1. Insimbi Yomdabu: Amakhono Okukhiqiza kanye Namandla Enkampani
I-Womic Steel Group ingumkhiqizi ovelele kanye nomthengisi wangaphandle emhlabeni jikelele onolwazi olungaphezu kweminyaka engama-20 ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo ye-tube yensimbi engagqwali. Isikhungo sethu esikhethekile sokukhiqiza amapayipi ahlanganisiwe e-TP304N sisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuningi obuthuthukisiwe bokushisela obunokufakwa kokushisa okulawulwayo ukuze kugcinwe okuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen ensimbini yokushisela:
- Umugqa we-ERW (Ukushisela Ukumelana Nogesi):Kumadayamitha asukela ku-6.35mm kuya ku-610mm (1/4″ – 24″), ubukhulu bodonga busukela ku-0.5mm kuya ku-12.7mm. Ukushisela okuvama kakhulu okunemingcele elungiselelwe ukugcina i-nitrogen. Kulungele amapayipi e-TP304N amancane kuya kwaphakathi ukuze kusetshenziswe ingcindezi kanye nezakhiwo.
- Umugqa we-EFW (Electric Fusion Welding):Kumadayamitha asukela ku-219mm kuya ku-1219mm (8″ – 48″), ubukhulu bodonga busukela ku-4.0mm kuya ku-50mm. I-TIG (GTAW) root pass ene-SAW fill pass, kusetshenziswa insimbi yokugcwalisa efanayo (ER304N noma ER308 ene-nitrogen).
- Umugqa we-LSAW / SAWL we-Stainless:Kububanzi obusukela ku-406mm kuya ku-1524mm (16″ – 60″), ubukhulu bodonga bufika ku-50mm. Ukushisela kwe-arc okucwiliswe emanzini kwamapuleti e-TP304N asongiwe.
Wonke amapayipi ahlanganisiwe e-TP304N afakwa ekushiseni (ukwelashwa ngokushisa) ku-1040-1120°C kulandelwe ukucinywa kwamanzi ukuze kugcinwe i-nitrogen esixazululweni esiqinile futhi kubuyiselwe ukumelana nokugqwala, kulandelwe ukucolwa kanye nokususwa komoya.
Izitifiketi Zekhwalithi Nokuhambisana Nemithetho:
- Isitifiketi se-ISO 9001:2015
- I-PED 2014/68/EU (CE Marking) yemishini yokucindezela
- Isitifiketi se-EN 10204 3.2 esinokuqinisekiswa okuvela eceleni (TÜV, BV, SGS, LR)
- Ukuhlolwa Kweqembu Lesithathu (TPI) okuvunyelwe yi-SGS, BV, ABS, DNV, TÜV
- Ikhodi ye-ASME Boiler kanye ne-Pressure Vessel (Isigaba VIII, Isigaba 1) uma iceliwe
I-Womic Steel inikeza amapayipi ahlanganisiwe e-TP304N emazweni angaphezu kuka-40 kuzo zonke izimboni zemikhumbi yokucindezela, izakhiwo, kanye namakhemikhali.
Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kokukhiqiza:
- I-ERW: 6.35–610mm OD × 0.5–12.7mm Isisindo × ≤ 12m
- I-EFW: 219–1219mm OD × 4.0–50mm WIT × ≤ 12m (inde uma uyicela)
- I-LSAW: 406–1524mm OD × 6.0–50mm Isisindo × ≤ 18m
- Izinketho zokuqeda: Okufakwe emanzini abandayo nokufakwe emanzini abandayo, okufakwe emanzini abandayo okukhanyayo, okupholishiwe (180# kuya ku-320#)
2. I-ASTM A312 TP304N: Ukwakheka Kwezinto Nezimpawu Zokusebenza
I-ASTM A312 TP304N iyinguqulo eqiniswe yi-nitrogen yensimbi engagqwali ejwayelekile engu-304. I-nitrogen (0.10-0.16%) inikeza ukuqinisa isixazululo esiqinile, ikhulisa amandla okukhiqiza cishe ngo-35% ngenkathi igcina ukuqina okuhle kakhulu, ukuqina, kanye nokumelana nokugqwala. Lokhu kuvumela izingxenye zodonga ezincane ukuze kube nesilinganiso esifanayo sokucindezela, kunciphisa isisindo kanye nezindleko.
Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali (Ukuhlaziywa Kwezindebe, % ngobuningi):
| Isici | I-TP304N (ASTM A312) | TP304 (ukuqhathanisa) |
| C | ≤ 0.08 | ≤ 0.08 |
| Mn | ≤ 2.00 | ≤ 2.00 |
| P | ≤ 0.045 | ≤ 0.045 |
| S | ≤ 0.030 | ≤ 0.030 |
| Si | ≤ 1.00 | ≤ 1.00 |
| Cr | 18.0 – 20.0 | 18.0 – 20.0 |
| Ni | 8.0 – 11.0 | 8.0 – 11.0 |
| N | 0.10 – 0.16 | ≤ 0.10 |
| Fe | Ibhalansi | Ibhalansi |
Izakhiwo Zomshini (Izinga Lokushisa Legumbi, Isixazululo Esihlanganisiwe):
| Impahla | I-TP304N | I-TP304 |
| Amandla Okukhiqiza (ubuncane, isilinganiso esingu-0.2%) | 275 MPa (39,900 psi) | 205 MPa (30,000 psi) |
| Amandla Okudonsa (iminithi) | I-550 MPa (79,800 psi) | I-515 MPa (74,700 psi) |
| Ukwelulwa (isilinganiso esincane, esingu-50mm) | 35% | 40% |
| Ubulukhuni (ubuningi) | 90 HRB | 90 HRB |
Izakhiwo Ezibonakalayo:
- Ubuningi: 7.93 g/cm³
- I-Modulus of Elasticity: 200 GPa (29 × 10⁶ psi)
- Ukushisa Okuphezulu: 16.2 W/m·K ku-100°C
- Isilinganiso Sokwanda Kokushisa: 17.2 × 10⁻⁶/°C (20-100°C)
Ukumelana Nokugqwala:
- Kufana no-304 ezindaweni eziningi (ukumelana okuhle nama-oxidizing acid, ama-organic acid)
- Ukumelana nomgodi okuthuthukisiwe kancane ngenxa ye-nitrogen (PREN ≈ 19-20 vs 18 for 304)
- Ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nokugqwala kwe-intergranular ngemva kokushisela (uma isixazululo sifakwe kahle)
- Akufanelekile ukusebenza kwe-chloride ngaphezu kwezinga lokushisa elizungezile (sebenzisa i-316N noma i-duplex yama-chloride)
Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko Ezingaphezu Kwama-304:
- Amandla aphezulu okukhiqiza angu-35% avumela izindonga ezincane (ukunciphisa isisindo ngo-20-25%)
- Ukucindezeleka okuphezulu okuvunyelwe ngokwesigaba VIII se-ASME semithambo yokucindezela
- Ukushibilika okufana nokwakheka
- Ukumelana okungcono kancane kokufaka imigodi
3. Ukuhambisana Nobubanzi Nokulinganisa Kwezindinganiso
| Into | Imininingwane |
| Okujwayelekile | I-ASTM A312 / ASME SA312 (futhi i-A358, A249) |
| Izinqubo Zokukhiqiza | I-ERW, i-EFW, i-LSAW |
| Ububanzi Bobubanzi Bangaphandle | ERW: 6.35 - 610mm; EFW/LSAW: 219 – 1524mm |
| Ububanzi Bokujiya Kodonga | ERW: 0.5 - 12.7mm; I-EFW/LSAW: 4.0 – 50mm |
| Ibanga Lokuhlela | Ama-5S, 10S, 40S, 80S (we-NPS 1/8″ – 48″) |
| Ibanga Lobude | Okujwayelekile: 6m; Okunwetshiwe: 12m, 18m, kufika ku-24m |
| Ukuqeda Ukuqeda | Isiphetho Esilula (PE), Isiphetho Esibekiwe (BE) |
| Ukuqedwa Komphezulu | Okufakwe Futhi Okufakwe Amanzi, Okufakwe Amanzi Okukhanyayo, Okupholishiwe |
| Ukubekezelelana | I-OD: ±0.5% noma ±3.2mm; Isisindo: ±12.5% (ngokwe-ASTM A999); Ubude: +50mm / -0mm |
4. Ubukhulu Nemininingwane Etholakalayo – Ipayipi Lensimbi Engagqwali Elihlanganisiwe le-ASTM A312 TP304N
| I-NPS | I-OD (mm) | Ishejuli | Isisindo (mm) | Isisindo (kg/m) | Ubude Obujwayelekile | Isicelo Esijwayelekile |
| 1/2″ | 21.3 | 10S | 2.11 | 1.00 | 6m | Umugqa we-hydraulic |
| 3/4″ | 26.7 | 10S | 2.11 | 1.28 | 6m | Ukulinganisa kwamakhemikhali |
| 1″ | 33.4 | 10S | 2.77 | 2.09 | 6m | Amanzi acindezelwe kakhulu |
| 1-1/2″ | 48.3 | 10S | 2.77 | 3.11 | 6m | Umugqa wenqubo |
| 2″ | 60.3 | 10S | 2.77 | 3.93 | 6m / 12m | Umkhumbi wokucindezela |
| 3″ | 88.9 | 10S | 3.05 | 6.46 | 6m / 12m | Ikholomu yesakhiwo |
| 4″ | 114.3 | 10S | 3.05 | 8.37 | 6m / 12m | Isishintshi sokushisa |
| 6″ | 168.3 | 10S | 3.40 | 13.8 | 6m / 12m | Umshini wokugaya iphepha |
| 8″ | 219.1 | 10S | 3.76 | 20.0 | 12m | I-Offshore topside |
| 10″ | 273.0 | 10S | 4.19 | 27.8 | 12m | Ukusekelwa kwesakhiwo |
| 12″ | 323.9 | 10S | 4.57 | 36.0 | 12m | Isihloko esiyinhloko |
| 16″ | 406.4 | 10S | 4.78 | 47.4 | 12m | Igobolondo lomkhumbi wokucindezela |
| 20″ | 508.0 | 10S | 5.54 | 68.6 | 12m | Ububanzi obukhulu |
| 24″ | 609.6 | 10S | 6.35 | 94.4 | 12m | Ithangi lokugcina izinto |
Ubukhulu obungokwezifiso ngaphandle kwalezi zigaba buyatholakala. I-TP304N ivumela izindonga ezincane kune-304 ukuze kube nesilinganiso esifanayo sokucindezela.
5. Izindinganiso Nezigaba Zensimbi Engagqwali Ezivamile Ezikhiqizwe Yinsimbi YaseWomic
| Okujwayelekile | Amabanga Ensimbi | Isicelo Esijwayelekile | Inqubo Yokushisela |
| I-ASTM A312 | I-TP304N, TP304, TP304L, TP316N, TP316 | Isevisi egqwalisayo, ingcindezi | I-ERW/EFW/LSAW |
| I-ASTM A358 | I-TP304N, TP304, TP316 | Ukuhlanganiswa kukagesi okuhlanganisiwe | I-EFW |
| I-ASTM A249 | I-TP304N | Ibhoyila, i-superheater, i-heat exchanger | I-ERW/EFW |
| I-ASTM A312 | TP304L, TP316L | Isevisi evamile yokugqwala | I-ERW/EFW/LSAW |
| I-EN 10217-7 | 1.4315 (304N) | Izinjongo zokucindezela | I-SAW/ERW |
Ukusetshenziswa:Imikhumbi yokucindezela, izingxenye zesakhiwo, amapayipi asogwini lolwandle, ukucubungula amakhemikhali, izinto zokushintshanisa ukushisa, imishini yokugaya iphepha.
6. Inqubo Yokukhiqiza – Ipayipi Lensimbi Engagqwali Elihlanganisiwe (ERW, EFW, LSAW)
Inqubo ye-ERW (yokushisela ukumelana nogesi) – Ububanzi obuncane kuya kobuphakathi (6.35–610mm OD):
1. Ukuhlolwa Kwezinto Ezingavuthiwe (Umugqa/Ikhoyili):I-TP304N strip iqinisekiswe ukwakheka kwayo (Cr 18-20%, Ni 8-11%, N 0.10-0.16%). Ikhoyili ngayinye inenombolo yokushisa ehlukile.
2. Ukuvula Nokulinganisa
3. Ukusikwa Kwemicu Emaphethelweni
4. Ukwakheka:Ukwakheka kokugoqa okuqhubekayo.
5. Ukushisela Okuvame Kakhulu:Ukufakwa kokushisa okulungiselelwe kahle (≤ 1.5 kJ/mm) ukuze kulondolozwe i-nitrogen. Kungadingeka isivinini esiphezulu.
6. Ukubopha Umthungo:Ukufakwa kwe-induction kulandelwe yi-water quench.
7. Usayizi Nokuqondisa
8. Ukusika Kuze Kube Bude
9. I-NDT:Ukuhlolwa kwamanje kwe-Eddy (100%) + i-UT ongayikhetha.
10.Isixazululo Sokunamathisela (Ipayipi Eligcwele):1040-1120°C, isicisha-manzi. Kubalulekile ekuncibilikiseni ama-nitride nokubuyisela izakhiwo.
11.Ukuhlolwa Kwamanzi
12.Ukukhahlela kanye nokudlulisa ulaka
13.Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-PMI (XRF) kanye ne-nitrogen (uma kuchaziwe)
14.Ukuhlolwa Kokugcina Nokumaka
Inqubo ye-EFW (Electric Fusion Welding) – Ububanzi obukhulu (219–1219mm OD, 4.0–50mm WET):
1. Ukulungiselela Ipuleti:Ipuleti le-TP304N, imiphetho igobile (i-X bevel).
2. Ukwakha Ama-Roll
3. Ukushisela Amathegi
4. I-TIG (GTAW) Root Pass:Isigcwalisi esifanelanayo (ER308 noma ER304N), igesi esekela i-argon.
5. Amaphasi Okugcwalisa i-SAW kanye Nesivalo:I-SAW edlula izikhathi eziningi enokufakwa kokushisa okulawulwayo (≤ 1.8 kJ/mm), i-interpass ≤ 150°C.
6. Ukushintshwa Kwangaphakathi
7. Ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray okungu-100%(ngokwe-ASTM A358)
8. Isixazululo Sokumboza:Ukwelashwa kokushisa kwamapayipi okuphelele (1040-1120°C), isicisha-manzi.
9. Ukukhahlela kanye nokudlulisa ulaka
10.Ukuhlolwa Kwamanzi
11.Ukuhlolwa Nokumaka Okulinganiselwe
Inqubo ye-LSAW ye-Stainless – Ububanzi obukhulu kakhulu (406–1524mm OD, 6.0–50mm WET):
- UOE noma i-JCOE yakhiwa kusuka kupuleti le-TP304N
- Ukushisela kwe-SAW okunezinhlangothi ezimbili
- Ukufakwa kwesisombululo esigcwele ngemva kokushisela
Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele Nge-TP304N:
- Okuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen kumele kulawulwe ukuze kugwenywe ukuna kwe-nitride
- Isixazululo sokushisa okuphansi kokuphela okuphezulu (1080-1120°C) ukuze kuncibilikiswe ama-nitride
- Ukucima amanzi kuyadingeka ukuze kugcinwe i-nitrogen esixazululweni esiqinile
- Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zokushisela kufanele zibe nokuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen okufanayo (i-ER308L ene-N eyengeziwe)
7. Izinqubo Zokulawula Ikhwalithi Nokuhlola ze-ASTM A312 TP304N Ipayipi Lensimbi Engagqwali Elihlanganisiwe
| Isiteji | Indlela Yokuhlola | Inhloso |
| Impahla eluhlaza | Ukuhlaziywa Kwamakhemikhali (OES + Ukushiswa kwe-N) | Qinisekisa i-TP304N (N 0.10-0.16%, Cr 18-20%, Ni 8-11%) |
| Impahla eluhlaza | Ukuhlolwa Kokunamathela | Qinisekisa isivuno ≥ 275 MPa, ukuthambekela ≥ 550 MPa |
| Impahla eluhlaza | Ubulukhuni | ≤ 90 HRB |
| Kusenqubo | Ukuqapha Ukufakwa Kokushisa | ≤ 1.8 kJ/mm |
| Ukushisela (ERW) | I-Eddy Current (100%) | Ubuqotho be-Weld |
| Ukushisela (EFW/LSAW) | I-UT engu-100% (noma i-PAUT) | Thola amaphutha okushisela |
| Ukushisela (EFW/LSAW) | I-RT (indawo noma i-100% nge-spec) | Ikhwalithi yokushisela |
| Ukushisela | I-Dye Penetrant (PT) | Imifantu engaphezulu |
| Ngemuva kwe-Annealing yesisombululo | Ukuhlolwa Kokuqina | ≤ 90 HRB |
| Ngemuva kwe-Annealing yesisombululo | Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-nitrogen (uma kuchaziwe) | Qinisekisa okuqukethwe okungu-N epayipini eliqediwe |
| Ipayipi Eliqediwe | Ukuhlolwa Kwamanzi | Ubuqotho bengcindezi |
| Ipayipi Eliqediwe | Ukugoba Okuthambile/Okuqondiswayo | Ukuguquguquka |
| Ipayipi Eliqediwe | I-PMI (XRF) | Qinisekisa ibanga (Cr, Ni) |
| Ipayipi Eliqediwe | Okubonakalayo Nokumaka | Ukulandelela |
Ukuhlolwa Ongakukhetha:
- Ukuhlolwa kokuqina kwezinga lokushisa eliphakeme (uma kudingeka ekwakhiweni)
- Ukuhlolwa kokugqwala kwe-pitting (ASTM G48) kwesevisi ebalulekile
- Ukuhlolwa kokugqwala okuphakathi kwe-granular (i-ASTM A262 Practice E)
8. Izicelo Eziyinhloko – Ipayipi Lensimbi Engagqwali Elihlanganisiwe le-ASTM A312 TP304N
1. Imikhumbi yokucindezela kanye namathangi okugcina izinto:Ukucindezeleka okuphezulu okuvunyelwe ngokwesigaba VIII se-ASME kuvumela izindonga ezincane (ukonga isisindo okungu-20-25%) uma kuqhathaniswa no-304.
2. Izingxenye zesakhiwo ezindaweni ezigqwalisayo:Izisekelo zeplatifomu engaphezulu kolwandle, uhlaka lwesakhiwo sesitshalo samakhemikhali, amakholomu esitshalo sokucubungula ukudla. Amandla aphezulu anciphisa usayizi wesigaba.
3. Amapayipi angaphandle kwepulatifomu ephezulu:Cubungula amapayipi lapho kudingeka khona isilinganiso esiphezulu sokucindezela kodwa kungadingeki i-duplex. I-TP304N inikeza amandla aphakathi nendawo.
4. Ukucubungula ngamakhemikhali (izinhlelo zokucindezela okuphezulu):Amapayipi okungena/okukhipha i-reactor, imigqa yokudlulisa enomfutho ophezulu lapho i-304 inganele khona kodwa i-316L ichazwe ngokweqile.
5. Amagobolondo namapayipi okushintshanisa ukushisa:Ukucindezela ohlangothini lwegobolondo kungandiswa ngaphandle kokukhulisa igobolondo. Amapayipi angaba nezindonga ezincane ukuze kudluliselwe ukushisa okungcono.
6. Imishini yokugaya iphepha:Imigqa yokugaya ukudla, amapayipi okulungiselela isitokwe lapho amandla aphezulu emelana nokuguguleka nokugqwala.
7. Indawo yokwenza utshwala kanye namapayipi obisi:Izinhlelo ze-CIP (Clean-In-Place) ezinengcindezi ephezulu kanye nemigqa yemikhiqizo esebenza kubha eyi-10-15.
8. Imigqa ye-hydraulic:Izintambo zokulawula nezinsimbi ezidinga ukucindezela okukhulu kokuqhuma kuno-304.
9. Imizimba yephampu nama-valve:Izingxenye ezibunjiwe noma ezenziwe (zithatha indawo ka-304 ngamandla aphezulu).
10.Izinhlelo zokuhlanza amanzi ezinomfutho ophezulu:Imigqa yokuphakela ye-osmosis ebuyela emuva (isilinganiso sokucindezela okuphezulu).
11.Izakhiwo zokwakha:Lapho amandla aphezulu evumela khona amaphrofayili amancane (izibambo, izisekelo).
9. Ukupakisha Nokuthumela – Ipayipi Lensimbi Engagqwali Elihlanganisiwe le-ASTM A312 TP304N
Ukupakisha:
- Ukuvikelwa kokungagqwali:Amapayipi agcotshwe ngamafutha noma iphepha le-VCI. Kokudla/kokwenza ubhiya, akukho ntsalela yamafutha (ipulasitiki yokugoqa).
- Iziqephu zokugcina:Izivalo zepulasitiki zemiphetho egobile.
- Ukuhlanganisa (Ububanzi obuncane):Izinqwaba ezinezintambo zensimbi kanye nephepha elihlanganayo.
- Ukupakisha ngakunye (Ububanzi obukhulu):Ifilimu yepulasitiki.
- Amabhokisi ezinkunikwezicelo ezibalulekile.
Ukuthunyelwa:
- Izitsha ezingama-≤ 610mm, ubukhulu obuphakathi kobubanzi obukhulu.
- Imibhalo:I-MTC 3.1/3.2, umbiko wokuhlolwa kwamanzi, imibiko yamanje/ye-UT ye-eddy, umbiko we-PMI, umbiko wobukhulu, uhlu lokupakisha, i-COO.
10. Izinzuzo ze-Womic Steel kanye ne-FAQ - Ipayipi le-ASTM A312 TP304N Elihlanganisiwe Lensimbi Engagqwali
Kungani Kufanele Usebenzisane Nensimbi Yombhobho We-TP304N Welded?
- Ububanzi Bosayizi Ophelele: ERW 1/4″ – 24″, EFW/LSAW 8″ – 60″.
- Ukufakwa kwesisombululo esigcwele ngemva kokushisela (1040-1120°C, isicisha-manzi).
- Ukugcinwa kwe-nitrogen kuqinisekiswa ngokuhlaziywa kokusha.
- Amandla aphezulu avumela izindonga ezincane - ukonga isisindo esingu-20-25% ngaphezu kuka-304.
- Izikhathi zokuhola ezincintisanayo: izinsuku ezingama-25-35 ze-ERW, izinsuku ezingama-35-50 ze-EFW/LSAW.
- Isitifiketi Somhlaba Wonke: ISO 9001, PED (CE), EN 10204 Uhlobo 3.2.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa (Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa) – Ipayipi Elihlanganisiwe le-ASTM A312 TP304N
U: Iyini inzuzo ye-TP304N kune-304 ejwayelekile?
A: I-TP304N inamandla okukhiqiza aphezulu ngo-35% (275 MPa vs 205 MPa) ngenkathi igcina ukumelana nokugqwala okufanayo, ukuguquguquka, kanye nokushibilika. Lokhu kuvumela abaklami ukuthi basebenzise izindonga ezincane zemikhumbi yokucindezela kanye namapayipi, behlisa isisindo ngo-20-25% futhi behlisa izindleko zezinto zokwakha ngesilinganiso esifanayo sokucindezela. Ngezinhlelo zokusebenza zesakhiwo, kungasetshenziswa osayizi abancane bezingxenye.
U: Ingabe i-TP304N ibiza kakhulu kune-304?
A: Kancane, ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwe-nitrogen kanye nokulawulwa kokwakheka okuqinile. Kodwa-ke, ukonga isisindo (izindonga ezincane ezingama-20-25%) kuvame ukuholela ezindleleni eziphansi zezinto zokwakha zezinhlelo zokusebenza eziqukethe ukucindezela. Ezinhlelweni zezakhiwo lapho amandla ebaluleke khona, ukunciphisa isisindo kunganciphisa intengo ephezulu yeyunithi.
Q: Ingabe i-TP304N ingashintshwa ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yi-nitrogen?
A: Yebo, ngemingcele efanele yokushisela (ukufakwa kokushisa okuphansi, ≤ 1.8 kJ/mm) kanye nensimbi yokugcwalisa efanele (ER308 noma ER304N). I-nitrogen egcinwe ensimbini yokushisela ngokuvamile ingu-80-90% wensimbi eyisisekelo. Inqubo ye-Womic's ERW isebenzisa ukushisela okuthuthukisiwe okuvamise kakhulu okunciphisa ukulahleka kwe-nitrogen. Ngezicelo ezibalulekile, ukuncibilikisa isixazululo ngemva kokushisela kubuyisela ukusatshalaliswa kwe-nitrogen.
Q: Ingabe i-TP304N idinga ukuncibilikiswa kwesisombululo ngemva kokushisela?
A: I-ASTM A312 idinga ukunamathisela isixazululo sepayipi elihlanganisiwe. Ku-TP304N, ukunamathisela isixazululo ku-1040-1120°C kulandelwe ukucisha amanzi kuyadingeka ukuze kuncibilikiswe noma yimaphi ama-nitride okungenzeka ukuthi akheke ngesikhathi sokushisela nokubuyisela ukumelana nokugqwala okugcwele kanye nezakhiwo zemishini. I-Womic yenza ukunamathisela isixazululo kuwo wonke amapayipi ahlanganisiwe e-TP304N.
Q: Ingabe i-TP304N ifanelekile ukuseviswa kwamanzi olwandle?
A: Akukhuthazwa. I-TP304N inokumelana okufanayo kwemigodi ku-304 (PREN ≈ 19-20). Ezindaweni zamanzi olwandle noma ezindaweni ezine-chloride ephezulu, sebenzisa i-316N (ene-Mo) noma insimbi engagqwali ephindwe kabili. I-TP304N yenzelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga amandla aphezulu ezindaweni ezingezona i-chloride noma izindawo ezine-chloride ephansi.
Q: Yikuphi ukucindezeleka okujwayelekile okuvunyelwe kwe-TP304N ku-ASME Section VIII?
A: Emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni, ukucindezeleka okuvumelekile kwe-TP304N cishe kungama-137 MPa (20,000 psi) uma kuqhathaniswa ne-115 MPa (16,700 psi) kuma-304 – cishe kuphakeme ngo-19%. Amanani angempela ancike ekushiseni; bheka i-ASME Section II, Ingxenye D. Abaklami kufanele basebenzise amanani okucindezeleka avumelekile afanele ebanga elithile.
Q: Yisiphi isikhathi esijwayelekile sokuhola sepayipi lensimbi engagqwali elihlanganisiwe le-TP304N?
A: Izinsuku ezingama-25-35 ze-ERW (ububanzi obuncane kuya kobuphakathi), izinsuku ezingama-35-50 ze-EFW/LSAW (ububanzi obukhulu). I-TP304N iyibanga elijwayelekile lama-mill amaningi, ngakho-ke izikhathi zokuhola zifana ne-304.
Q: Ingabe i-TP304N ingasetshenziswa ekuhlinzekeni izinga lokushisa eliphezulu (ngaphezu kuka-500°C)?
A: Amandla okushisa aphezulu e-TP304N angcono kune-304 ngenxa yokuqina kwesisombululo esiqinile se-nitrogen. Kodwa-ke, ukuze kusetshenziswe isikhathi eside ngaphezu kuka-550°C, amazinga ane-carbon ephezulu (304H) noma amazinga amelana nokuqhekeka (321H, 347H) ayathandwa. I-TP304N ifaneleka kakhulu emazingeni okushisa aphakathi (<425°C) lapho kudingeka khona amandla.
11. Inkomba Yephrojekthi – Amapayipi Aphezulu Eplatifomu Yasogwini kanye Nokusekelwa Kwesakhiwo (eBrazil)
Izwe:I-Brazil (Campos Basin, offshore Rio de Janeiro)
Okujwayelekile kanye Nezinga:I-ASTM A312 TP304N (ehlanganisiwe)
Ubukhulu kanye nobuningi:
- OD 219.1mm (8″) × Isheduli 10S (3.76mm WIT) – amamitha ayi-1,200 (cishe amathani angama-28) – Inqubo ye-EFW
- OD 168.3mm (6″) × Isheduli 10S (3.40mm WIT) – amamitha angu-1,800 (cishe amathani angu-22) – Inqubo ye-ERW
- OD 114.3mm (4″) × Isheduli 10S (3.05mm WIT) – amamitha angu-2,500 (cishe amathani angu-20) – Inqubo ye-ERW
- OD 60.3mm (2″) × Isheduli 10S (2.77mm WIT) – amamitha angu-3,000 (cishe amathani ayi-12) – Inqubo ye-ERW
- OD 406.4mm (16″) × Isheduli 10S (4.78mm WIT) – amamitha angu-300 (cishe amathani ayi-12) – Inqubo ye-EFW (amakholomu esakhiwo)
Isiyonke:Amamitha angu-8,800 (8.8 km), cishe amathani angu-94
Imininingwane:Isixazululo se-ASTM A312 TP304N sifakwe futhi safakwa uviniga, sibekwe emaphethelweni. Ukuhlolwa kwe-hydrostatic. I-100% UT yamapayipi e-EFW, ugesi we-eddy we-ERW. I-PMI kuwo wonke amapayipi. Ukuhlolwa kokudonsa (isivuno ≥ 275 MPa, kufinyelelwe ku-310-340 MPa; ukudonsa ≥ 550 MPa, kufinyelelwe ku-580-620 MPa). Umthelela we-Charpy ku--20°C (ubuncane 27J, kufinyelelwe ku-100-150J). Ukuhlolwa kokugqwala kwe-intergranular ngokwe-ASTM A262 Practice E (pass). Ukuhlolwa komuntu wesithathu yi-DNV Brazil.
Isicelo:Amapayipi enqubo angaphezulu kanye nezisekelo zesakhiwo sepulatifomu yokukhiqiza engaphandle kolwandle eCampos Basin. Izibambo zamapayipi enqubo zikhiqize amanzi kanye negesi enomfutho ophansi ku-50-80°C enokuqukethwe okuphansi kwe-chloride (amanzi akhiqizwe aphathwe kahle). Izisekelo zesakhiwo zenzelwe ama-skid emishini kanye nama-racks amapayipi. Ipulatifomu idinga ukunciphisa isisindo ukuze yandise impilo yayo yesevisi (ukukhathazeka ngokukhathala). I-TP304N ikhethwe ngenxa yamandla ayo aphezulu angu-35% okukhiqiza, okuvumela izindonga ezincane (Sheduli 10S esikhundleni seSheduli 40S) kokubili amalungu epayipi kanye nesakhiwo.
Umongo Wobunjiniyela:Ekuqaleni ipulatifomu yaklanywa amapayipi angu-304. Ngokuthuthukela ku-TP304N nokunciphisa ukujiya kodonga kusuka ku-Schedule 40S (4.55-8.18mm) kuya ku-Schedule 10S (2.77-4.78mm), ithimba lobunjiniyela lithole ukwehla kwesisindo ngo-45% kumapayipi kanye nokwehla kwesisindo ngo-30% ezisekelweni zesakhiwo - ukonga isisindo okuphelele kwamathani angu-35 (27% wesisindo sokuqala). Lokhu kwavumela ipulatifomu ukuthi ihlale ngaphakathi kwesabelomali sayo sesisindo esiphezulu.
Izinselele Zobuchwepheshe Nezixazululo:
- Ukwehlisa isisindo ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni isilinganiso sokucindezeleka– Amandla aphezulu okukhiqiza e-TP304N avumela izindonga ezincane nge-ASME B31.3 ngayinye. Kumapayipi angu-8″, i-Schedule 10S (3.76mm) ithathe indawo ye-Schedule 40S (8.18mm), yehlisa isisindo ngo-54%. I-Womic inikeze isitifiketi sobukhulu kanye nemibiko yokuhlola ingcindezi. Ukuhlolwa kwe-hydrostatic ku-3.0 MPa kuphumelele (ingcindezi yomklamo engu-1.8 MPa, ingcindezi yokuhlola engu-2.7 MPa).
- Ukufanisa amandla ensimbi okushibilika– Insimbi yokushisela ye-ERW kanye ne-EFW kumele ibe namandla alingana nensimbi eyisisekelo. Amapharamitha e-ERW alungiselelwe yi-Womic ukuze kufezwe ukusebenza kahle kwejoyinti lokushisela elingu-95% (amandla okushisela angu-560 MPa vs isisekelo esingu-590 MPa). Ama-weld e-EFW asebenzisa i-ER308 filler athole ukusebenza kahle kwejoyinti okungu-100%. Zonke izivivinyo zokushisela zejoyinti ziphumelele.
- Ukumelana nokugqwala ekujiyeni kodonga okunciphile– Izindonga ezincane zinemvume encane yokugqwala. Amanzi akhiqizwayo ane-chloride ephansi (< 50 ppm) ene-pH engu-6.5-7.5, ngakho izinga lokugqwala liphansi. I-TP304N inokumelana nokugqwala okungcono kancane kune-304 ngenxa ye-nitrogen. I-Womic yenze ukuhlolwa kokugqwala kwe-ASTM G48 (amahora angu-24 ku-22°C) – akukho ukugqwala. Iklayenti liyamukelekile.
- Umklamo wokusekela isakhiwo usebenzisa i-TP304N– Amakholomu esakhiwo angu-16″ asebenzise i-Schedule 10S (4.78mm) esikhundleni se-Schedule 40S (9.53mm). Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Finite element (FEA) kuqinisekisile ukuthi udonga oluncane olunamandla aphezulu e-TP304N lunikeze umthamo womthwalo olinganayo. I-Womic inikeze ukubekezelelana kokuqina ≤ 0.15% kokuqina kwekholomu.
- Inqubo yokushisela yasensimini ye-TP304N– Ithimba lokulungisa ipulatifomu kwakudingeka lilungise amapayipi ngesikhathi sokufakwa. I-Womic inikeze i-WPS isebenzisa i-GTAW ene-ER308 filler, i-heat input ≤ 1.8 kJ/mm, i-interpass ≤ 150°C. Amakhuphoni angu-20 e-weld aphumelele i-RT, i-PT, kanye nokuhlolwa kokudonsa.
- Ukuthunyelwa Kwempahla E-Campos Basin– Amapayipi athunyelwa esuka eShanghai aya eRio de Janeiro, abese ethunyelwa epulatifomu yolwandle ngomkhumbi wokuhambisa. I-DNV ihlole amapayipi ngesikhathi sokulayisha. Wonke amathani angu-94 alethwa ngemithwalo emibili emavikini ama-5.
Umphumela:Amapayipi angaphezulu kwepulatifomu kanye nezisekelo zesakhiwo ezifakiwe ku-Q2 2024. Ukonga isisindo kwamathani angu-35 kuvumele ipulatifomu ukuthi ihlangabezane nomkhawulo wayo wesisindo esingaphezulu ngaphandle kokudinga ukuqinisa isakhiwo. Ngemva kwezinyanga ezingu-12 zokusebenza, ukuhlolwa akubonisanga ukugqwala noma ukwehluleka kwe-weld. Umsebenzisi uhlela ukusebenzisa i-TP304N ekuthuthukisweni kwepulatifomu esikhathini esizayo ukuze kuncishiswe isisindo futhi kwandiswe impilo yempahla. I-Womic Steel manje ingumhlinzeki ofanelekayo wezidingo zalo mqhubi zamapayipi ensimbi engagqwali.
Xhumana:
Iwebhusayithi: www.womicsteel.com
I-imeyili: sales@womicsteel.com
Ucingo / WhatsApp / WeChat:
UVictor: +86 15575100681
UJack: +86 18390957568
Insimbi Yom-Womic – Umlingani wakho othembekile wamapayipi ensimbi engagqwali ahlanganisiwe e-ASTM A312 TP304N emikhumbi yokucindezela, amapulatifomu asogwini, izinhlelo zokusebenza zesakhiwo, kanye nezinhlelo zamakhemikhali ezinomfutho ophezulu emhlabeni jikelele.
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