1. Insimbi Yomdabu: Amakhono Okukhiqiza kanye Namandla Enkampani
I-Womic Steel Group ingumkhiqizi ovelele kanye nomthengisi wangaphandle emhlabeni jikelele onolwazi olungaphezu kweminyaka engama-20 ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo ye-carbon, i-alloy, kanye ne-stainless steel tubular. Isikhungo sethu sokukhiqiza amapayipi okuhlanganisa izinto esisezingeni eliphezulu sihlanganisa ikhono lokukhiqiza eliphelele elingaphezu kwamathani angu-20,000 ngenyanga lamapayipi okuhlanganisa izinto zensimbi zasolwandle, sisebenzisa izinqubo ze-ERW kanye ne-LSAW/SSAW.
Ububanzi Bosayizi Wokukhiqiza Wepayipi Lokufaka Amapayipi Olwandle:Ububanzi bangaphandle busukela ku-219mm kuya ku-660mm (amasentimitha angu-8 kuya ku-26) wenqubo ye-ERW, kanye no-508mm kuya ku-3,000mm (amasentimitha angu-20 kuya ku-120) wenqubo ye-LSAW/SSAW. Ubukhulu bodonga busukela ku-6.0mm kuya ku-25.4mm we-ERW, kanye no-6.0mm kuya ku-50.8mm we-LSAW/SSAW. Ubude obubodwa busukela ku-6m kuya ku-18m ejwayelekile, kanye nobude obungokwezifiso obufika ku-60m obutholakala kumaphrojekthi esisekelo esijulile.
Izitifiketi Zekhwalithi Nokuhambisana Nemithetho:
Isitifiketi se-ISO 9001:2015:Uhlelo Lokuphathwa Kwekhwalithi lokufaka izinqubo zokukhiqizwa kwamapayipi kanye nokulawula ikhwalithi, ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo eqhubekayo kanye nokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kuyo yonke imisebenzi yokukhiqiza.
Ilayisensi ye-Monogram ye-API 5L / API 2B:I-Womic Steel inelayisensi ye-API 5L yokukhiqiza i-Line Pipe kanye nelayisensi ye-API 2B ye-Structural Steel Pipe yezicelo zasolwandle. I-API Monogram imelela ukuzibophezela kwethu ezindinganisweni eziphakeme kakhulu zemboni zokudlulisa uwoyela negesi kanye namapayipi okufaka izindonga olwandle. Ukuhlolwa kwe-API okuvamile kuqinisekisa ukuhambisana okuqhubekayo nezidingo zemininingwane.
Ukumaka kwe-CE (PED 2014/68/EU):Amapayipi ethu okufaka amapayipi kanye namapayipi esakhiwo ahambisana ne-European Pressure Equipment Directive (PED) 2014/68/EU. Ukumakwa kwe-CE kuyatholakala uma kuceliwe ukuze kube lula ukusulwa kwentela okushelelayo kanye nokwamukelwa kwephrojekthi ngaphakathi kwe-European Economic Area (EEA). Isimemezelo Sokusebenza (DoP) sinikezwe imikhiqizo ejwayelekile ye-EN.
Isitifiketi se-EN 10204 3.2:Ngaphezu kwezitifiketi zokuhlolwa ze-Mill ezijwayelekile ezingu-2.2 no-3.1, sihlinzeka ngemikhiqizo enesitifiketi sokuhlola esingu-3.2, esiqinisekiswe yizinhlangano zangaphandle ezigunyazwe yi-EU (TÜV, LR, BV, SGS) zamaphrojekthi abalulekile asemanzini kanye nesisekelo adinga ukulandelelwa okugcwele kwezinto kanye nokuqinisekiswa okuzimele.
Ukuvunyelwa Kokuhlolwa Kweqembu Lesithathu (TPI):Imikhiqizo yethu kanye nezinqubo zokukhiqiza ziyavunywa futhi zihlolwe yizikhungo ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe kanye nezinhlangano zokuHlela okuhlanganisa i-SGS, i-BV, i-ABS, i-LR, i-DNV, i-GL, kanye ne-TÜV. Lokhu kuvunyelwa kubonisa ikhono lethu lokuhlinzeka ngamapayipi okufaka izintambo kumaphrojekthi olwandle nasogwini alawulwa umphakathi.
Izitifiketi ezengeziwe ezitholakalayo:
I-ISO 14001:2015(Uhlelo Lokuphathwa Kwemvelo) – Sizibophezele emikhubeni yokukhiqiza esimeme
I-ISO 45001:2018(Uhlelo Lokuphathwa Kwezempilo Nokuphepha Emsebenzini) – Ukuqinisekisa indawo yokusebenza ephephile
I-FPC (Ukulawulwa Kokukhiqiza Kwefektri)ngokwe-EN 10248 / EN 10219 – Ukuziqinisekisa kokuhambisana nokumaka kwe-CE
I-NORSOK M-650(Indinganiso yaseNorway yezinto zensimbi) – Iyatholakala kumaphrojekthi aseNorth Sea asogwini lolwandle
I-KTA 3211.2(Indinganiso yenuzi yaseJalimane) – Iyatholakala kwizicelo zokufaka inqwaba yezikhungo zenuzi
Ukuvunyelwa Okuqondene Nekhasimende:Sivame ukuhlolwa kwefektri kanye nokuvunyelwa kwabakhi abakhulu be-EPC, iziphathimandla zamachweba, kanye nezinkampani zamandla emhlabeni jikelele. Imibhalo kanye nokusekelwa kokuhlolwa kwezimali kuhlinzekwa ngezinqubo zokufaneleka kwabaphakeli.
Ukuqashelwa Komhlaba Wonke:I-Womic Steel ingumhlinzeki othembekile kubakhi be-EPC bomhlaba wonke, iziphathimandla zamachweba, izinkampani zobunjiniyela basolwandle, kanye nabakhi besisekelo, ikhonza amazwe angaphezu kuka-80 kulo lonke elaseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, eYurophu, eMpumalanga Ephakathi, e-Afrika naseMelika.
2. I-ASTM A252 GR.3 kanye ne-EN 10248 S355GP: Ukwakheka Kwezinto Nezimpawu Zokusebenza
I-ASTM A252 GR.3yincazelo ejwayelekile yaseMelika yamapayipi ensimbi ahlanganisiwe futhi angenamthungo. Igama elithi "GR.3" libonisa iBanga lesi-3, elinesidingo samandla esiphezulu phakathi kwamazinga amathathu e-ASTM A252 (GR.1, GR.2, GR.3). IBanga lesi-3 linikeza amandla okukhiqiza okungenani angu-345 MPa (50,000 psi), okwenza kube ukukhetha okuthandwayo kwesisekelo esijulile, ukufakwa kwamapulangwe olwandle, kanye nezicelo zokuthwala imithwalo esindayo lapho kudingeka khona ubuqotho besakhiwo obuphezulu.
I-EN 10248 S355GPiyindinganiso yaseYurophu yokufaka insimbi egoqwe ngokushisa kanye nokufaka ipayipi. I-"S" imelela insimbi yesakhiwo, i-"355" imelela amandla amancane okukhiqiza angu-355 MPa, kanti i-"GP" imelela i-"General Piling" (ukusetshenziswa okuvamile kokufaka ipayipi). I-S355GP inikeza amandla okukhiqiza aphezulu kancane kune-ASTM A252 GR.3 (355 MPa vs 345 MPa) futhi ichazwe kabanzi kumaphrojekthi okwakha olwandle aseYurophu, eMpumalanga Ephakathi, nase-Afrika.
Womabili la mabanga aklanyelwe ngqo ukusetshenziswa kokugoqa, enikeza ukushibilika okuhle kakhulu kokuhlanganisa insimu, ukuqina okuhle kokushisa okuphansi ezindaweni zasolwandle, kanye nokuguquguquka okwanele ukumelana nokucindezeleka kokushayela ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwenqwaba. Uma kuqhathaniswa namazinga ajwayelekile esakhiwo afana ne-A36 noma i-S235JR, la mabanga okugoqa anikeza amandla aphezulu kakhulu okuthwala umthwalo, okuvumela ukujula okujulile kokushayela kanye nobuningi bezinqwaba obuncishisiwe.
Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali (Ukuhlaziywa Kwezindebe, % ngobuningi):
| Isici | I-ASTM A252 GR.3 (Ubuningi %) | I-EN 10248 S355GP (Ubuningi %) |
| C | 0.26 | 0.22 |
| Si | — | 0.55 |
| Mn | 1.35 | 1.60 |
| P | 0.040 | 0.035 |
| S | 0.050 | 0.035 |
| Cu | — | 0.55 |
| I-CE (ubuningi) | — | 0.45 |
Qaphela: I-EN 10248 S355GP inemikhawulo eqinile kakhulu ku-carbon, i-phosphorus, kanye ne-sulfur, okuholela ekushibilikeni okungcono kanye nokuqina uma kuqhathaniswa ne-ASTM A252 GR.3. Womabili la mazinga aklanyelwe ukusetshenziswa kokugoqa nge-ductility enhle yokubekezelela ukucindezeleka okushayela ngaphandle kokuqhekeka. Umkhawulo we-carbon equivalent (CEV) ongu-0.45% we-S355GP uqinisekisa ukushibilika okuhle kakhulu kwensimu yokuhlanganisa izinqwaba.
Izakhiwo Zomshini (Izinga Lokushisa Legumbi):
| Impahla | I-ASTM A252 GR.3 | I-EN 10248 S355GP |
| Amandla Okukhiqiza (iminithi) | I-345 MPa (50,000 psi) | I-355 MPa (51,500 psi) |
| Amandla Okudonsa (iminithi) | I-455 MPa (66,000 psi) | I-470 MPa (68,200 psi) |
| Ukwelulwa (iminithi) | 20% (ngegeyiji engu-50mm) | 19% (Isikhathi eside) |
| Ukuqina Komthelela | Akucacisiwe | Ama-Joules angu-27 @ 0°C (ongakukhetha) |
*Qaphela: I-EN 10248 S355GP inikeza isivuno esincane kakhulu kanye namandla okudonsa uma kuqhathaniswa ne-ASTM A252 GR.3. Ngezinhlelo zokusebenza zasemanzini ezidinga ukuqina komthelela okushisa okuphansi, i-EN 10248 ivumela ukuhlolwa komthelela okungakhethwa ku-0°C (ubuncane bamaJoules angu-27). Ku-ASTM A252 GR.3, ukuhlolwa komthelela akuyona impoqo kodwa kungachazwa njengemfuneko eyengeziwe.*
Ukuqhathaniswa Kwamabanga Epayipi Lokufaka Ipayipi:
| Ibanga | Amandla Okukhiqiza (i-MPa) | Amandla Okudonsa (i-MPa) | Isicelo Esijwayelekile |
| I-ASTM A252 GR.1 | 205 | 345 | Isisekelo esilula, ukunqwabelana okungajulile |
| I-ASTM A252 GR.2 | 240 | 415 | Umthwalo omaphakathi, isisekelo sokwakha |
| I-ASTM A252 GR.3 | 345 | 455 | Umthwalo osindayo, olwandle, isisekelo esijulile |
| I-EN 10248 S235GP | 235 | 360 | Ukufakwa kwenqwaba okulula, ukufakwa kwenqwaba yeshidi |
| I-EN 10248 S275GP | 275 | 410 | Umthwalo ophakathi nendawo, izindonga zokugcina |
| I-EN 10248 S355GP | 355 | 470 | Isisekelo esinzima sasolwandle, esijulile |
*Qaphela: Kumaphrojekthi asemanzini adinga kakhulu ukucindezeleka okuphezulu kokushayela kanye nokungena okujulile, i-ASTM A252 GR.3 kanye ne-EN 10248 S355GP yizona zigaba ezinconywayo. Kumaphrojekthi adinga amandla aphezulu kakhulu (kufika ku-460 MPa), i-API 5L X65 noma i-EN 10225 S460G10+M ingabhekwa njengezindlela ezihlukile.*
3. Ukuhambisana Nobubanzi Nokulinganisa Kwezindinganiso
I-Womic Steel inikeza amapayipi okufaka insimbi yasolwandle kububanzi obubanzi, ihambisana ngokugcwele ne-ASTM A252, EN 10248, kanye nezindinganiso zomhlaba wonke ezihlobene. Zombili izinqubo ze-ERW (Electric Resistance Welded) kanye ne-LSAW (Longitudinal Submerged Arc Welded) ziyatholakala ukumboza ububanzi obugcwele.
| Into | Imininingwane |
| Okujwayelekile | I-ASTM A252 (GR.1, GR.2, GR.3) / EN 10248 (S235GP, S275GP, S355GP) |
| Inqubo Yokukhiqiza | I-ERW (219mm-660mm OD) / I-LSAW (508mm-3,000mm OD) / I-SSAW (508mm-3,000mm OD) |
| Ububanzi Bobubanzi Bangaphandle | ERW: 219mm – 660mm (8" – 26") / LSAW/SSAW: 508mm – 3,000mm (20" – 120") |
| Ububanzi Bokujiya Kodonga | Ububanzi: 6.0mm – 25.4mm / LSAW/SSAW: 6.0mm – 50.8mm |
| Ibanga Lobude | Okujwayelekile: 6m, 12m, 18m / Ngokwezifiso: kufika ku-60m |
| Ukuqeda Ukuqeda | I-Plain End (PE) / Beveled End (BE) enezindandatho zensimbi zomhlatshelo ozikhethela zona |
| Ukuqedwa Komphezulu | Okungenalutho / Okugcotshwe ngamafutha / Okumnyama Okumboziwe / 3PE / FBE / Coal Tar Epoxy |
| Ukubekezelelana | I-OD: ±1.0% / WIT: -0% +15% (ASTM) noma ±10% (EN) / Ubude: +50mm -0mm |
4. Ubukhulu Nemininingwane Etholakalayo - Ipayipi Lokufaka Insimbi Yasolwandle
Ipayipi Lokufaka Inqwaba le-ERW (219mm – 660mm OD)
| I-OD (mm) | Izinketho Zobukhulu Bodonga (mm) | Isisindo (kg/m) | Ubude Obujwayelekile |
| 219.1 | 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0 | 31.5 - 75.5 | 6m / 12m |
| 273.1 | 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 18.0 | 39.5 - 113.2 | 6m / 12m |
| 323.9 | 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 18.0, 20.0 | 47.0 - 149.8 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 355.6 | 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0 | 51.7 - 180.8 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 406.4 | 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 59.2 - 235.1 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 457.2 | 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 88.6 - 266.5 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 508.0 | 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 98.6 - 297.8 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 558.8 | 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 108.7 - 329.1 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 609.6 | 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 118.7 - 360.4 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 660.4 | 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 128.7 - 391.7 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
Ipayipi Lokufaka Inqwaba le-LSAW (508mm – 3,000mm OD)
| I-OD (mm) | Izinketho Zobukhulu Bodonga (mm) | Isisindo (kg/m) | Ubude Obujwayelekile |
| 508 – 610 | 6.0 – 25.4 | 74.3 – 366.3 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 610 – 762 | 6.0 – 30.0 | 89.4 – 541.5 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 762 – 914 | 8.0 – 35.0 | 148.8 – 758.5 | 6m / 12m / 18m / 24m |
| 914 – 1,067 | 10.0 – 40.0 | 222.9 – 1,013.2 | 6m / 12m / 18m / 24m |
| 1,067 – 1,220 | 12.0 – 45.0 | 312.2 – 1,303.9 | 6m / 12m / 18m / 24m |
| 1,220 – 1,422 | 12.0 – 50.0 | 357.6 – 1,692.0 | 6m / 12m / 18m / 24m |
| 1,422 – 1,625 | 12.0 – 50.0 | 417.3 – 1,941.4 | 6m / 12m / 18m / 24m |
| 1,625 – 2,000 | 12.0 – 50.8 | 477.1 – 2,441.1 | 6m / 12m / 18m / 24m |
| 2,000 – 2,500 | 12.0 – 50.8 | 588.5 – 3,065.7 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 2,500 – 3,000 | 12.0 – 50.8 | 736.5 – 3,693.4 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
Qaphela: Ubukhulu obungokwezifiso ngaphandle kwalezi zigaba buyatholakala uma uceliwe. Ububanzi obukhulu (kufika ku-4,000mm / 160") buyatholakala kumaphrojekthi akhethekile.
5. Ipayipi Elivamile Lokugoqa, Izindinganiso Zasolwandle Nezisekelo Ezikhiqizwe yiWomic Steel
| Okujwayelekile | Amabanga Ensimbi | Isicelo Esijwayelekile |
| Izindinganiso Zokugoqa ze-ASTM | ||
| I-ASTM A252 (I-Standard Spec yama-Welded and Seamless Steel Pipe Pipes) | GR.1, GR.2, GR.3 | Izinqwaba zamapayipi ensimbi zesisekelo esijulile, ukuhlanganiswa kwezindonga zasolwandle |
| I-ASTM A500 (I-Standard Spec ye-Cold-Formed Welded and Seamless Carbon Steel Structure Tubing) | GR.A, GR.B, GR.C | Amashubhu ayindilinga/ayisikwele esakhiwo okuhlanganisa nokuqinisa |
| I-ASTM A501 (I-Standard Spec ye-Hot-Formed Welded and Seamless Carbon Steel Structure Tubing) | GR.A, GR.B | Amapayipi esakhiwo akhiwe ngokushisa okuhlanganisa inqwaba |
| I-ASTM A690 (Imininingwane Ejwayelekile Yezinqwaba Zensimbi Ezincane Ezine-Nickel-Copper-Phosphorus Ezine-H kanye Nokunqwabelana Kwamashidi) | Ibanga Lomkhumbi | Ukufakwa kwensimbi engagqwali emanzini olwandle |
| I-ASTM A572 (I-Standard Spec yensimbi yesakhiwo ye-Columbium-Vanadium enamandla aphezulu) | GR.42, GR.50, GR.60, GR.65 | Ukufakwa kwesakhiwo okunamandla aphezulu okune-alloy ephansi |
| I-ASTM A588 (I-Standard Spec yensimbi yesakhiwo enamandla aphezulu ene-alloy ephansi enokumelana nokugqwala komoya) | GR.A, GR.B, GR.C | Ukufakwa kwensimbi eguquguqukayo, isisekelo sebhuloho |
| I-ASTM A913 (I-Standard Spec yezinhlobo zensimbi ezinamandla aphezulu zekhwalithi yesakhiwo) | GR.50, GR.60, GR.65, GR.70 | Ukufakwa kwensimbi enamandla aphezulu okunokushiselwa okuthuthukisiwe |
| I-ASTM A857 (Imininingwane Ejwayelekile Yokunqwabelanisa Amashidi Ensimbi, Okwenziwe Ngobandayo, Igeji Elula) | — | Ukufakwa kweshidi lokukhanya okubandayo |
| EN / DIN / BS / NF Piling Standards | ||
| I-EN 10248 (Ukufakwa kweshidi lensimbi eligoqekile elishisayo - Izimo zokulethwa kobuchwepheshe kwezinsimbi ezingezona eze-alloy) | I-S235GP, S275GP, S355GP | Ukufakwa kweshidi lensimbi eligoqwe ngokushisa kanye nokufakwa kwepayipi |
| I-EN 10219 (Izingxenye zensimbi ezimboziwe ezihlanganisiwe ezakhiwe ngokubandayo ngenhloso yokwakha) | I-S235JRH, S275JRH, S355JRH, S355J2H | Izingxenye ezingenalutho ezakhiwe nge-welded ezakhiwe ngokubandayo zokufaka inqwaba |
| I-EN 10025 (Imikhiqizo egoqekile eshisayo yezinsimbi zesakhiwo - Izinsimbi zesakhiwo ezingezona i-alloy) | I-S235JR, S275JR, S355JR, S355J2, S420ML, S460ML | Insimbi yesakhiwo esongiwe eshisayo yokufakwa kwenqwaba kanye nokusetshenziswa olwandle |
| I-EN 10225 (Izinsimbi zesakhiwo ezishibilikayo zezakhiwo eziqinile zasogwini) | I-S355G8+M, S355G10+M, S420G1+QT, S460G1+QT | Insimbi yesakhiwo sasolwandle kanye nesasolwandle yokuhlanganisa |
| I-EN 10348 (Insimbi yokufaka amashidi - Ukufaka amashidi ensimbi angaguquki ashisayo) | I-S240GP, S270GP, S320GP, S355GP | Izindonga zokugcina izindonga zimbozwe ngensimbi egoqekile eshisayo |
| I-DIN 2458 (Amapayipi Nezinto Zokufaka Zensimbi Ezihlanganisiwe - Izimo Zokulethwa Kobuchwepheshe Ezijwayelekile - zithathelwe indawo yi-EN 10219) | St37.0, St44.0, St52.0 | Amashubhu ensimbi ahlanganisiwe ajwayelekile aseJalimane okuhlanganisa |
| I-DIN 17100 (Insimbi Yezinhloso Ezijwayelekile Zesakhiwo - ithathelwe indawo yi-EN 10025) | St37-2, St44-2, St52-3 | Insimbi yokwakheka ejwayelekile yaseJalimane yokufaka inqwaba |
| I-BS 1387 (Imininingwane yamapayipi nama-Tubular ensimbi anezikulufo nama-Socket - athathelwe indawo yi-EN 10255) | Isigaba A, Isigaba B, Isigaba C | Amashubhu ensimbi ajwayelekile aseBrithani okuhlanganisa nokufaka i-scaffolding |
| I-BS 4360 (Imininingwane Yezinsimbi Zesakhiwo Ezishibilikayo - ithathelwe indawo yi-EN 10025) | Ibanga 43A, 43B, 50B | Insimbi yesakhiwo ejwayelekile yaseBrithani yokufaka inqwaba (yomlando) |
| I-NF A49-311 (Ama-Tubes en acier soudés pour le pillage - izinga lokuphindwa kwe-French) | E24, E36 | Amashubhu ensimbi ahlanganisiwe ajwayelekile aseFrance okufaka inqwaba |
| Amazinga Okuhlanganisa i-API / JIS / KS / AS / CSA | ||
| I-API 5L (Imininingwane yepayipi yomugqa) | GR.B, X42, X52, X65, X70 | Ipayipi lomugqa elisetshenziswa njengokufaka inqwaba (elivame kakhulu ogwini lolwandle) |
| I-API 2B (Imininingwane Yokwenziwa Kwepayipi Lensimbi Yesakhiwo Yezicelo Zase-Offshore) | GR.42, GR.50, GR.60 | Ukufakwa kwamapayipi ensimbi okwakhiwayo olwandle |
| I-JIS A5525 (Amapayipi Ensimbi) | SKK490, SKK540 | Izinqwaba zamapayipi ensimbi zezakhiwo zechweba kanye nezasolwandle |
| I-JIS A5528 (Ama-Steel Tubular Sheet Piles) | SY295, SY390 | Ukufakwa kweshidi lensimbi eliyishubhu lokwakhiwa kwetheku |
| I-JIS A5526 (Amaqoqo Eshidi Lensimbi) | SYW295, SYW390 | Ukufakwa kweshidi lensimbi eligoqwe ngokushisa |
| I-JIS G3444 (Amashubhu Ensimbi Yekhabhoni Ngezinhloso Ezijwayelekile Zokwakheka) | STK290, STK400, STK490, STK540 | Amashubhu ensimbi yekhabhoni okufaka inqwaba yesakhiwo |
| I-JIS G3136 (Izinsimbi Ezigoqiwe Zesakhiwo Sesakhiwo) | SN400, SN490 | Insimbi yokwakha isisekelo |
| I-KS D 3566 (Amashubhu Ensimbi Yekhabhoni Ngezinhloso Ezijwayelekile Zesakhiwo - Izinga laseKorea) | STK290, STK400, STK490, STK540 | Amashubhu ajwayelekile okwakheka aseKorea okufaka inqwaba |
| I-KS D 3862 (Amapayipi Ensimbi - Izinga elijwayelekile laseKorea) | SKK400, SKK490, SKK540 | Izinqwaba zamapayipi ensimbi ajwayelekile aseKorea ezakhiwo zechweba |
| AS 1163 (Izingxenye Ezingenalutho Zensimbi Yesakhiwo - Izinga lase-Australia) | C250, C350, C450 | Izingxenye ezijwayelekile zesakhiwo zase-Australia ezingenalutho zokufaka inqwaba |
| AS 1074 (Amapayipi Ensimbi Nama-Tubular Esevisi Ejwayelekile - indinganiso yase-Australia) | — | Amashubhu ensimbi ajwayelekile ase-Australia okufaka inqwaba ejwayelekile |
| I-CSA G40.21 (Insimbi Yekhwalithi Yesakhiwo - Izinga laseCanada) | 44W, 50W, 50A | Insimbi yesakhiwo ejwayelekile yaseCanada yokufaka inqwaba |
| I-NORSOK / DNV / ISO Piling Standards | ||
| I-NORSOK Y15 (Izakhiwo Zensimbi Yasogwini - Izidingo Zezinto Ezibalulekile) | S355, S420, S460 | Izinga laseNorway lezakhiwo zensimbi zasogwini |
| I-NORSOK M-650 (Izimfanelo Zabakhiqizi Bezinto Ezikhethekile Zokusetshenziswa Kwasogwini) | Wonke amamaki | Izimfanelo zokuhlinzekwa kwezinto ezisetshenziswa kwamanye amazwe |
| I-DNV-OS-B101 (Izinto Zensimbi Zezakhiwo Zasogwini) | S355, S420, S460 | Izinga le-DNV lokufaka insimbi yasogwini |
| I-DNV-OS-C201 (Umklamo Wesakhiwo Samayunithi Angaphandle Kwaselwandle - Izidingo Zezinto Ezibalulekile) | S355, S420, S460 | Izinga le-DNV lokufaka inqwaba yezakhiwo zasogwini lolwandle |
| I-ISO 630 (Izinsimbi Zesakhiwo - Amapuleti, amafulethi abanzi, imigoqo, izingxenye) | I-Fe360, i-Fe430, i-Fe510 | Izinga lomhlaba wonke lokufakwa kwensimbi yesakhiwo |
| I-ISO 3183 (Imboni ye-Petroleum negesi yemvelo - Ipayipi lensimbi lezinhlelo zokuthutha amapayipi) | L245, L290, L360, L415, L450, L485 | I-ISO elingana ne-API 5L yokufaka ipayipi yomugqa |
| Ezinye Izindinganiso Zomhlaba Wonke Zokugoba | ||
| I-GOST 10706 (Amapayipi Ensimbi Ahlanganisiwe Amapayipi Nezakhiwo - indinganiso yaseRussia) | USt20, USt35, USt45 | Amapayipi ensimbi ahlanganisiwe ajwayelekile aseRussia okuhlanganisa |
| I-GOST 20295 (Amapayipi Ensimbi Ahlanganisiwe Epayipini Eliyinhloko Legesi Namafutha - indinganiso yaseRussia) | K38, K52, K60 | Ipayipi lomugqa ojwayelekile waseRussia elisetshenziswa njengokufaka inqwaba |
| I-NBR 8261 (Izinqwaba Zensimbi Zokwakha Umphakathi - Izinga elijwayelekile laseBrazil) | — | Amapayipi okufaka insimbi ejwayelekile yaseBrazil |
| I-IRAM 688 (Amapayipi Ensimbi Ngezinhloso Zokwakha - Izinga lase-Argentina) | F24, F36 | Amapayipi ajwayelekile esakhiwo ase-Argentina okufaka inqwaba |
| I-SANS 657 (Amapayipi Ensimbi Ngezinhloso Zesakhiwo - Izinga laseNingizimu Afrika) | — | Amapayipi ajwayelekile aseNingizimu Afrika okwakha amapayipi |
Ukusetshenziswa:Ukufakwa kwesisekelo esijulile, ukufakwa kwezindonga zasolwandle, isisekelo sepulatifomu yolwandle, ukwakhiwa kwechweba kanye nedokodo, isisekelo sebhuloho, ukuvikelwa kogu, i-blockwater, uhlelo lwe-fender, inqwaba yejakethi, ukwakhiwa kwechweba kanye nechweba, ukulungiswa komhlaba, ukuqeqeshwa komfula, ubunjiniyela bemihubhe, ukwakhiwa kwechweba lamanzi ajulile, isisekelo sokulungiswa kokuzamazama komhlaba, izindonga zokugcina, ama-cofferdams, izisekelo ze-caisson, izisekelo ze-wind turbine yolwandle, izisekelo zemihubhe yamapayipi angaphansi kwamanzi, izindonga zokufaka amashidi
6. Inqubo Yokukhiqiza - Inqwaba Yepayipi Lensimbi ye-ERW & LSAW
Inqubo ye-ERW (yokushisela ugesi) yepayipi lokufaka inqwaba (219mm – 660mm OD):
Ukuhlolwa Kwezinto Ezingavuthiwe (Ikhoyili):Amakhoyili ensimbi angena ashiswayo aqinisekisiwe ngokwakheka kwamakhemikhali, izakhiwo zemishini, kanye nekhwalithi yobuso ngokumelene ne-ASTM A252, EN 10248, noma imininingwane yamakhasimende. Ikhoyili ngayinye inikezwa inombolo yokushisa ehlukile ukuqinisekisa ukulandeleka okugcwele kwezinto kuyo yonke inkathi yokukhiqiza.
Ukuvula Nokulinganisa:Amakhoyili ensimbi afakwa ku-uncoiler bese efakwa ngomshini wokulinganisa ngokunembile ukuze kuthambe umcu, kususwe isethi yekhoyili futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi i-flat iyafana ukuze kwakhiwe ngendlela efanayo.
Ukusikwa Nokunqunywa Kwemiphetho:Zombili izinqe ezinde zomucu wensimbi ziyagaywa futhi zilungiswe ukuze zikwazi ukubekezelela ububanzi obuqondile (± 0.5mm). Ukulungiswa komphetho kudala indawo ehlanzekile, ehambisanayo ebalulekile ekwakhekeni kwe-weld esezingeni eliphezulu.
Ukwakheka (Ukwakheka Okubandayo):Umcu olinganisiwe udlula ochungechungeni oluqhubekayo lwemiqulu yokwakha (ukuqhekeka, ukudlula ohlangothini, kanye nezingxenye zokudlula kwamaphiko) ezakha kancane kancane umcu oyisicaba ube yisimo esivulekile se-cylindrical (igobolondo leshubhu) kanye nemiphetho elungiselelwe ukushiselwa.
Ukushisela Okuvame Kakhulu (HFW / ERW):Ishubhu elakhiwe lidlula kumakhoyili okungenisa asebenza ngesivinini esiphezulu noma ezicathulweni zokuthintana. Ugesi osebenza ngesivinini esiphezulu (ngokuvamile u-200-500 kHz) ufudumeza imiphetho yokuhlangana ibe yizinga lokushisa lokubumba (cishe u-1,350-1,500°C). Ukushisela kwe-Solid-state kwenzeka njengoba imiphetho efudumele icindezelwa ndawonye ngama-squeeze rolls, okudala ukushisela okwenziwe ngaphandle kwezinto ezengeziwe zokugcwalisa.
Ukususwa Kobuhlalu Bokushisela (Ngaphakathi Nangaphandle):I-flash yangaphakathi neyangaphandle (insimbi yokushisela ngokweqile) isuswa ngamathuluzi e-carbide (ama-scarfing blades) ngenkathi indawo yokushisela isashisa, okukhiqiza iphrofayili yendawo ebushelelezi enokuqinisa okuncane kokushisela.
Usayizi Nokwakheka:Ishubhu elihlanganisiwe lidlula ochungechungeni lwemiqulu yosayizi ukuze kufezwe ukubekezelelana kokugcina kobubanzi bangaphandle okunembile (ngokuvamile kusuka ku-±0.5% kuya ku-±1.0% kuye ngokujwayelekile).
Ukwelashwa Kokushisa (Ongakukhetha):Ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukuguquguquka okuthuthukisiwe noma ukukhululeka ekucindezelekeni, indawo yokushisela (noma ithubhu lonke) ingase iphathwe ngokushisa okungaphakathi noma okungaphandle komugqa. Ukulungisa ku-890-930°C kukhiqiza isakhiwo esincane se-ferrite-pearlite esifanayo.
Ukusika Kuze Kube Bude:Ipayipi eliqhubekayo lisikwa libe nobude obucacisiwe kusetshenziswa amasoso anqamulelayo (ukusika okubandayo) ngokulawula ubude obunembile (±3mm ngobude obujwayelekile, +50mm -0mm ngezincazelo zokufaka inqwaba).
Ukuhlolwa Okungonakalisi (NDT):
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasonic okungu-100% (UT):Uhlelo lwe-UT oluzenzakalelayo luhlola wonke umthungo wokushisela kanye nomzimba wepayipi eligcwele ukuze kutholakale ukuthi kukhona yini ama-lamination, izinto ezifakiwe, kanye nokuntuleka kokuhlanganiswa.
Ukuhlolwa Kwamanje kwe-Eddy (ET):Ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo kwekhwalithi yokushisela ku-inthanethi ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Hydrostatic (Ongakukhetha):Kutholakala uma kucelwa ikhasimende ngezicelo ezibalulekile zokufaka amaqoqo ezidinga ukuqinisekiswa kobuqotho bengcindezi.
Ukuqeda Ukuqeda:Iziphetho ezingenalutho (ezisikwele) noma iziphetho ezigobile (i-angle ye-bevel engu-30°-35°) ngokwezidingo zekhasimende. Izindandatho zensimbi zomhlatshelo zingashintshwa zibe yizicucu zamapayipi ukuze kuvikelwe okwengeziwe ngesikhathi sokushayela inqwaba.
Ukuhlolwa Kokugcina Nokumaka:Ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo kokukhubazeka kobuso, ukuqinisekiswa kobukhulu (OD, WT, ubude, ukuqondile), kanye nokumaka okuhlala njalo ngokwezinga elifanele (kufaka phakathi ibanga, usayizi, inombolo yokushisa, ukuhlonza umenzi).
Inqubo ye-LSAW (Longitudinal Submerged Arc Welding) yePipe Yokufaka Amapayipi (508mm – 3,000mm OD):
Ukuhlolwa Kwezinto Ezingavuthiwe (Ipuleti):Amapuleti ensimbi angenayo aqinisekiswa ngokwakheka kwamakhemikhali, izakhiwo zemishini, ikhwalithi yobuso, kanye nokunemba kobukhulu ngokumelene ne-ASTM A252, EN 10248, noma imininingwane yamakhasimende. Ipuleti ngalinye linikezwa inombolo yokushisa ehlukile ukuze kulandeleke ngokugcwele.
Ukulungiselela Umphetho Wepuleti (Ukubeka Umngcele):Imiphetho emide yepuleti lensimbi iyagoba (ngokuvamile i-V eyodwa noma i-V ephindwe kabili) kusetshenziswa imishini yokugaya enqenqemeni ukudala i-geometry efanele yokushisela i-arc engaphansi kwamanzi.
Ukugoba Ipuleti (Ukwakha):Ipuleti elilungisiwe lenziwa libe yisimo esivulekile esiyindilinga kusetshenziswa umshini wokugoba ipuleti (inqubo yokugoba i-JCO, i-UO, noma inqubo yokugoba i-3-roll / i-4-roll kuye ngezidingo zobubanzi kanye nobukhulu).
Ukushisela i-Tack:Umthungo ovulekile uhlanganiswe nge-tack ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze kulondolozwe ukuma kwesilinda ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisela eyinhloko.
Ukushisela Kwe-Arc Okucwiliswe Ngaphakathi (i-SAW):Umthungo wangaphakathi we-longitudinal ushintshwa kusetshenziswa imishini yokushisela ye-arc engaphansi kwamanzi ezenzakalelayo enenhlanganisela efanele ye-flux kanye nentambo (ngokuvamile iphasi elilodwa noma ngaphezulu kuye ngokuthi udonga lubanzi kangakanani).
Ukushisela kwe-Arc Okucwiliswe Ngaphandle (i-SAW):Umthungo wangaphandle we-longitudinal ushintshwa kusetshenziswa imishini yokushisela ye-arc engaphansi kwamanzi ezenzakalelayo, okuqeda ukushisela okuphelele kokungena.
Ukwandisa (Ongakukhetha):Ipayipi elihlanganisiwe lingandiswa ngomshini (ngokuvamile ukwanda okungu-0.3-1.5%) ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukunemba kobukhulu (ukuzungeza kanye nokuqondile) futhi kuncishiswe ukucindezeleka kokushisela okusele.
Ukuhlolwa Okungonakalisi (NDT):
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasonic okungu-100% (UT):Uhlelo lwe-UT oluzenzakalelayo luhlola wonke umthungo wokushisela (wangaphakathi nowangaphandle) kanye nomzimba wepayipi eligcwele ukuze kutholakale ukuthi kukhona yini ama-lamination, izinto ezifakiwe, ukuntuleka kokuhlanganiswa, kanye nokunye ukungaqhubeki.
Ukuhlolwa Kwe-X-ray (RT):Ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray noma i-gamma-ray yomthungo wokushisela (indawo noma ubude obugcwele njengoba kuchaziwe) ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokushisela kanye nokungena.
Ukuhlolwa Kwezinhlayiya ZikaMagnetic (MPI):Ukuhlolwa kwezinzwane ezishisiwe kanye nendawo ethintekile ekushiseni ukuze kubhekwe imifantu kanye nokungaqhubeki kobuso.
Ukuqeda Ukuqeda:Iziphetho ezingenalutho (ezisikwele) noma iziphetho ezigobile (i-angle ye-bevel engu-30°-35° ene-landing engu-1.6mm ± 0.8mm) ngokwezidingo zekhasimende. Izindandatho zensimbi ezihlatshelwe umhlatshelo zingashintshwa zibe yiziphetho zamapayipi ukuze kuvikelwe ukushayela kwenqwaba.
Ukuhlolwa Kokugcina Nokumaka:Ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo kokukhubazeka kobuso, ukuqinisekiswa kobukhulu (OD, WT, ubude, ukunemba, ukujikeleza), kanye nokumaka okuhlala njalo ngokwezinga elifanele.
7. Izinqubo Zokulawula Ikhwalithi Nokuhlola Ipayipi Lokufaka Inqwaba
| Isiteji | Indlela Yokuhlola | Inhloso |
| Impahla eluhlaza | Ukuhlaziywa Kwamakhemikhali (i-OES Spectrometer) | Qinisekisa ukuhambisana nemikhawulo yokwakheka kwe-ASTM A252 / EN 10248 |
| Impahla eluhlaza | Ukuhlolwa Kokunamathela | Qinisekisa amandla okukhiqiza, amandla okudonsa, ukunwebeka |
| Impahla eluhlaza | Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasonic (Ipuleti/Ikhoyili) | Thola ama-lamination angaphakathi kanye namaphutha |
| Inqubo Eqhubekayo (i-ERW) | Ukuhlolwa Kobukhulu (Ama-Micrometer, Ama-Caliper) | I-Monitor OD, WT ngesikhathi sokwakha nokulinganisa |
| Inqubo Eqhubekayo (i-LSAW) | Ukuhlolwa Kokulungiselela Umphetho | Qinisekisa i-bevel angle, indawo yokufika, kanye nesimo sobuso |
| Indawo Yokushisela (i-ERW) | Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasonic (UT) - Ku-inthanethi | Thola ukungaqhubeki kokushisela, ukuntuleka kokuhlanganiswa |
| Indawo Yokushisela (i-LSAW) | Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasonic (UT) - Okuzenzakalelayo | Ukuhlolwa komthungo ogcwele we-weld ukuze kutholakale amaphutha angaphakathi/angaphandle |
| Indawo Yokushisela (i-LSAW) | Ukuhlolwa Kwe-Radiographic (RT) | Qinisekisa ukungena kwe-weld, i-porosity, ukufakwa kwe-slag |
| Indawo Yokushisela | Ukuhlolwa Kwezinhlayiya ZikaMagnetic (MPI) | Ukutholwa kokuqhekeka komphezulu (ukushintshwa kanye ne-HAZ) |
| Ipayipi Eliqediwe | Ukuhlolwa Kobukhulu | Qinisekisa i-OD, i-WT, ubude, ukuqondile, ukuzungeza |
| Ipayipi Eliqediwe | Ukuhlolwa kwe-Hydrostatic (Ongakukhetha) | Qinisekisa ubuqotho bengcindezi yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile |
| Ipayipi Eliqediwe | Ukuhlolwa Kokugoba Okuqondiswayo | Qinisekisa ukuqina nokuzwakala kwe-weld |
| Ipayipi Eliqediwe | Ukuhlolwa Kokugoba (i-ERW kuphela) | Qinisekisa ukuqina kanye nomsindo womzimba wepayipi |
| Ipayipi Eliqediwe | Ukuhlolwa Komthelela we-Charpy V-Notch (Ongakukhetha) | Qinisekisa ukuqina kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi lokusetshenziswa olwandle |
| Ipayipi Eliqediwe | Ukuhlolwa Kokuqina (Ongakukhetha) | Qinisekisa ubulukhuni obukhulu bokushisela |
| Ipayipi Eliqediwe | Ukuhlolwa Okubonakalayo Nokuphezulu | Hlola amaphutha ebusweni, ama-lamination, imifantu |
| Ipayipi Eliqediwe | Ukuqinisekiswa Kokumaka | Qinisekisa ukuthi uphawu oluhlala njalo ngokwezinga elijwayelekile |
Ukuhlolwa Ongakukhetha Kwezicelo Ezibalulekile Zasolwandle Nasogwini:
● Ukuhlolwa kwe-CTOD (Ukususwa Kwe-Crack Tip Opening Displacement) kokuqina kokuqhekeka
● Ukuhlolwa kwe-HIC (Hydrogen Induced Cracking) ngokwe-NACE TM0284
● Ukuhlolwa kwe-SSC (Sulfide Stress Cracking) ngokwe-NACE TM0177
● Ukuhlolwa Kokuqina (HV10 noma HRC) ukuze kutholakale izimfanelo zesevisi emuncu
Imibhalo Esezingeni:
● Isitifiketi Sokuhlolwa Komshini ngokwe-EN 10204 Uhlobo 2.2, 3.1, noma 3.2
● Umbiko Wokuhlolwa Kwe-Ultrasonic (ukushintshwa kanye nomzimba)
● Umbiko Wokuhlolwa Kwe-Radiographic (uma kuchaziwe)
● Umbiko Wokuhlola Obukhulu
● Ukulandelela kusuka enombolweni yokushisa kuya epayipini eliqediwe
8. Izicelo Eziyinhloko - Ipayipi Lokufaka Insimbi Yasolwandle
Amapayipi okufaka insimbi yasolwandle i-ASTM A252 GR.3 kanye ne-EN 10248 S355GP ayizingxenye ezibalulekile ezisekelweni ezijulile, ukwakhiwa kolwandle, kanye namaphrojekthi obunjiniyela bezokwakha anzima:
Ukufakwa Kwesisekelo Esijulile:Izinqwaba ezithwala umthwalo zezakhiwo eziphakeme, amabhuloho, izikhungo zezimboni, kanye nezakhiwo ezisindayo ezidinga ukwesekwa okujulile kwesisekelo. Amandla aphezulu e-GR.3 kanye ne-S355GP avumela ukujula okujulile kokushayela kanye nomthamo womthwalo ophezulu.
Isisekelo Seplatifomu Yasolwandle kanye Neyasogwini:Izinqwaba zesisekelo zamapulatifomu kawoyela negesi asogwini lolwandle, imishini yokubhoboza, amapulatifomu okukhiqiza, kanye nezisekelo ze-turbine yomoya olwandle. Ukufakwa kwezinqwaba zasolwandle kumele kumelane nesenzo samagagasi, amandla amanje, kanye nendawo egqwalisayo yamanzi olwandle.
Ukwakhiwa Kwechweba, Idoko kanye Nechweba:Ukufakwa kwezindawo zokugcina izitsha, izindawo zokuthutha imithwalo emikhulu, izindawo zokugcina abagibeli, izindawo ze-Ro-Ro, kanye nezindawo zokupaka imithwalo ezijwayelekile. Izinqwaba zinikeza ukwesekwa kwesakhiwo sezakhiwo zamadekhi, amahlengethwa okubophela, kanye namahlengethwa okuncelisa.
Isisekelo seBridge kanye nePier:Izinqwaba zesisekelo ezijulile zezinsika zamabhuloho, izisekelo zokuvikela, kanye nezisekelo zemibhoshongo zamabhuloho amiswe ngekhebula kanye namabhuloho alengayo. Izinqwaba zidlulisela imithwalo yesakhiwo ezinhlotsheni ezifanele zokuthwala.
Ukuvikelwa Kwasogwini Nodonga Lwasolwandle:Ukufakwa kwezakhiwo zodonga lolwandle, izindonga zogu, ukuvikelwa kogu, kanye nokulawulwa kokuguguleka komhlabathi. Izinqwaba zamapayipi ensimbi zinikeza ukwesekwa okuqinile kwesakhiwo samayunithi ezikhali kanye nezakhiwo zezivalo zekhonkrithi.
Ukwakhiwa kwe-Breakwater kanye ne-Jetty:Ukufaka inqwaba yezisekelo zamanzi avimbayo ezindundumeni zamatshe, izisekelo zamanzi odonga eziqondile, ama-jetties, kanye nama-groynes. Izisekelo zihlinzeka ngokuqina kwesisekelo sezakhiwo eziqeda amagagasi.
Ukusekelwa Kwesistimu Yesifende:Izinqwaba zokusekela izinhlelo ze-marine fender ebusweni be-dock kanye nezakhiwo ze-berthing. Izinqwaba zimunca amandla e-berthing futhi zivikele umkhumbi kanye nesakhiwo ngesikhathi sokubophela.
Inqwaba Yejakhethi Yeplatifomu Kawoyela Negesi:Ukufaka inqwaba yezakhiwo zejakethi ezisekela amapulatifomu okukhiqiza uwoyela negesi. Izinqwaba ezinkulu, ezinobubanzi obukhulu, zidonswa emilenzeni yejakethi bese zifakwa endaweni yazo.
Ukubuyiselwa Komhlaba Nokubuyiselwa Kodonga Lolwandle:Ukufakwa kwenqwaba yezakhiwo zokulawula indawo yokuvuselela, izindonga zolwandle ezizungezile, kanye nezindonga zokuvuselela. Izinqwaba zinikeza ubuqotho besakhiwo samaphrojekthi okwandisa umhlaba.
Ukuqeqeshwa Komfula Nokulawulwa Kwezikhukhula:Ukufaka inqwaba yokuvikela osebeni lomfula, ukuqondisa usebe, izimbobo, kanye nezakhiwo zokulawula izikhukhula. Izinqwaba zamapayipi ensimbi ziqinisa usebe lomfula futhi zivikele ekukhucululweni nasekugugulekeni komhlaba.
Ubunjiniyela Bemihubhe Nokusika Nokumboza:Ukufaka inqwaba yezisekelo zemihubhe esikiwe nesimboziwe, izindonga zezinqwaba eziyimfihlo, kanye nezakhiwo zokusekela isango lemihubhe. Izinqwaba zinikeza ukwesekwa okuqondile nokwehlangothini kwezakhiwo ezingaphansi komhlaba.
Isisekelo Sokuvuselela Ukuzamazama Komhlaba:Ukufakwa kwenqwaba yokulungiswa kokuzamazama komhlaba kwezakhiwo ezikhona, okuhlanganisa izisekelo zamabhuloho, izisekelo zokwakha, kanye nezakhiwo zechweba ezidinga ukumelana nokuzamazama komhlaba okuthuthukisiwe.
9. Ukupakisha Nokuthumela - Ipayipi Lokufaka Insimbi Yasolwandle
Amapayipi okufaka insimbi yasolwandle i-ASTM A252 GR.3 kanye ne-EN 10248 S355GP ayapakishwa futhi athunyelwe ngokucophelela okukhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuvikeleka kwawo ngesikhathi sokuthutha. Nansi incazelo yenqubo yokupakisha nokuthumela amapayipi okufaka inqwaba anobubanzi obukhulu:
Ukupakisha:
Isivikelo Esivikelayo:Ngaphambi kokupakisha, amapayipi angambozwa ngesendlalelo esincane samafutha alwa nokugqwala noma i-varnish evikelayo ukuvimbela ukugqwala komhlaba kanye nokubola ngesikhathi sokugcina nokuthutha. Ukuphela okungenalutho nakho kuyatholakala ukuze kufakwe ukugqokwa ngokushesha lapho uya khona noma ezindaweni zasolwandle lapho kuchazwe khona imvume yokugqwala.
Ukuhlanganisa (Ububanzi obuncane):Kumapayipi amancane anobubanzi (ngokuvamile angaphansi kuka-610mm / 24"), amapayipi ahlanganiswa ndawonye ngamaqoqo ayisithupha noma angunxande. Aqiniswa kusetshenziswa amabhande ensimbi (ngokuvamile amabhande angu-3-5 ngeqoqo ngalinye elinama-corner guard avikelayo) ukuvimbela ukunyakaza ngaphakathi kweqoqo.
Ukufakwa Ngakunye (Ububanzi Obukhulu):Kumapayipi amakhulu anobubanzi (ngaphezu kuka-610mm / 24"), amapayipi avame ukuphathwa futhi athunyelwe ngamanye ngenxa yesisindo kanye nemingcele yobukhulu. Indwangu yokhuni noma irabha ebekwe phakathi kwezingqimba zamapayipi ivimbela ukuguguleka kanye nomonakalo wokumboza.
Ama-Caps Okugcina:Izivalo zokugcina zepulasitiki noma zensimbi zifakwa kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zepayipi ngalinye (noma ukugoqa kwepulasitiki kwezinhlangothi ezigobile) ukuvikela izinhlangothi ezigobile, izinhlangothi ezingenalutho, kanye nokuxhumeka okunezintambo ekulimaleni kokushayisana, ukungena kwemfucuza kanye nomswakama.
Izindandatho Zensimbi Zomhlatshelo (Ongakukhetha):Ukuze kufakwe amapayipi adinga ukuvikelwa okuthuthukisiwe ekugcineni ngesikhathi sokushayela inqwaba, izindandatho zensimbi ezingafuneki (ngokuvamile ububanzi obungu-50-100mm, ubukhulu obungu-6-12mm) zixhunyelelwa ekugcineni kokushayela kwepayipi ngalinye. Lezi zindandatho zimunca ukushayisana kwesando sokushayela futhi zivikele ukuphela kwepayipi ekuguqukeni.
Ukupheda kanye Nokugudla:Kuma-oda okuthumela ngaphandle asezingeni eliphezulu, izinto zokunamathisela ezifana nezindandatho ze-foam, imichilo yerabha, noma i-dunnage yokhuni kusetshenziswa phakathi kwezingqimba zamapayipi ukuvimbela ukuguguleka, umonakalo wokumboza, kanye nomonakalo womthelela ngesikhathi sokuphathwa nokuthuthwa.
Amaphuzu Okuphakamisa:Ama-lug okuphakamisa noma izindawo zokuphakamisa ezikhethiwe zingafakwa emapayipini asindayo (ngaphezu kuka-2,000 kg ngepayipi ngalinye) ukuze kube lula ukuthulula impahla ngokuphephile endaweni oya kuyo kusetshenziswa i-crane noma i-forklift.
Ukuthunyelwa:
Indlela Yokuhamba:Amapayipi athunyelwa ngemikhumbi yezitsha (izitsha ezingama-20ft noma ezingama-40ft zobubanzi obuncane), izithwali ezinkulu (ukusika inqwaba yobubanzi obukhulu kanye nobuningi obukhulu), noma imithwalo yesitimela, kuye ngokuthi uya kuphi, ivolumu ye-oda, kanye nokuphuthuma kokulethwa. Imikhumbi yemithwalo yephrojekthi ingasetshenziswa kumapayipi amakhulu kakhulu noma amade kakhulu.
Ukufakwa Kweziqukathi (Ububanzi Obuncane):Kumapayipi amancane anobubanzi (ngokuvamile angaphansi kuka-508mm / 20"), amapayipi afakwa ezitsheni zokuthumela ezijwayelekile ezingamafidi angu-20 noma angu-40 ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kuthuthwa ngendlela ephephile nehlelekile. Ukulayisha izitsha kuvikela imithwalo ezimweni zezulu, umswakama, kanye nokungcola kwangaphandle. Umthwalo omkhulu wezitsha ngokuvamile ungamathani angu-20-25 ngesitsha esingafidi angu-20.
Ukulayisha Imikhumbi Emikhulu (Ububanzi Obukhulu kanye Nomthamo Omkhulu):Kuma-oda amakhulu (ngokuvamile angaphezu kwamathani angu-500) noma amapayipi amakhulu ububanzi (ngaphezu kuka-508mm / 20"), amapayipi alayishwa ngqo ezithwalini ezinkulu noma emikhunjini yegiya. Imishayo yokuphakamisa kanye nemigoqo yokusakaza ivimbela umonakalo ngesikhathi sokulayisha. Ukufaka imfucuza, ukugoqa, kanye nokubopha amaketanga kusetshenziswa ukuvimbela ukuthutha kwempahla ngesikhathi sokuhamba olwandle. Le ndlela ingabizi kakhulu kumaphrojekthi okufaka inqwaba yasolwandle.
Izitsha Ezisicaba Noma Ezivulekile Eziphezulu (Eziphakeme Kakhulu/Ezinde Kakhulu):Kumapayipi adlula ubukhulu obujwayelekile besitsha (ubude >12m noma ububanzi >2.3m), izitsha ze-rack ezisicaba noma izitsha eziphezulu ezivulekile zingasetshenziswa ukuze kuphulwe inani elikhulu. Lezi zitsha ezikhethekile zivumela ukuthuthwa okuphephile kwemithwalo emikhulu.
Ukulebula kanye Nemibhalo:Inqwaba ngayinye noma ipayipi ngalinye libhalwe ngokucacile ngolwazi olubalulekile oluhlanganisa ibanga lezinto, izinga elijwayelekile, ubukhulu, inombolo yokushisa, inombolo yenqwaba/ipayipi, kanye nemiyalelo yokuphatha. Amadokhumenti aphelele okuthumela alungiselelwe ukusulwa kwempahla kanye nokulandelwa kwemithwalo.
Ukuthobela Imithetho Yezintela:Ngokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, yonke imibhalo yentela edingekayo—kufaka phakathi i-invoyisi yezentengiselwano, uhlu lokupakisha, i-bill of lading, isitifiketi semvelaphi (uma sidingeka), izitifiketi zokuhlolwa kwemishini, kanye nanoma yiziphi izimvume zokungenisa ezidingekayo—ilungiselelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izimpahla zifika kalula echwebeni lokuya kulo.
Ukubopha Okuphephile:Ngaphakathi kwemoto yokuthutha noma isitsha, izinqwaba namapayipi ngamanye aboshwe futhi aqiniswe kahle kusetshenziswa izintambo zensimbi (ezinezivikelo zasekhoneni), izikhwama zomquba, izinsimbi zokhuni, noma izintambo zokubopha ukuvimbela ukugudluka, ukugingqika, noma ukunyakaza okungadala umonakalo ngesikhathi sokuthutha.
Ukulandelela Nokuqapha:Izinhlelo zokulandelela izinto ezithuthukisiwe zisetshenziswa ukuqapha isimo sokuthunyelwa nokunikeza izibuyekezo zendawo ngesikhathi sangempela kumakhasimende. Izinombolo zokulandelela izitsha zinikezwa kuzo zonke izimpahla ezithunyelwayo. Ukulandelela izitsha kuyatholakala ukuze kuthunyelwe ngobuningi.
Umshwalense:Kuye ngenani le-oda kanye nezidingo zamakhasimende, umshwalense wempahla yasolwandle (Yonke Ingozi noma Ngokumbozwa Okujwayelekile) ungahlelwa ukuze umboze ukulahlekelwa noma umonakalo ongaba khona ngesikhathi sokuthutha. Kumaphrojekthi okufaka inqwaba yasolwandle anenani eliphezulu, umshwalense owengeziwe wokufaka izinto kanye nokufakwa unganconywa.
Ukuhlela Ukuphakamisa Okusindayo:Kumapayipi asinda kakhulu (ngaphezu kuka-5,000 kg ngepayipi ngalinye), kunconywa ukuxhumanisa kusengaphambili nechweba lokuya lapho imishini yokuphatha izinto ezisindayo (ama-crane anomthamo owanele, imigoqo ekhethekile yokusakaza) ukuze kusetshenziswe. I-Womic Steel inikeza imininingwane eningiliziwe yempahla okuhlanganisa nesisindo samapayipi kanye nobukhulu bokuhlela iphrojekthi.
Ngamafuphi, i-Womic Steel iqinisekisa ukuthi wonke amapayipi okufaka insimbi yasolwandle i-ASTM A252 GR.3 kanye ne-EN 10248 S355GP apakishwa ngezinyathelo zokuvikela ezihamba phambili embonini futhi athunyelwa ngezindlela zokuthutha ezinokwethenjelwa ukuze afike lapho eya khona esesimweni esihle kakhulu. Izinqubo ezifanele zokupakisha nokuthumela zibalulekile ekulondolozeni ubuqotho kanye nekhwalithi yemikhiqizo ethunyelwe, ikakhulukazi kumaphrojekthi abalulekile esisekelo sasolwandle.
10. Izinzuzo ze-Womic Steel kanye ne-FAQ - Ipayipi Lokufaka Izinsimbi Zasolwandle
Kungani Ubambisana Nensimbi Yomthambo We-Marine Piling?
Ububanzi Obuphelele Bezinqubo Nobukhulu:Zombili izinqubo ze-ERW (219mm-660mm OD) kanye ne-LSAW/SSAW (508mm-3,000mm OD) ziyatholakala ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa, okususa isidingo sabaphakeli abaningi. Ubukhulu bodonga bufika ku-50.8mm kanye nobude obufika ku-60m buyatholakala kumaphrojekthi esisekelo esijulile.
Amandla Ajwayelekile Akabili:Ukuthobela ngokugcwele amazinga e-ASTM A252 (GR.1, GR.2, GR.3) kanye ne-EN 10248 (S235GP, S275GP, S355GP), kanye namazinga engeziwe (API 5L, EN 10219, JIS A5525, njll.). Umhlinzeki oyedwa wezimfuneko eziningi zemakethe.
Ukugxila Kwezasolwandle Nasogwini:Ulwazi olukhethekile ekusetshenzisweni kokufakwa kwamapayipi olwandle nasogwini lolwandle okuhlanganisa ukwakhiwa kwamachweba, amapulatifomu olwandle, izisekelo zamabhuloho, kanye namaphrojekthi okuvikela ogwini lolwandle. Ukuqonda izidingo zokuvikela ukugqwala kolwandle kanye nokucindezeleka kokushayela.
Izindandatho Zensimbi Zomhlatshelo:Ukushisela ngaphakathi kwezindandatho zensimbi ezihlatshwayo kuya eziphethweni zokushayela amapayipi ukuze kuvikelwe kangcono ngesikhathi sokusebenza kokushayela inqwaba, kuncishiswe ukuguquguquka kwengxenye yamapayipi kanye nokubambezeleka kokufakwa.
Izinsizakalo Ezenezelwe Inani:Ukusika iziphetho (30°-35°), ukusika iziphetho okusobala, ukugqoka okuvikelayo (FBE, 3LPE, Coal Tar Epoxy, Galvanizing), kanye nokugoqa okulwa nokugqwala kuyatholakala ngaphakathi noma ngezikhungo zomlingani ofanelekayo.
Amandla Obude Obude:Kufika ku-60m ubude obubodwa kumaphrojekthi esisekelo esijulile, okunciphisa izidingo zokuhlanganisa insimu kanye nesikhathi sokufaka. Ubude obungokwezifiso buyatholakala ngaphandle kwezindleko ezengeziwe kumabanga ajwayelekile.
Ukuncintisana Kwezokuthutha:Ubambiswano oluhlelekile nabathengisi bezimpahla emhlabeni wonke kanye nochwepheshe bezimpahla zephrojekthi luqinisekisa ukulayisha okungcono (isitsha, inqwaba ephukile, noma umkhumbi wephrojekthi) kanye nokuthunyelwa okungabizi kakhulu emhlabeni wonke kwamapayipi okufaka imithwalo asindayo namakhulu.
Imibhalo Ephelele:Izitifiketi Zokuhlolwa Okugcwele Kwemishini (EN 10204 Uhlobo 2.2, 3.1, noma 3.2), imibiko ye-NDT (UT, RT), imibiko yobukhulu, kanye nemibhalo yokulandelela inikezwe kukho konke ukuthunyelwa. Ukuhlolwa komuntu wesithathu (SGS, BV, TÜV, LR, DNV) kwenziwa lula uma kuceliwe.
Khetha i-Womic Steel Group njengomlingani wakho othembekile wamapayipi okufaka insimbi yasolwandle esezingeni eliphezulu i-ASTM A252 GR.3 kanye ne-EN 10248 S355GP kanye nokusebenza kokulethwa okungenakuqhathaniswa kwamaphrojekthi asemanzini, asogwini lolwandle, kanye nesisekelo esijulile emhlabeni jikelele. Siyakwamukela ukubuza!
Iwebhusayithi: www.womicsteel.com
I-imeyili: sales@womicsteel.com
Ucingo/I-WhatsApp/I-WeChat:
UVictor: +86-15575100681
UJack: +86-18390957568
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa (Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa) - Ipayipi Lokufaka Insimbi Yasolwandle
U: Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-ASTM A252 GR.3 kanye ne-EN 10248 S355GP yokufakwa kwenqwaba emanzini?
A: I-ASTM A252 GR.3 (izinga laseMelika) inamandla okukhiqiza okungenani angu-345 MPa (50,000 psi), kuyilapho i-EN 10248 S355GP (izinga laseYurophu) inamandla okukhiqiza okungenani angu-355 MPa (51,500 psi). I-EN 10248 S355GP nayo inemikhawulo eqinile kancane yokwakheka kwamakhemikhali (i-C, P, S ephansi) kanye nezidingo zokuhlola umthelela wokushisa okuphansi ongazikhethela. Zombili zifanelekile ekusetshenzisweni kokufaka inqwaba emanzini. Ukukhetha ngokuvamile kuncike ekucacisweni kwephrojekthi kanye nokukhethwa kwezinga lesifunda. Kumaphrojekthi aseMelika nase-Asia alandela amazinga e-API/ASTM, i-GR.3 iyathandwa. Kumaphrojekthi aseYurophu, eMpumalanga Ephakathi, nase-Afrika, i-S355GP ivame ukucaciswa.
U: Iyiphi inqubo yokukhiqiza okufanele ngiyikhethele iphrojekthi yami yamapayipi okufaka ipayipi - i-ERW noma i-LSAW?
A: Kumadayamitha angaphandle afinyelela ku-660mm (26 inches), i-ERW ngokuvamile ingabizi kakhulu futhi inikeza izikhathi zokuhola ezisheshayo zokukhiqiza. Kumadayamitha asukela ku-508mm kuya ku-3,000mm (20 kuya ku-120 inches), i-LSAW iyadingeka njengoba ubuchwepheshe be-ERW bungakwazi ukukhiqiza lawa madayamitha amakhulu. Kumadayamitha angaphezu kuka-3,000mm (120 inches), i-SSAW (i-spiral welded) ingacatshangelwa. Izidingo zobukhulu bodonga nazo zithinta ukukhethwa kwenqubo - i-LSAW ingafinyelela izindonga ezijiyile (kufika ku-50.8mm) uma kuqhathaniswa ne-ERW (ngokuvamile kufika ku-25.4mm). I-Womic Steel ingakweluleka ngenqubo efanele ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zakho ezithile zobukhulu kanye nesabelomali sephrojekthi.
Q: Iyini indandatho yensimbi yomhlatshelo futhi kufanele isetshenziswe nini?
A: Indandatho yensimbi yomhlatshelo iyisigaba sensimbi esifushane (ngokuvamile ububanzi obungu-50-100mm, ubukhulu obungu-6-12mm, ipayipi elifanayo OD) elihlanganisiwe ekugcineni kokushayela kwepayipi eligoqayo. Limunca amandla okushaya avela esandweni sokushayela inqwaba, livikele ukuphela kwepayipi ekuguqukeni, ekugoqekeni, noma ekuqhekekeni. Kunconywa izindandatho zomhlatshelo ku:
● Izimo zokushayela kanzima (isihlabathi esiminyene, amatshe angcolile, amasokhethi amatshe)
● Izando ezishayela inqwaba enzima (umthelela omkhulu wamandla)
● Amapayipi anodonga oluncane (isilinganiso sobubanzi nobukhulu > 50)
● Amaphrojekthi abalulekile lapho umonakalo wokuphela kwepayipi ungabangela ukubambezeleka kwesheduli
● Amapayipi adinga ukuqina kwamanzi ngemva kokushayela
U: Yiziphi izinketho zobude ezitholakalayo zamapayipi okufaka izintambo zasolwandle? Ungakwazi yini ukunikeza ubude obude kakhulu ukuze unciphise ukuxhunywa kwensimu?
A: Ubude obujwayelekile bungu-6m, 12m, kanye no-18m. Kumaphrojekthi ayisisekelo ajulile kanye nolwandle, sihlinzeka ngobude obujwayelekile obufika ku-60m (200 feet) kuye ngobubanzi kanye nobukhulu bodonga. Ubude obude kakhulu bunikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile: inani elincishisiwe lama-splices asensimini (izindleko eziphansi zokufaka, isheduli esheshayo), ukuqhubeka kwesakhiwo okuthuthukisiwe, kanye nengozi encishisiwe yamaphutha okushisela. Kodwa-ke, ubude obude budinga ukuthuthwa okukhethekile (izitsha ze-rack flat, imikhumbi emikhulu, noma imithwalo yephrojekthi) futhi kungaba nezindleko eziphezulu zokuthutha. Sincoma ukuthuthukisa ubude ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zephrojekthi, izinketho zokuhamba, kanye nemikhawulo yokufinyelela indawo. Sicela unikeze imininingwane yephrojekthi yakho ukuze uthole ukutholakala kobude obuthile kanye nesikhathi sokuhola.
U: Yiziphi izinketho zokumboza ezitholakalayo zamapayipi okufaka izintambo zasolwandle ukuvikela ekugqwaleni kwamanzi olwandle?
A: Sinikeza izinketho eziningi zokugqoka ezilwa nokugqwala ezindaweni zasolwandle:
I-FBE (i-Fusion Bonded Epoxy):Isendlalelo esisodwa noma ezimbili, ukunamathela okuhle kakhulu kanye nokumelana nokuqhekeka kwe-cathodic, ukujiya okuvamile okungu-300-500 microns.
3LPE / 3LPP (I-Polyethylene / i-Polypropylene enezingqimba ezintathu):Ukuvikelwa okuphezulu kwemishini kanye nokumelana nokugqwala, ubukhulu obujwayelekile obungu-2.0-4.5mm, bufanelekela izindawo zasolwandle ezinolaka.
I-Coal Tar Epoxy:Ukumelana kwamanzi okuhle kakhulu kanye nokuhambisana nokuvikelwa kwe-cathodic, ukujiya okuvamile okungu-300-600 microns.
Ukushisa Okushisayo:Ukwembozwa kwe-zinc (ngokuvamile okungu-85-100 microns), kunikeza isivikelo sokuzidela ezindaweni zokulimala kwe-coating.
I-Epoxy Yoketshezi:Isembozo esifakwe ensimini sokulungisa nokulungisa.
Ukugqoka Isisindo Sekhonkrithi (CWC):Kumapayipi angaphansi komhlaba adinga ukuntanta okungekuhle.
Eziningi zezicelo zokufaka inqwaba yasolwandle, i-3LPE noma i-FBE coating ehlanganiswe nokuvikelwa kwe-cathodic (ama-anode omhlatshelo noma ugesi ocindezelwe) iyindinganiso yemboni. Ukukhetha i-coating kuncike ezimweni zamanzi olwandle (izinga lokushisa, usawoti, okuqukethwe yi-oxygen), impilo yomklamo (iminyaka engu-20-50), kanye nesabelomali sephrojekthi.
U: Ungakwazi yini ukunikeza ipayipi lokufaka inqwaba ngokuhlolwa komuntu wesithathu (SGS, BV, TÜV, DNV, LR)?
A: Yebo. Siyakwamukela futhi senza kube lula ukuhlolwa yi-DNV, BV, SGS, TÜV, ABS, LR, noma yimuphi ummeleli oqokwe yiklayenti ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza (ukubona ukuhlolwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, ukuhlolwa kobukhulu, i-NDT, kanye nokuhlolwa kokugcina) nangaphambi kokuthunyelwa. 3.2 Izitifiketi zokuhlola eziqinisekiswe yizinhlangano zangaphandle ezigunyaziwe zihlinzekwa njalo uma ziceliwe. Kumaphrojekthi aphesheya kwezilwandle nasolwandle adinga ukuvunyelwa kwenhlangano yokuhlela (DNV, ABS, LR, BV), sisebenzisana ngqo nenhlangano ukuze kube khona abahloli kanye nokuvunyelwa kwemibhalo.
Q: Yikuphi ukuhlolwa okungabhubhisi (NDT) okudingekayo kumapayipi okufaka izintambo zasolwandle?
A: Ku-ASTM A252 GR.3, izidingo ezijwayelekile ze-NDT zinqunyelwe (akukho NDT ephoqelekile yebanga elijwayelekile). Kodwa-ke, ngezicelo ezibalulekile zasolwandle kanye nasogwini lolwandle, sincoma futhi singakunikeza:
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasonic okungu-100% (UT)womthungo wokushisela kanye nomzimba wepayipi (we-LSAW kanye ne-ERW)
Ukuhlolwa Kwezinhlayiya ZikaMagnetic (MPI)izinzwane zokushisela kanye nendawo ethinteke ekushiseni
Ukuhlolwa Kwe-Radiographic (RT)yomthungo wokushisela (indawo noma ubude obugcwele)
Ukuskena kwe-Laminar UTimiphetho yepuleti ngaphambi kokushisela (ye-LSAW)
Ku-EN 10248 S355GP, ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe okuhlanganisa i-UT noma i-MPI kungachazwa ngumthengi. Sihlala sincoma ukuthi kuxoxwe ngezidingo ze-NDT esigabeni sokucaphuna ukuqinisekisa ububanzi bokuhlola kanye nemibhalo efanele.
U: Bungakanani ubude obuphezulu obungabunikeza ipayipi lokufaka inqwaba yobubanzi obukhulu (isb., 2,000mm OD × 25mm WIT)?
A: Ku-2,000mm OD × 25mm WT, singahlinzeka ngobude obubodwa obufika ku-24m (cishe amamitha angu-80) ngenqubo ye-LSAW. Kumadayamitha angaphezu kuka-1,500mm, ubude obukhulu buvame ukunqunyelwa ukutholakala kosayizi wepuleti kanye nemikhawulo yokuhamba. Sicela usithinte ngezidingo zakho ezithile zobukhulu (OD, WT, ubude, ubuningi) ukuze uthole ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe kwamandla kanye nesilinganiso sesikhathi sokuhola. Kumaphrojekthi adinga ubude obungaphezu kwemingcele evamile yokuhamba (isb., >24m kumadayamitha amakhulu), singasiza ngokuhlela izinto zephrojekthi okuhlanganisa isikebhe noma amalungiselelo okuthutha akhethekile.
U: Ingabe ninikeza izinsizakalo ezisezingeni eliphezulu zokufaka amapayipi? Yiziphi izindinganiso eningazifinyelela?
A: Yebo. Sinikeza ukusika okunembile ngobude obuqondile obuchazwe ngamakhasimende ngokumelana okuqinile. Ukubekezelela ubude obujwayelekile kungu-+50mm / -0mm ngokwezidingo ze-ASTM A252 kanye ne-EN 10248. Kumaphrojekthi adinga ukubekezelelana okuseduze, singafinyelela u-±3mm ngobubanzi obufika ku-660mm (ERW) kanye no-±5mm ngobubanzi obukhulu (LSAW) ngokucubungula okwengeziwe. Ukusika kungalandelwa ukugoba kokuphela (i-angle ye-bevel engu-30°-35° ene-landing engu-1.6mm ±0.8mm) yokushisela i-field butt noma ukuqeda ukuphela okucacile njengoba kudingeka. Sicela ucacise izidingo zakho zokubekezelela esigabeni sokucaphuna.
Q: Yisiphi isikhathi esijwayelekile sokuhola sepayipi lokufaka izintambo zasolwandle i-ASTM A252 GR.3 noma i-EN 10248 S355GP?
A: Izikhathi ezijwayelekile zokuhola zepayipi lokufaka inqwaba elikhiqizwe ngomshini (hhayi elivela esitokweni) cishe ziyizinsuku ezingama-30-45 zenqubo ye-ERW kanye nezinsuku ezingama-45-60 zenqubo ye-LSAW, kuye ngobuningi be-oda, ububanzi, ukujiya kodonga, kanye nezidingo ezithile zokuhlola. Ama-oda asheshayo (izinsuku ezingama-20-30) angatholakala ngamanani amancane noma ngosayizi abajwayelekile abakhiqizwe ngezinto zesitoko. Kumaphrojekthi adinga ukuhlolwa komuntu wesithathu (i-SGS, i-BV, i-DNV, njll.), engeza izinsuku ezi-5-10 zokuhlela ukuhlolwa kanye nemibhalo. Ngokumboza (i-FBE, i-3LPE, njll.), engeza izinsuku eziyi-10-20 kuye ngohlobo lokumboza kanye nobuningi. Sicela usithinte ngomugqa wakho wesikhathi wephrojekthi ukuze uthole ikhotheshini yesikhathi samanje sokuhola.
U: Yimaphi amadokhumenti anikezwa ngokuthunyelwa ngakunye kwepayipi lokufaka izintambo zasolwandle?
A: Ukuthunyelwa ngakunye kufaka phakathi imibhalo ephelele:
Isitifiketi Sokuhlolwa Komshini (i-MTC):ngokwe-EN 10204 Uhlobo 3.1 (noma Uhlobo 2.2 / 3.2 uma luceliwe) kufaka phakathi ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali, izakhiwo zokudonsa, kanye nemiphumela yokuhlola esebenzayo
Umbiko Wokuhlola Obukhulu:kufaka phakathi i-OD, i-WT, ubude, ukuqondile, ukuzungeza
Imibiko Yokuhlola Engonakalisi:Imibiko ye-UT (ukushintshwa komzimba), imibiko ye-RT (uma icacisiwe), imibiko ye-MPI
Imibhalo Yokulandelela:inombolo yokushisa kuya kumarekhodi okulandelela amapayipi aqediwe
Uhlu lokupakisha:uhlu olunemininingwane lwenqwaba/ipayipi olunobuningi, ubukhulu, kanye nesisindo
Isimemezelo Se-invoyisi Yezentengiselwano Nokupakisha:ukususwa kwentela
Isitifiketi Sokuqala:uma kudingeka yizwe lapho uya khona (C/O, Form E, noma okunye)
Imibiko Yokumboza:uma kusetshenziswa isembozo (ukujiya, ukunamathela, ukutholwa kweholide)
Ku-EN 10248 S355GP, imibhalo eyengeziwe ehlanganisa isimemezelo sokumaka i-CE kanye neSimemezelo Sokusebenza (i-DoP) inganikezwa uma iceliwe.
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