bangaphandle | 21.3mm – 610mm (1/2 intshi – 24 intshi) |
| Ububanzi Bokujiya Kodonga | 2.0mm – 20.0mm |
| Ubude | 6m (SR), 12m (DR), noma ubude obungokwezifiso obufika ku-18m |
| Isimo Sokulethwa | Njengoba kushiselwe / Kujwayelekile (+N) |
| Ukuqeda Ukuqeda | Isiphetho Esilula (PE) / Isiphetho Esigobile (BE) |
| Ukuqedwa Komphezulu | Okungenalutho / Okugcotshwe ngamafutha / Okumnyama Okumboziwe |
| Isigaba Sokuhlola | I-TC1 (isitifiketi esingu-2.2) / I-TC2 (isitifiketi esingu-3.1 esine-NDT) |
| Ukubekezelelana | I-OD: ±1.0% / WIT: ±10% / Ubude: +50mm -0mm |
4. Ubukhulu Nemininingwane Etholakalayo - Ipayipi Lensimbi le-ERW
| NB | Usayizi | OD mm | I-SCH40S mm | I-SCH5S mm | I-SCH10S mm | I-SCH10 mm | I-SCH20 mm | I-SCH40 mm | I-SCH60 mm | I-XS/80S mm | I-SCH80 mm | I-SCH100 mm | I-SCH120 mm | I-SCH140 mm | I-SCH160 mm | I-SCHXXS mm |
| 6 | 1/8” | 10.29 | 1.24 | 1.73 | 2.41 | |||||||||||
| 8 | 1/4” | 13.72 | 1.65 | 2.24 | 3.02 | |||||||||||
| 10 | 3/8” | 17.15 | 1.65 | 2.31 | 3.20 | |||||||||||
| 15 | 1/2” | 21.34 | 2.77 | 1.65 | 2.11 | 2.77 | 3.73 | 3.73 | 4.78 | 7.47 | ||||||
| 20 | 3/4” | 26.67 | 2.87 | 1.65 | 2.11 | 2.87 | 3.91 | 3.91 | 5.56 | 7.82 | ||||||
| 25 | 1” | 33.40 | 3.38 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.38 | 4.55 | 4.55 | 6.35 | 9.09 | ||||||
| 32 | 1 1/4” | 42.16 | 3.56 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.56 | 4.85 | 4.85 | 6.35 | 9.70 | ||||||
| 40 | 1 1/2” | 48.26 | 3.68 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.68 | 5.08 | 5.08 | 7.14 | 10.15 | ||||||
| 50 | 2” | 60.33 | 3.91 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.91 | 5.54 | 5.54 | 9.74 | 11.07 | ||||||
| 65 | 2 1/2” | 73.03 | 5.16 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 5.16 | 7.01 | 7.01 | 9.53 | 14.02 | ||||||
| 80 | 3” | 88.90 | 5.49 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 5.49 | 7.62 | 7.62 | 11.13 | 15.24 | ||||||
| 90 | 3 1/2” | 101.60 | 5.74 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 5.74 | 8.08 | 8.08 | ||||||||
| 100 | 4” | 114.30 | 6.02 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 6.02 | 8.56 | 8.56 | 11.12 | 13.49 | 17.12 | |||||
| 125 | 5” | 141.30 | 6.55 | 2.77 | 3.40 | 6.55 | 9.53 | 9.53 | 12.70 | 15.88 | 19.05 | |||||
| 150 | 6” | 168.27 | 7.11 | 2.77 | 3.40 | 7.11 | 10.97 | 10.97 | 14.27 | 18.26 | 21.95 | |||||
| 200 | 8” | 219.08 | 8.18 | 2.77 | 3.76 | 6.35 | 8.18 | 10.31 | 12.70 | 12.70 | 15.09 | 19.26 | 20.62 | 23.01 | 22.23 | |
| 250 | 10” | 273.05 | 9.27 | 3.40 | 4.19 | 6.35 | 9.27 | 12.70 | 12.70 | 15.09 | 19.26 | 21.44 | 25.40 | 28.58 | 25.40 | |
| 300 | 12” | 323.85 | 9.53 | 3.96 | 4.57 | 6.35 | 10.31 | 14.27 | 12.70 | 17.48 | 21.44 | 25.40 | 28.58 | 33.32 | 25.40 | |
| 350 | 14” | 355.60 | 9.53 | 3.96 | 4.78 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 11.13 | 15.09 | 12.70 | 19.05 | 23.83 | 27.79 | 31.75 | 35.71 | |
| 400 | 16” | 406.40 | 9.53 | 4.19 | 4.78 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 16.66 | 12.70 | 21.44 | 26.19 | 30.96 | 36.53 | 40.49 | |
| 450 | 18” | 457.20 | 9.53 | 4.19 | 4.78 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 14.27 | 19.05 | 12.70 | 23.83 | 29.36 | 34.93 | 39.67 | 45.24 | |
| 500 | 20” | 508.00 | 9.53 | 4.78 | 5.54 | 6.35 | 9.53 | 15.09 | 20.62 | 12.70 | 26.19 | 32.54 | 38.10 | 44.45 | 50.01 | |
| 550 | 22” | 558.80 | 9.53 | 4.78 | 5.54 | 6.35 | 9.53 | 22.23 | 12.70 | 28.58 | 34.93 | 41.28 | 47.63 | 53.98 | ||
| 600 | 24” | 609.60 | 9.53 | 5.54 | 6.35 | 6.35 | 9.53 | 17.48 | 24.61 | 12.70 | 30.96 | 38.89 | 46.02 | 52.37 | 59.54 | |
| 650 | 26” | 660.40 | 9.53 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 12.70 |
Qaphela: Ukutholakala kobukhulu bodonga kungahluka ngokuya ngobubanzi bepayipi kanye nekhono lokukhiqiza. Ubukhulu obungokwezifiso ngaphandle kwalolu hlu buyatholakala uma uceliwe.
5. Izindinganiso Zepayipi Lensimbi Ejwayelekile ye-ERW Ekhiqizwe yi-Womic Steel
| Okujwayelekile | Amabanga Ajwayelekile | Isicelo Esijwayelekile |
| I-API 5L (Imininingwane yepayipi yomugqa) | ||
| I-API 5L PSL1 / PSL2 | GR.B, X42, X52, X60, X65, X70 | Ukudluliswa kukawoyela negesi, amapayipi asogwini/asogwini |
| Ipayipi Lomugqa we-ASTM kanye Nepayipi Lokwakheka | ||
| I-ASTM A53 (Imininingwane yepayipi, insimbi, emnyama neshisayo, embozwe nge-zinc, ehlanganisiwe futhi engenamthungo) | GR.A, GR.B | Amanzi, igesi, umusi, umoya, izinhlelo zokusebenza zesakhiwo |
| I-ASTM A135 (Imininingwane Yepayipi Lensimbi Elihlanganisiwe Elimelana Nokumelana Nogesi) | GR.A, GR.B | Izinsizakalo zamanzi, igesi, umusi, izindawo zokuhluza |
| I-ASTM A252 (Imininingwane Yamaphayiphi Ensimbi Ahlanganisiwe Nangenamthungo) | GR.1, GR.2, GR.3 | Ukufakwa kwesisekelo, ukufakwa kwesisekelo sasolwandle, isisekelo sebhuloho |
| I-ASTM A500 (Imininingwane Yepayipi Lesakhiwo Lensimbi Yekhabhoni Ebunjwe Ngobumba Obuhlanganisiwe Nobungenamthungo) | GR.A, GR.B, GR.C | Amapayipi esakhiwo, ozimele besakhiwo, amabhuloho |
| I-ASTM A501 (Imininingwane Yeshubhu Yesakhiwo Sensimbi Yekhabhoni Ebunjwe Ngokushiswa Nokungenamthungo) | GR.A, GR.B | Izicelo zesakhiwo ezisindayo, amakholomu, ama-trusses |
| I-ASTM Boiler kanye ne-Heat Exchanger (ERW) | ||
| I-ASTM A178 (Imininingwane Yezinsimbi Ze-Carbon Steel Ezihlanganisiwe Ezimelana Nogesi kanye Namashubhu Ebhoyila Ensimbi Ehlanganisiwe Ene-Carbon-Manganese) | Ibanga A, C, D | Amashubhu ebhoyila, amashubhu e-superheater |
| I-ASTM A214 (Imininingwane ye-Carbon Steel Heat Exchanger kanye nama-Condenser Tubes ahambisana nokumelana nogesi) | — | Izishintshi zokushisa, ama-condensers |
| I-ASTM A250 (Imininingwane ye-Ferritic Alloy Steel Boiler kanye nama-Superheater Tubes ahambisana nokumelana nogesi) | T1, T2, T5, T9, T11, T22 | Ibhoyila yokushisa okuphezulu kanye ne-superheater |
| I-ASTM A334 (Imininingwane yamashubhu e-Carbon ne-Alloy Steel angenamthungo futhi ashiselwe esevisi yokushisa okuphansi) | GR.1, GR.3, GR.6 | Isevisi yokushisa okuphansi, i-cryogenic |
| Amazinga e-EN / DIN / BS | ||
| I-EN 10217-1 (Amapayipi ensimbi ahlanganisiwe ngenhloso yokucindezela - Amapayipi ensimbi angewona ahlanganisiwe anezakhiwo ezithile zokushisa kwegumbi) | P235TR1, P265TR1 | Imikhumbi yokucindezela, ama-drum e-boiler, amapayipi okucindezela okuphezulu |
| I-EN 10217-2 (Amashubhu ensimbi ahlanganisiwe ngenhloso yokucindezela - Amashubhu ensimbi angewona a-alloy kanye ne-alloy anezakhiwo ezithile zokushisa eziphakeme) | P235GH, P265GH, P295GH, P355GH | Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme, amashubhu ebhoyila, ama-heat exchanger |
| I-EN 10219-1 (Izingxenye zensimbi ezimboziwe ezihlanganisiwe ezakhiwe ngokubandayo ngenhloso yokwakha) | S235JRH, S275J0H, S275J2H, S355J0H, S355J2H, S355K2H | Izicelo zesakhiwo, ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo, amabhuloho |
| I-EN 10210 (Izingxenye ezingenalutho ezakhiweni eziqediwe ezishisayo zensimbi ezingezona i-alloy kanye nezinsimbi ezincane) | S235JRH, S275J0H, S275J2H, S355J0H, S355J2H, S355K2H S420MH, S460MH | Izingxenye ezingenalutho/ezinezimbobo ezishisiwe ezakhiwe ngokushisa ngenhloso yokwakha, ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo, amabhuloho |
| I-EN 10025-2 (Imikhiqizo egoqekile eshisayo yezinsimbi zesakhiwo - Izinsimbi zesakhiwo ezingezona i-alloy) | S235JR, S275JR, S355JR, | Umsebenzi wensimbi ojwayelekile wesakhiwo, ubunjiniyela bomphakathi |
| I-EN 10255 (Amashubhu ensimbi angewona a-alloy afanelekela ukushisela kanye nokufaka intambo) | S195T, S235JRTH | Amanzi, igesi, indle, izinhlelo zamapayipi anezintambo |
| EN 10305-2 (Amapayipi ensimbi okusetshenziswa ngokunemba - Amapayipi adonswayo abandayo ahlanganisiwe) | E215, E235, E355 | Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinembile, amasilinda e-hydraulic |
| I-BS 1387 (Imininingwane yamashubhu ensimbi anezikulufo nama-socket) | Isigaba A, B, C | Amanzi, igesi, umusi, i-scaffolding, ipayipi elinezintambo |
| I-DIN 2458 (Amashubhu ensimbi ahlanganisiwe kanye nokufakwa - Izimo ezijwayelekile zokulethwa kobuchwepheshe) | St37.0, St44.0, St52.0 | Amashubhu ensimbi ahlanganisiwe ajwayelekile, izinhlelo zokusebenza zesakhiwo |
| Izindinganiso ze-ISO kanye nezinye | ||
| I-ISO 3183 (Imboni ye-Petroleum negesi yemvelo - Ipayipi lensimbi lezinhlelo zokuthutha amapayipi) | L245, L290, L360, L415 | Amapayipi kawoyela negesi (okulingana ne-ISO ye-API 5L) |
| ISO 65 (Amapayipi ensimbi amanzi, igesi kanye nendle - Amapayipi anentambo) | Okuphakathi, Okunzima | Amanzi, igesi, indle, ipayipi elinezintambo |
| I-CSA G40.21 (Insimbi yekhwalithi yesakhiwo - indinganiso yaseCanada) | 44W, 50W | Izicelo zesakhiwo (eCanada) |
| AS 1163 (Izingxenye zensimbi ezakhiwe ngesakhiwo - indinganiso yase-Australia) | C250, C350, C450 | Izingxenye ezingenalutho ezakhiweni (e-Australia) |
| I-GOST 10706 (Amapayipi ensimbi ahlanganisiwe amapayipi nezakhiwo - indinganiso yaseRussia) | USt20, USt35, USt45 | Amapayipi, ukusetshenziswa kwesakhiwo (eRussia) |
Ukusetshenziswa:Ukudluliswa kukawoyela negesi, amanzi kanye nendle, amaphrojekthi ezakhiwo, i-scaffolding, isisekelo sokufaka inqwaba, uketshezi olunomfutho ophezulu, ukucubungula amakhemikhali, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla, ukwakhiwa, ubunjiniyela basolwandle, amashubhu ebhoyila, ama-heat exchanger, ama-superheater, ama-condenser, isevisi yokushisa okuphansi, ukusetshenziswa okunembile, amasilinda e-hydraulic, izinhlelo zamapayipi anezintambo
6. Inqubo Yokukhiqiza - Ipayipi Lensimbi le-ERW / HFW
Ukuhlolwa Kwezinto Ezingavuthiwe:Amakhoyili ensimbi angenayo aqinisekiswa ngokwakheka kwamakhemikhali, izakhiwo zemishini, kanye nekhwalithi yobuso. Ikhoyili ngayinye inikezwa inombolo yokushisa ehlukile ukuze kulandeleke ngokugcwele.
Ukuvula Nokulinganisa:Amakhoyili ayavulwa futhi alinganiswe ukuze kufezwe umcu futhi kususwe isethi yekhoyili, okuqinisekisa ukuthi i-flat iyafana ukuze kwakhiwe ngendlela efanayo.
Ukusikwa Nokunqunywa Kwemiphetho:Zombili izinqe zomucu zigaywa ukuze kube nokubekezelelana okuqondile kobubanzi (± 0.5mm), okudala indawo ehlanzekile, ehambisanayo yokwakheka kwe-weld esezingeni eliphezulu.
Ukwakheka Komkhuhlane:Umcu olinganisiwe udlula ekwakheni imiqulu ebumba kancane kancane umcu oyisicaba ube yigobolondo leshubhu elivulekile eliyindilinga.
Ukushisela Okuvame Kakhulu (HFW/ERW):Ugesi ovamise kakhulu (200-500 kHz) ufudumeza imiphetho yokuhlangana ekushiseni okuqinile (1,350-1,500°C). Ama-roll okucindezela acindezela imiphetho efudumele ndawonye, adale ukushiswa okuhlanganisiwe ngaphandle kwezinto zokugcwalisa.
Ukususwa Kobuhlalu Bokushisela:Ukukhanya kwangaphakathi nangaphandle kususwa ngama-carbide scarfing blades lapho kushisa, okukhiqiza indawo ebushelelezi enokuqina okuncane kokushiselwa.
Usayizi:Ishubhu elihlanganisiwe lidlula kuma-roll osayizi ukuze kufezwe ukubekezelelana kwe-OD okunembile (± 0.5% kuya ku-± 1.0%). Ama-roll engeziwe akhiqiza izimo zesikwele/ezingunxande uma kudingeka.
Ukwelashwa Kokushisa (Ongakukhetha):Ukulungisa ku-890-930°C kungasetshenziswa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuguquguquka noma ukukhululeka ekucindezelekeni, okukhiqiza isakhiwo esincane se-ferrite-pearlite esifanayo.
Ukusika Kuze Kube Bude:Ipayipi lisikwa ngobude obucacisiwe kusetshenziswa amasoso asikiwe andizayo ngokulawula okunembile (±3mm).
Ukuhlolwa Okungonakalisi:
●Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasonic (UT):Ukuhlolwa okungu-100% komthungo we-weld kanye nomzimba wepayipi ukuze kutholakale ama-lamination, izinto ezifakiwe, kanye nokuntuleka kokuhlanganiswa.
●Ukuhlolwa Kwamanje kwe-Eddy (ET):Ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yokushisela okuqhubekayo ku-inthanethi.
●Ukuhlolwa Kwamanzi:Ipayipi ngalinye lihlolwe ku-95% we-SMYS okungenani imizuzwana eyi-10.
Ukuqeda Ukuqeda:Iziphetho ezingenalutho, iziphetho ezigobile (30°-35° ezinokufika okungu-1.6mm), noma iziphetho ezinentambo ngokwezidingo zekhasimende.
Ukuhlolwa Kokugcina Nokumaka:Ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo, ukuqinisekiswa kobukhulu (OD, WT, ubude, ukuqondile), kanye nokumaka okuhlala njalo ngokwezinga elijwayelekile (ibanga, usayizi, inombolo yokushisa, umenzi).
7. Izinqubo Zokulawula Ikhwalithi Nokuhlola
| Isiteji | Indlela Yokuhlola | Inhloso |
| Impahla eluhlaza | Ukuhlaziywa Kwamakhemikhali (i-OES Spectrometer) | Qinisekisa ukuhambisana nemikhawulo yokwakheka kwe-API 5L |
| Impahla eluhlaza | Ukuhlolwa Kokunamathela | Qinisekisa ukuvunwa, amandla okudonsa, ukunwebeka |
| Kusenqubo | Ukuhlolwa Kobukhulu (Ama-Micrometer, Ama-Caliper) | I-Monitor OD, WT ngesikhathi sokwakha nokulinganisa |
| Indawo Yokushisela | Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasonic (UT) - Ku-inthanethi | Thola ukungaqhubeki kokushisela, ukuntuleka kokuhlanganiswa |
| Indawo Yokushisela | Ukuhlolwa Kwamanje kwe-Eddy (ET) - Ku-inthanethi | Ukuqapha ikhwalithi yomthungo wokushisela okuqhubekayo |
| Indawo Yokushisela | Ukuhlolwa Okukhulu Komthungo Wokushisela | Qinisekisa ukungena kwe-weld kanye ne-geometry ye-fusion |
| Ipayipi Eliqediwe | Ukuhlolwa kwe-Hydrostatic (imizuzwana eyi-10 ku-95% SMYS) | Qinisekisa ubuqotho bengcindezi kanye nokuqina kokuvuza |
| Ipayipi Eliqediwe | Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasonic (UT) - Okungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi (Ongakukhetha) | Ukuhlolwa kwe-laminar yomzimba wonke |
| Ipayipi Eliqediwe | Ukuhlolwa Kwezinhlayiya ZikaMagnetic (MPI) | Ukutholwa kokuqhekeka komphezulu (ukushintshwa kanye ne-HAZ) |
| Ipayipi Eliqediwe | Ukuhlolwa Komthelela we-Charpy V-Notch | Qinisekisa ukuqina kokushisa okuphansi (PSL2) |
| Ipayipi Eliqediwe | Ukuhlolwa Kokuqina (HRC / HV10) | Qinisekisa imikhawulo yokuqina okuphezulu (insizakalo emuncu) |
| Ipayipi Eliqediwe | Ukuhlolwa Kokugoba Okuqondiswayo (Ubuso Nomsuka) | Qinisekisa ukuqina nokuzwakala kwe-weld |
| Ipayipi Eliqediwe | Ukuhlolwa Kokuthamba | Qinisekisa ukuqina kanye nomsindo womzimba wepayipi |
| Ipayipi Eliqediwe | Ukuhlolwa Okubonakalayo Nokubonakalayo | Qinisekisa i-OD, i-WT, ubude, ukuqondile, ikhwalithi yomphezulu |
| Ipayipi Eliqediwe | Ukuqinisekiswa Kokumaka | Qinisekisa ukumaka okuhlala njalo nge-API ngayinye engu-5L |
Ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kwe-PSL2 / Isevisi Enosawoti:
● Ukuhlolwa kwe-HIC (Hydrogen Induced Cracking) ngokwe-NACE TM0284
● Ukuhlolwa kwe-SSC (Sulfide Stress Cracking) ngokwe-NACE TM0177 Indlela A
● Ukuhlolwa Komthelela we-CVN ku--10°C, -20°C, noma -46°C
● Ukuqinisekiswa Kokuqina (≤ 22 HRC / ≤ 248 HV10 yokumelana ne-HIC)
Imibhalo Esezingeni:
● Isitifiketi Sokuhlolwa Komshini ngokwe-EN 10204 Uhlobo 2.2, 3.1, noma 3.2
● Umbiko Wokuhlolwa Kwamanzi (ipayipi ngalinye)
● Umbiko Wokuhlolwa kwe-UT / ET
Ukulandeleka kusukela enombolweni yokushisa kuya epayipini eliqediwe
8. Izicelo Eziyinhloko Ipayipi Lensimbi ye-ERW
Amapayipi e-ERW ayizingxenye ezibalulekile ekudlulisweni kukawoyela negesi kanye nezicelo ezahlukahlukene zezimboni:
Ukudluliswa Kwamafutha Negesi:Amapayipi ahamba ibanga elide ogwini nasogwini lolwandle ukuze kusetshenziswe uwoyela ongahluziwe, igesi yemvelo, kanye nemikhiqizo kaphethiloli ecolisisiwe.
Ukuthuthwa Koketshezi Olunomfutho Ophakeme:Imigqa yokujova amanzi, izinhlelo zokulahla amanzi ezikhiqizwe, kanye nokudluliselwa koketshezi olunomfutho ophezulu ezindaweni zikawoyela nasezindaweni zokucubungula.
Amaphrojekthi Ombhobho Wasogwini:Imigqa yokuqoqana enqamula izwe, imigqa ye-trunk, kanye namapayipi okusabalalisa ezindaweni zikawoyela negesi.
Izinhlelo Zokuphayiphiza Kwasogwini:Imizila yokugeleza kwamanzi angaphansi kolwandle, izikhuphuli, kanye namapayipi okuthumela kwamanye amazwe amapulatifomu angaphandle kolwandle kanye nokuqedwa kwamanzi angaphansi kolwandle (nge-PSL2 kanye nezinketho zesevisi emuncu).
Izindawo Zesevisi Ezingacacile:Amapayipi aphatha igesi emanzi emuncu (equkethe i-H₂S) adinga i-PSL2 enezidingo ezengeziwe kufaka phakathi ukumelana ne-HIC kanye ne-SSC ngokwezindinganiso ze-NACE.
Ukudluliselwa Kwamanzi:Amapayipi okuphakelwa kwamanzi anobubanzi obukhulu, izinhlelo zokunisela, kanye nokudluliselwa kwamanzi angavuthiwe okusetshenziswa komasipala kanye nezimboni.
Ukwelashwa Kwendle Namanzi Angcolile:Imigqa yokukhipha ukungcola, amapayipi okulungisa indle, kanye nezinhlelo zokuphatha udaka.
Izicelo Zesakhiwo Sezimboni:Ama-rack amapayipi, izisekelo, izinsimbi zokusekela, kanye nezingxenye zesakhiwo ezindaweni zokuhluza, izitshalo ze-petrochemical, kanye nezakhiwo zezimboni.
Izindawo Zokucubungula Uwoyela Negesi:Imigqa yokugeleza, izihloko, ama-manifold, kanye namapayipi axhumanisayo ezitshalweni zokucubungula kanye neziteshi ze-compressor.
Amapayipi e-EPC kanye nezitshalo:Amapayipi okucubungula kanye nokusetshenziswa ezindaweni zokuhluza, iziteshi zokucubungula igesi, izakhiwo zamakhemikhali, kanye nezindawo zokukhiqiza ugesi.
9. Ukupakisha Nokuthumela
Amapayipi e-ERW ayapakishwa futhi athunyelwe ngokucophelela okukhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuvikeleka kwawo ngesikhathi sokuthutha. Nansi incazelo yenqubo yokupakisha nokuthumela:
Ukupakisha:
Isivikelo Esivikelayo:Ngaphambi kokupakisha, amapayipi angambozwa ngesendlalelo esincane samafutha alwa nokugqwala noma i-varnish evikelayo ukuvimbela ukugqwala kwendawo kanye nokubola ngesikhathi sokugcina nokuthutha. Ukuphela okungenalutho nakho kuyatholakala ukuze kufakwe ukugqokwa ngokushesha lapho uya khona.
Ukuhlanganisa:Amapayipi anobukhulu obufanayo kanye nemininingwane efanayo ahlanganiswa ngokucophelela ndawonye ngamaqoqo ayisithupha noma angunxande. Aqiniswa kusetshenziswa amabhande ensimbi (ngokuvamile amabhande angu-3-5 ngeqoqo ngalinye) ukuvimbela ukunyakaza ngaphakathi kweqoqo.
Ama-Caps Okugcina:Izivalo zepulasitiki (PE noma PP) zifakwa kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zepayipi ngalinye ukuvikela izinhlangothi ezigobile, izinhlangothi ezicacile, kanye nokuxhumeka okunezintambo ekulimaleni kokushayisana, ukungena kwemfucuza kanye nomswakama.
Ukupheda kanye Nokugudla:Kuma-oda okuthumela ngaphandle asezingeni eliphezulu, izinto zokunamathisela ezifana nezindandatho ze-foam noma imichilo yerabha zingasetshenziswa phakathi kwezingqimba zamapayipi ukuvimbela ukuguguleka kanye nomonakalo wokumboza ngesikhathi sokuphathwa.
Amabhokisi noma Amakesi Okhuni:Kumapayipi anezindonga ezincane, amapayipi anembile, noma ama-oda okugqoka aphezulu, amapayipi angapakishwa emabhokisini okhuni aqinile noma emabhokisini e-plywood ukuze ahlinzeke ngesivikelo esithuthukisiwe emandleni angaphandle kanye nokuphathwa kabi.
Ukuthunyelwa:
Indlela Yokuhamba:Amapayipi athunyelwa ngemikhumbi yeziqukathi (20ft/40ft), imithwalo emikhulu, noma imithwalo yesitimela kuye ngokuthi uya kuphi, ubukhulu, kanye nokuphuthuma. Imithwalo yendiza iyatholakala ukuze ithunyelwe ngesampula noma ngesikhathi esibalulekile.
Ukufakwa kweziqukathi:Ama-oda amancane kuya kwaphakathi alayishwe ezitsheni zokuthumela ezijwayelekile, evikela imithwalo esimweni sezulu, umswakama, kanye nokungcola kwangaphandle ngesikhathi sokuhamba.
Ukulayisha Imikhumbi Emikhulu:Ama-oda amakhulu (ngokuvamile angaphezu kwamathani angu-200) alayishwa ngqo ezithwalweni ezinkulu. Imishayo yokuphakamisa kanye nemigoqo yokusakaza ivimbela umonakalo; ukusika nokubopha imithwalo evikelekile ekunyakazeni kolwandle.
Ukulebula kanye Nemibhalo:Iphakheji ngayinye ilebula ngokucacile ngebanga, izinga elijwayelekile, ubukhulu, inombolo yokushisa, kanye nemiyalelo yokuphatha. Imibhalo ephelele (i-invoyisi yezentengiselwano, uhlu lokupakisha, i-bill of lading, isitifiketi semvelaphi, izitifiketi zokuhlolwa kwemishini) ilungiselelwe ukusulwa kwempahla kalula.
Ukubopha Okuphephile:Izinqwaba eziboshwe ngezintambo zensimbi, izikhwama zomquba, noma izinsimbi zokubopha ukhuni ukuvimbela ukugudluka, ukugingqika, noma ukulimala ngesikhathi sokuhamba.
Ukulandelela kanye Nomshuwalense:Izinombolo zokulandelela izitsha zinikeziwe ukuze kuqashwe ngesikhathi sangempela. Umshuwalense wempahla yasemanzini (Yonke Ingozi noma Ngokwesilinganiso) uyatholakala uma uceliwe.
Ngamafuphi, i-Womic Steel iqinisekisa ukuthi wonke amapayipi e-ERW Steel apakishwa ngezinyathelo zokuvikela ezihamba phambili embonini futhi athunyelwa ngezindlela zokuthutha ezinokwethenjelwa ukuze afike lapho eya khona esesimweni esihle kakhulu. Izinqubo ezifanele zokupakisha nokuthumela zibalulekile ekulondolozeni ubuqotho kanye nekhwalithi yemikhiqizo ethunyelwe.
10. Izinzuzo ze-Womic Steel kanye ne-FAQ
Kungani Kufanele Usebenzisane Ne-Womic Steel?
Isitolo Esinendawo Yonke:Ububanzi obuphelele kusukela kumapayipi e-API 5L ERW kuya kokufakwa kwamapayipi e-OEM afanayo (Ama-Elbows, Ama-Tees, Ama-Reducers, Ama-Flanges, Ama-Caps) ngamamaki ezinto ezihambisanayo, kufaka phakathi insimbi yekhabhoni, insimbi ye-alloy, kanye nensimbi engagqwali.
Ukuthobela Umthetho Kwezobuchwepheshe:Izitifiketi Zokuhlolwa Okugcwele Kwesigayo (EN 10204 Uhlobo 2.2, 3.1, noma 3.2) zinikezwa nakho konke ukuthunyelwa, zichaza ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali okuqondile, imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwemishini, kanye nemibiko yokuhlolwa engonakalisi.
Izinsizakalo Ezenezelwe Inani:Ukuhlobisa iziphetho (30°-35°), ukufaka intambo nokuxhumanisa, ukufakwa kwezivalo zepulasitiki, kanye nokugqoka okulwa nokugqwala (FBE, 3LPE, 3LPP, Epoxy, Galvanizing) kuyatholakala ngaphakathi noma ngezikhungo zomlingani ofanelekayo.
Ukuncintisana Kwezokuthutha:Ubambiswano oluhlelekile nabathengisi bezimpahla emhlabeni wonke luqinisekisa ukulayishwa kahle kweziqukathi (ukwandisa inani ngesiqukathi ngasinye) kanye nokuthunyelwa komhlaba wonke okungabizi kakhulu ngezikhathi zokuhamba ezithembekile.
Isitokwe kanye nokutholakala kwaso:Isitoko esikhulu sosayizi abajwayelekile be-API 5L X52 (2"-24" OD, Ishejuli 10-80) siqinisekisa izikhathi ezimfushane zokuhola kanye nokuphendula okusheshayo ezidingweni zephrojekthi eziphuthumayo. Osayizi abangokwezifiso bakhiqizwa ngokufunwa ngesikhathi esijwayelekile sokuhola sezinsuku ezingu-30-45.
Amandla Esevisi E-Sour:Amandla aphelele okuhlinzeka ngamapayipi e-PSL2 ngokuhlolwa kwe-HIC kanye ne-SSC ngokwezindinganiso ze-NACE zokusetshenziswa kwegesi emuncu. Ukuqina kulawulwa ku-≤ 248 HV10 / ≤ 22 HRC.
Khetha i-Womic Steel Group njengomlingani wakho othembekile wamapayipi ensimbi e-API 5L X52 ERW asezingeni eliphezulu kanye nokusebenza kahle kokulethwa. Siyakwamukela ukubuza!
Iwebhusayithi: www.womicsteel.com
I-imeyili: sales@womicsteel.com
Ucingo/I-WhatsApp/I-WeChat:
UVictor: +86-15575100681
UJack: +86-18390957568
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa (Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa)
U: Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-EN 10217 P235GH kanye ne-EN 10216 P235GH?
A: Izembozo ze-EN 10217okuhlanganisiweamashubhu ensimbi (inqubo ye-ERW/HFW), kuyilapho i-EN 10216 ihlanganisangaphandle komthungoAmashubhu ensimbi. Zombili izindinganiso zichaza izinga le-P235GH elinezidingo ezifanayo zamakhemikhali nezemishini. I-EN 10217 (ehlanganisiwe) ngokuvamile ingabizi kakhulu futhi itholakala ngobude obude. I-EN 10216 (engenamthungo) iyadingeka ekusetshenzisweni komfutho ophezulu noma lapho umthungo wokushisela ungavunyelwe yikhodi yokuklama. Eziningi zezicelo zebhoyila nezemikhumbi yomfutho, zombili ziyamukeleka; noma kunjalo, ukungasebenzi kahle kuvame ukuthandwa kwinsizakalo ebalulekile yomfutho ophezulu.
Q: Lingakanani izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokusebenza le-P235GH?
A: I-P235GH ifaneleka ukusebenza okuqhubekayo emazingeni okushisa afinyelela ku-400°C. Emazingeni okushisa aphakathi kuka-400°C no-500°C, kunconywa i-P265GH noma i-16Mo3 (insimbi ye-alloy). Emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-500°C, amazinga aphezulu e-alloy njenge-13CrMo4-5 noma i-10CrMo9-10 kufanele acatshangelwe. Njalo bheka amakhodi okuklama asebenzayo (EN 13445, i-ASME Section I, njll.) ukuze uthole imikhawulo ethile yokushisa ngokusekelwe ekujiyeni kodonga kanye nezimo zesevisi.
Q: Ingabe i-P235GH ingasetshenziswa kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ze-ASME Code?
A: I-P235GH ayifakwanga ohlwini ngqo ku-ASME Section II (izincazelo zezinto ze-ASME). Kodwa-ke, iyamukelwa kabanzi kumaphrojekthi aphesheya kwezilwandle ngaphansi kwezindinganiso ze-EN. Ngokunyathelisa i-ASME Code, izinto ezilinganayo zifaka phakathi i-SA-106 GR.B (engenamthungo) noma i-SA-53 GR.B (ehlanganisiwe) enezakhiwo ezifanayo kodwa ezivunyelwe ukwakheka okuhlukile. Kumaphrojekthi adinga izinto ze-ASME, singahlinzeka nge-SA-106 GR.B noma i-SA-178 GR.A njengezinketho. Sicela unikeze imininingwane yephrojekthi yakho ukuze ukhethe izinto ezifanele.
U: Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-P235GH ne-P265GH?
A: I-P235GH inamandla okukhiqiza okungenani angu-235 MPa, kuyilapho i-P265GH ine-265 MPa (amandla aphezulu). I-P235GH inikeza ukwakheka okungcono kanye nokushintshwa ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphansi kwekhabhoni (0.16% max vs 0.20% max). I-P235GH ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa kwezinga lokushisa/ingcindezi eliphakathi (ama-boiler drums, ama-heat exchanger). I-P265GH isetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa kwezinga lokushisa eliphakeme lapho kudingeka khona amandla engeziwe. Zombili zinemikhawulo efanayo yokushisa ephezulu (400°C).
U: Yikuphi ukuhlolwa okungabhubhisi (NDT) okudingekayo ku-EN 10217 P235GH?
A: Ku-TC1 (Isigaba Sokuhlola 1): Ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-hydrostatic kuyadingeka. Ku-TC2 (Isigaba Sokuhlola 2): Ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo, ukuhlolwa kwe-hydrostatic, kanye nokuhlolwa okungabhubhisi okungu-100% (UT noma ET) komthungo wokushisela. Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zokucindezela okubucayi, i-TC2 ivame ukucaciswa. I-Womic Steel ingahlinzeka ngamazinga e-TC1 kanye ne-TC2. Kusitifiketi se-EN 10204 3.2, i-TC2 enobufakazi beqembu lesithathu ivame ukudingeka.
Q: Bungakanani ubude obukhulu obutholakalayo bepayipi le-EN 10217 P235GH ERW?
A: Sihlinzeka ngobude obujwayelekile obungaguquki bamamitha ayi-6 namamitha ayi-12 (cishe amamitha angama-20 nangama-40) ngobubanzi obufika ku-610mm (24"). Ngobubanzi obuncane (ngaphansi kuka-168mm / 6"), ubude obungokwezifiso obufika kumamitha ayi-18 (amamitha angama-60) buyatholakala uma buceliwe. Ngezicelo zebhoyila kanye ne-heat exchanger ezidinga ubude obuthile be-U-bend, singasebenzisana nezindawo zokugoba zabalingani. Sicela unikeze izidingo zakho zobude obuthile.
U: Ungakwazi yini ukunikeza ukuhlolwa komuntu wesithathu kwamapayipi e-EN 10217 P235GH?
A: Yebo. Siyakwamukela futhi senza kube lula ukuhlolwa yi-DNV, BV, SGS, TÜV, ABS, LR, noma yimuphi ummeleli oqokwe yiklayenti ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza (ukubona ukuhlolwa kwe-hydro, UT/ET, ukuhlolwa kobukhulu) nangaphambi kokuthunyelwa. 3.2 Izitifiketi zokuhlola eziqinisekiswe yizinhlangano zangaphandle ezigunyaziwe zihlinzekwa njalo uma ziceliwe. Ukuze kulandelwe imiyalelo yemishini yokucindezela yaseYurophu (PED), sinikeza ukumaka kwe-CE kanye neSimemezelo Sokusebenza (DoP).
Q: Yisiphi isikhathi esijwayelekile sokuhola samapayipi e-EN 10217 P235GH ERW?
A: Isikhathi esijwayelekile sokulethwa kwezimpahla zosayizi wesitoko (ububanzi obuvamile kanye nobukhulu bodonga) cishe izinsuku eziyi-15-25. Kumasayizi angewona awesitoko noma awenziwe ngokwezifiso, isikhathi sokulethwa kwezimpahla zokusetshenziswa soba cishe izinsuku ezingama-30-45 kusukela ekuqinisekisweni kwe-oda. Ku-TC2 ene-100% NDT, engeza izinsuku ezi-5-10. Ukuhlolwa komuntu wesithathu (isitifiketi se-3.2), engeza izinsuku eziyi-10-15 zokuhlela kanye nokubhala imibhalo. Ama-oda asheshayo (izinsuku eziyi-15-20) angatholakala ngamanani amancane osayizi abajwayelekile. Sicela usithinte ukuze uthole izikhathi zamanje zokulethwa kwezimpahla zokusetshenziswa.
U: Yiziphi izitifiketi namadokhumenti eniwanikezayo ngokuthunyelwa kwamapayipi e-P235GH?
A: Ukuthunyelwa ngakunye kufaka phakathi imibhalo ephelele: Isitifiketi Sokuhlolwa Kwesigayo ngokwe-EN 10204 Uhlobo 3.1 (noma Uhlobo 2.2 / 3.2 uma ucela) kufaka phakathi ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali, izakhiwo zokuthamba, izakhiwo zokushisa eziphakeme, kanye nemiphumela yokuhlolwa komthelela; Umbiko Wokuhlolwa Kwe-Hydrostatic; Umbiko we-NDT (UT/ET) wama-oda e-TC2; Umbiko Wokuhlolwa Obukhulu; Ukumaka kwe-CE kanye Nesimemezelo Sokusebenza (i-DoP) yemakethe yaseYurophu; Uhlu Lokupakisha; I-invoyisi Yezentengiselwano; I-Bill of Lading; kanye Nesitifiketi Somsuka (uma kudingeka).
U: Ingabe nihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokusika ubude kanye ne-U-bend zamashubhu e-P235GH?
A: Yebo. Sinikeza ukusika okunembile ngobude obuqondile obuchazwe ngamakhasimende ngokumelana okuqinile (ngokuvamile ±3mm) kanye neziphetho ezihlanzekile, ezingenayo i-burr. Ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-heat exchanger, singasebenzisana nezinsiza zokugoba zabalingani zamashubhu e-U-bend (ukugoba okubandayo) ane-radii egobile elawulwayo kanye ne-ovality encane. Amashubhu e-U-bend anganikezwa nge-annealing noma ngaphandle kwayo ngemva kokugoba. Sicela unikeze imidwebo yakho yokugoba ngezidingo zakho ngokwezifiso.
U: Uyini umehluko phakathi kwesimo sokulethwa esijwayelekile (+N) kanye nesimo sokulethwa esishiselwe?
A: Ukwelashwa kokushisa okujwayelekile (+N) (890-930°C) kukhiqiza isakhiwo esincane se-ferrite-pearlite esifanayo, kuthuthukisa ukuqina nokuqina, futhi kunciphisa ukucindezeleka kokushisela okusele. Isimo esishisiwe sinezingcindezi eziphezulu zokusala futhi singase sibe nesakhiwo sokusanhlamvu esingafani kangako. Ngezicelo zokucindezela,okujwayelekilengokuvamile kuyadingeka ngokwe-EN 10217-2 ukuqinisekisa izakhiwo ezifanele zesevisi yokushisa ephezulu. I-Womic Steel inikeza i-P235GH esimweni esijwayelekile njengendinganiso yokusetshenziswa kwengcindezi.
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