Ipayipi Lensimbi Lepayipi Elingaphansi Kolwandle i-DNV-OS-F101 L450 SAWL: Amakhono Okukhiqiza kanye Nemininingwane Yomkhiqizo

Kungani Insimbi Yomsundu Ye-DNV Offshore Pipe?

● Umkhiqizi ovunyiwe we-DNV GL wamapayipi e-SAWL

● Inqubo ye-UOE ene-6,000t O-press kanye ne-expander yezingxenye ezingu-72 – i-ovality ≤ 0.15%

● Amandla okuhlola i-CTOD ngaphakathi endlini (ilebhu egunyaziwe yi-CNAS)

● Umlando omkhulu ngephrojekthi yeNorth Sea, Brazil, kanye neWest Africa

● Inhlolovo yomuntu wesithathu eyenziwe yi-DNV, ABS, BV, noma ummeleli weklayenti

● Ukuthobela ngokugcwele i-DNV-OS-F101 (kufaka phakathi i-Annex A, B, D njengoba kudingeka)

Imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa:

U: Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-DNV-OS-F101 L450 kanye ne-API 5L X65 yolwandle olungaphansi komhlaba?
A: I-DNV-OS-F101 ibhalwe ngqo ngamapayipi asogwini lolwandle. Umehluko obalulekile: ukubekezelelana okuqinile kwe-ovality (0.2% vs 0.5%), ukuhlolwa kokuqina kokuphuka kwe-CTOD okuphoqelekile (akudingeki yi-API 5L), izidingo eziphezulu zomthelela we-Charpy (ngokuvamile i-50J vs 27J), izidingo ezengeziwe zokumelana nokuwa kanye nomklamo wokukhathala. Kumaphrojekthi ajulile, i-DNV iyindinganiso ekhethwayo.

U: Ingabe niyanikeza ukuhlolwa kwe-CTOD kwensimbi eshidiwe kanye ne-HAZ?
A: Yebo. Senza ukuhlolwa kwe-CTOD (Crack Tip Opening Displacement) ngokwe-BS 7448 noma i-ASTM E1820. Singahlola ku--20°C, -30°C, -46°C, noma njengoba kuchaziwe. Imiphumela evamile: insimbi ehlanganisiwe δ ≥ 0.35mm, HAZ δ ≥ 0.40mm. Ukuhlolwa kwe-CTOD kubonwa ngumhloli we-DNV.

U: Ungakwazi yini ukunikeza i-L450 yesevisi emuncu (H₂S)?
A: Yebo. Sihlinzeka nge-L450 ngesengezo sesevisi esimuncu ngokwe-DNV-OS-F101 Annex A. Lokhu kudinga i-CEV ephansi (≤ 0.40%), i-Mo addition (0.15-0.25%), i-PWHT, ubulukhuni ≤ 85 HRB, kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-HIC/SSC. Sihlinzeke ngesevisi esimuncu i-L450 kumaphrojekthi asogwini lwaseNorth Sea naseMiddle East.

U: Ungakanani ubunzulu bamanzi obungamelana namapayipi akho?
A: Ukumelana nokuwa kuncike ku-D/t (ububanzi/ubukhulu bodonga), i-ovality, kanye namandla okukhiqiza. Ngepayipi elijwayelekile le-L450 UOE eline-D/t = 30 (isb., 610mm × 20mm) kanye ne-ovality engu-0.2%, ingcindezi yokuwa idlula i-30 MPa (elingana nokujula kwamanzi okungu-3,000m). Ngamanzi ajulile, singaklama izindonga ezijiyile noma i-ovality eqinile. Sicela unikeze ukujula kwamanzi akho kanye nengcindezi yomklamo ukuze kuhlaziywe ukuwa.

U: Ingabe kudingeka ucwaningo lwe-DNV kukho konke ukuthunyelwa?
A: I-DNV-OS-F101 idinga ukuthi umenzi abe nesistimu yekhwalithi evunyiwe nokuthi umkhiqizo uhlolwe yi-DNV ezindaweni zobufakazi ezichaziwe (isb., ukuhlolwa kwe-hydrostatic, i-CTOD, ukuhlolwa kobukhulu). Isikhungo se-Womic sihlolwa minyaka yonke yi-DNV. Ku-oda ngalinye, sibandakanya abahloli be-DNV ukuze babone ukuhlolwa okudingekayo. Singahlela futhi ucwaningo lwe-ABS, BV, noma i-LR uma iklayenti licela.

Q: Yisiphi isikhathi esijwayelekile sokuhola sepayipi le-DNVcertified L450?
A: Izinsuku ezingama-90-120, kufaka phakathi ishejuli yocwaningo lwe-DNV. Isikhathi sokulethwa sincike ekutholakaleni kwepuleti (amapuleti e-TMCP ogwini lolwandle anezikhathi zokulethwa ezinde, ngokuvamile amasonto ayi-10-14). Ukuhlolwa kwe-CTOD kwenezela amasonto ama-2-3. Kuma-oda aphindaphindwayo anamapuleti afanelekile kusengaphambili, isikhathi sokulethwa singancishiswa sibe yizinsuku ezingama-60-75.

Inkomba Yephrojekthi – Ipayipi Lokuthumela Igesi Emanzini Ajulile ENtshonalanga Afrika (iGulf of Guinea)

Izwe:Indawo yomngcele we-Offshore Nigeria / Equatorial Guinea (iGulf of Guinea)
Okujwayelekile kanye Nezinga:I-DNV-OS-F101 L450 SAWL (UOE) enesengezo sesevisi esimuncu
Ubukhulu kanye nobuningi:

l OD 610mm (24″) × WIT 20.6mm – 52,000 amamitha (cishe amathani ayi-13,500) akhiqizwe ngenqubo ye-UOE

l OD 610mm (24″) × UBUNZIMA 25.4mm – 8,000 amamitha (cishe amathani angu-2,500) akhiqizwe ngenqubo ye-UOE (isigaba sokukhuphuka kanye nendlela yokusondela ogwini)
Isiyonke:Amamitha angu-60,000 (60 km), cishe amathani angu-16,000

Imininingwane:Isembozo sangaphandle se-3LPE (3.2mm) esinesembozo sesisindo sikakhonkolo (60mm, ukuminyana okungu-3,050 kg/m³) ukuze kube nokuntanta okungekuhle. Iziphetho ezigobile ziyi-30°/1.6mm. I-Hydrotest ku-25.0 MPa (ingcindezi yomklamo ingu-18.0 MPa). Ukujula kwamanzi: 800-1,400m. I-Charpy ephoqelekile ku--20°C (ubuncane be-50J, kufinyelelwe ku-120-180J). I-CTOD ku--20°C: insimbi ehlanganisiwe ≥ 0.25mm, i-HAZ ≥ 0.30mm (kufinyelelwe ku-0.40-0.65mm). I-DWTT ku--20°C: indawo yokugunda ≥ 85% (kufinyelelwe ku-90-98%). I-Ovality ≤ 0.2% (UOE kufinyelelwe ku-0.08-0.15%). Ubulukhuni ≤ 85 HRB (isevisi emuncu). I-HIC nge-NACE TM0284: CLR 0%, CTR 0%, CSR 0%. I-SSC nge-NACE TM0177: akukho ukuqhekeka. I-100% UT ene-TOFD, kanye ne-25% RT. Ucwaningo lwenkampani yangaphandle olwenziwe yi-DNV GL kulo lonke ukukhiqizwa.

Isicelo:Ipayipi lokuthumela igesi emanzini ajulile elithutha igesi yemvelo lisuka emasimini asogwini (ukujula kwamanzi 800-1,400m) liye endaweni yokugcina i-LNG esogwini. Ipayipi elingamakhilomitha angu-60 lihlanganisa ingxenye yomzila ojulile wamanzi (52 km, 20.6mm WT), ingxenye yokuphakama okuguquguqukayo (4 km, 25.4mm WT), kanye nendlela yokusondela ogwini ngokusebenzisa indawo yokuntweza emanzini (4 km, 25.4mm WT ene-coated correct coating). Igesi iqukethe i-trace H₂S (5-10 ppm) kanye ne-CO₂ (3-5%), edinga i-sour service qualification.

Izinselele Zobuchwepheshe Nezixazululo:

1. Ukumelana nokuwa kwamanzi ajulile (ukujula kwamanzi okungu-1,400m)– Ingcindezi yangaphandle ye-hydrostatic ku-1,400m cishe ingu-14.3 MPa. Ingcindezi yokugoqa edingekayo enesici sokuphepha ingu-> 25 MPa. I-Womic yaklama ipayipi le-UOE elingu-24″ × 20.6mm eline-D/t = 29.6. Sisebenzisa inqubo ye-UOE, sifinyelele i-ovality engu-0.08-0.12% (ngaphansi kakhulu komkhawulo we-DNV ongu-0.2%). Senze ukuhlaziywa kwe-finite element (FEA) kanye nokuhlolwa kwengcindezi yokugoqa okugcwele kumasampula amabili. Ingcindezi yokugoqa efinyelelwe: 27.8 MPa kanye no-28.5 MPa – zombili ezidingekayo ngaphezulu.

2. Ukuqina kokuphuka kwe-CTOD kwe-dynamic riser– Ingxenye yokuphakamisa ihlangabezana nomthwalo wokukhathala ngenxa yokunyakaza kwemithambo kanye namagagasi. I-DNV idinga ukuhlolwa kwe-CTOD ku--20°C. I-Womic yenze i-CTOD kunsimbi yokushisela kanye ne-HAZ yamapayipi angu-25.4mm WT. Imiphumela: insimbi yokushisela δ = 0.42-0.55mm, i-HAZ δ = 0.48-0.65mm. Siphinde sahlinzeka ngama-SN fatigue curves e-girth weld ukusiza ukuhlolwa kwempilo yokukhathala kweklayenti.

3. Isevisi emuncu ene-trace H₂S– Nakuba ukuhlushwa kwe-H₂S kuphansi (5-10 ppm), iphrojekthi idinga isitifiketi esiphelele senkonzo emuncu ngenxa yokucindezela okuphezulu (18 MPa) kanye nengozi yokugqwala kwendawo. I-Womic isebenzise amapuleti e-sulfur aphansi (S≤ 0.0010%), i-CEV≤ 0.38%, i-Mo eyengeziwe engu-0.20%, kanye ne-PWHT ku-580°C amahora angu-1.5. Ukuqina ngemva kwe-PWHT: insimbi eyisisekelo engu-78-82 HRB, i-weld engu-80-85 HRB. Ukuhlolwa kwe-HIC kanye ne-SSC kudlule ngaphandle kwemifantu.

4. Ukugqoka isisindo sikakhonkolo kanye nokuhambisana kwe-3LPE– Ingxenye yokusondela ogwini yayidinga ungqimba lwesisindo sikakhonkolo (60mm, oluqiniswe ngensimbi enezimbobo) ukuze kuqiniswe phansi. Ungqimba lwekhonkolo lwafakwa phezu kwe-3LPE nge-ejenti yokubopha. I-Womic ihlanganiswe negceke lokufaka ukhonkolo elikhethekile e-Angola. Sinikeze amakhuphoni okuhlola okunamathela nokuhlolwa komthelela. Ungqimba lwekhonkolo lwadlula ukuhlolwa kokuwa (ukuwa okungu-1m, akukho ukuqhekeka).

5. Ukuhambisana kokufakwa kwe-reel-lay– Ipayipi lafakwa kusetshenziswa indlela yokubeka ama-reel (ehlanganiswe esitsheni se-reel). Lokhu kudinga ukulawulwa okuqine kakhulu kwe-ovality (≤ 0.2%) kanye nokuphakama kokuqinisa i-weld ≤ 0.5mm. I-ovality elawulwa yi-womic ifike ku-0.08-0.15% kanye nama-weld caps angaphansi komhlaba afike ku-≤ 0.3mm ukuphakama. Senze imijikelezo yokulingisa ye-spooling egcwele eyi-10 epayipini lokuhlola – akukho ukuqhekeka noma ukuwohloka kwe-ovality.

6. Ucwaningo lwe-DNV kanye nemibhalo– Abahloli be-DNV babone ukuhlolwa kwe-hydrostatic, i-CTOD, i-HIC, i-SSC, kanye nokuhlolwa kobukhulu beqoqo ngalinye. I-Womic inikeze idokhumenti yekhwalithi enamakhasi ayi-1,500 (kufaka phakathi yonke imibiko yokuhlolwa, amashadi e-PWHT, izingodo ze-UT, kanye nokusayinwa kwabahloli) zingakapheli amasonto ama-4 kusukela kuthunyelwe. Idokhumenti yamukelwa ngaphandle kwemibuzo.

7. Umphumela:Ipayipi lafakwa ngempumelelo kwi-Q2 2025 kusetshenziswa i-reel-lay vessel Deep Constructor. Akukho ukwehluleka komzimba wepayipi noma umthungo we-weld okwenzeke ngesikhathi sokuhlola i-spooling, ukuthunyelwa, noma ukuhlolwa kwangemva kokufakwa. Umphathi wephrojekthi yeklayenti uthe: “Ukulawulwa kwe-ovality ye-Womic kanye nemiphumela ye-CTOD kudlule okulindelwe. Amapayipi ashiselwe njalo ensimini ngesilinganiso sokwamukelwa kokuqala esingu-98%. I-Womic Steel manje isohlwini lwabaphakeli abavunyelwe lwemisebenzi emibili eyengeziwe yokuthumela igesi emanzini ajulile eNtshonalanga Afrika.

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I-Womic Steel – Umlingani wakho othembekile wamapayipi ensimbi e-DNV-OS-F101 L450 SAWL okuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe igesi emanzini ajulile, imigudu yokugeleza kwamanzi angaphansi kolwandle, kanye nezinhlelo zokuphakamisa amanzi angaphandle emhlabeni jikelele.