1. Insimbi Yomdabu: Amakhono Okukhiqiza kanye Namandla Enkampani
I-Womic Steel Group isebenzisa imigqa eminingi yokukhiqiza ye-LSAW enamakhono athuthukile okukhiqiza i-X70 enamandla aphezulu. I-X70 idinga amapuleti acutshungulwe ngokushisa (i-TMCP), ukupholisa okusheshayo, kanye nokulawula ukufaka ukushisa okuqinile kakhulu.
●Umugqa we-JCOE:Kumadayamitha angu-406mm – 1,422mm (16″–56″), ubukhulu bodonga bufika ku-50.8mm. I-JCO yakha isinyathelo ngesinyathelo ngokwandiswa komshini. Ukufakwa kokushisa ngesikhathi sokushisela kwe-SAW kukhawulelwe ku-≤ 2.5 kJ/mm.
● Umugqa we-UOE:Kumadayamitha angu-508mm – 1,220mm (20″–48″), ubukhulu bodonga bufika ku-40mm. Ukwakheka kwe-U bese kuba ukwakheka kwe-O okunokwandiswa kwe-hydraulic. Ukuzungeza okuphezulu (±0.15% OD). Kukhethwa i-X70 ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezihambisanayo.
● Ipuleti Eligoqiwe (Umthungo Owodwa):Kuma-diameter angu-600mm – 1,600mm (24″–63″), ubukhulu bodonga busukela ku-25mm kuya ku-70mm. Ipuleti elilodwa ligoqwe libe yi-cylinder. Lisetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa kwe-X70 yodonga olusindayo.
● Ipuleti Eligoqiwe (Umthungo Ophindwe Kabili):Ukuze udonga lube nobukhulu > 50.8mm kuya ku-80mm. Lusetshenziswa kumapayipi e-CO₂ anomfutho ophezulu kakhulu.
Inani lamandla e-LSAW lidlula amathani angu-300,000 ngonyaka, kanti ukukhiqizwa kwe-X70 okuzinikele kudlula amathani angu-50,000 ngonyaka. I-Womic Steel ine-API 5L Monogram (eqinisekiswe yi-X70 PSL2), i-ISO 9001, i-CE PED, imvume ye-DNV GL, futhi ihlolwa njalo yizinkampani ezinkulu zikawoyela. Irekhodi lomhlaba wonke ngamapayipi e-X70 angaphezu kwamakhilomitha angu-800 ahlinzekwayo.
Ukuguquguquka Kokukhiqiza kwe-X70:
● I-JCOE: 406–1,422mm OD × 6.0–50.8mm Isisindo × ≤ 18m
● I-UOE: 508–1,220mm OD × 6.0–40.0mm Isisindo × ≤ 24m (ukuzungeza ±0.15%)
● Ipuleti eligoqiwe (umthungo owodwa): 600–1,600mm OD × 25–70mm WIT × ≤ 12m
● Ipuleti eligoqiwe (umthungo ophindwe kabili): 1,000–2,000mm OD × 25–80mm WIT × ≤ 12m
Wonke amapayipi e-X70 ahlinzekwa nge-UT ezenzakalelayo engu-100% ene-TOFD, ukuhlolwa komthelela we-Charpy emazingeni okushisa athile, kanye ne-DWTT yokulawula ukusabalala kwama-fracture. I-PWHT isetshenziswa uma kudingeka ukuze kuhlinzekwe nge-sour.
2. I-API 5L X70: Izici Zokwakheka Kwezinto Nokusebenza
I-API 5L X70 (L485) iyi-high-strength plain pipe grade eyenzelwe ukudluliswa kwegesi enomfutho ophezulu ebangeni elide. Amandla amancane okukhiqiza angu-485 MPa (70,300 psi) kanye namandla okudonsa angu-570 MPa (82,700 psi). I-X70 ikhiqizwa kusetshenziswa i-TMCP ethuthukisiwe enokupholisa okusheshayo ukuze kukhiqizwe i-acicular ferrite noma i-bainitic microstructure. I-PSL2 iyimpoqo ku-X70; i-PSL1 cishe ayisetshenziswa.
Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali (Ukuhlaziywa Kwezindebe, ubuningi be-% ngobuningi - i-PSL2):
| Isici | I-API 5L X70 PSL2 (ubuningi %) | Isevisi Emnandi (okuhlosiwe okuvamile) |
| C | 0.12 | ≤ 0.08 |
| Mn | 1.70 | ≤ 1.50 |
| P | 0.025 | ≤ 0.015 |
| S | 0.015 | ≤ 0.002 |
| Si | 0.45 | 0.15-0.35 |
| V | 0.10 | ≤ 0.06 |
| Nb | 0.08 | 0.04-0.07 |
| Ti | 0.04 | ≤ 0.025 |
| Mo | Akucacisiwe | ≤ 0.35 (ngomuncu) |
| Ni | Akucacisiwe | ≤ 0.50 (ngokushisa okuphansi) |
| Cu | Akucacisiwe | ≤ 0.30 |
| Cr | Akucacisiwe | ≤ 0.30 |
| I-CEV | ≤ 0.43 (okuvamile ≤ 0.41) | ≤ 0.40 (okuvamile ≤ 0.38) |
| I-Pcm | ≤ 0.25 | ≤ 0.22 |
Ukuze kusetshenziswe i-sour, i-Womic isebenzisa i-low-carbon (C ≤ 0.06%), i-ultra-low sulfur (S ≤ 0.0015%), amapuleti aphathwe nge-calcium ane-CEV ≤ 0.38%.
Izakhiwo Zemishini (Izinga Lokushisa Legumbi – PSL2):
| Impahla | I-API 5L X70 PSL2 |
| Amandla Okukhiqiza (iminithi) | I-485 MPa (70,300 psi) |
| Amandla Okukhiqiza (ubuningi) | I-605 MPa (87,800 psi) |
| Amandla Okudonsa (iminithi) | I-570 MPa (82,700 psi) |
| Amandla Okudonsa (ubuningi) | I-760 MPa (110,200 psi) |
| Isilinganiso Sokukhiqiza (ubuningi) | 0.93 |
| Ukwelulwa (iminithi) | 18% (ngegeyiji engu-50mm) |
| Ubulukhuni (ubuningi) | 90 HRB (okumuncu: 85 HRB ejwayelekile) |
| Ukuqina Komthelela (iminithi) | 27 J @ 0°C (okuvamile: 100-200J) |
Ukuqhathaniswa ne-X65 ne-X80:
| Ibanga | I-MPa ephumayo | I-MPa ethambile | Isilinganiso Sokukhiqiza | Isicelo Esijwayelekile |
| I-X65 | 450 | 535 | ≤ 0.93 | Amanzi ajulile, anomfutho ophezulu |
| X70 | 485 | 570 | ≤ 0.93 | Ukucindezela okuphezulu kakhulu, ibanga elide |
| I-X80 | 555 | 625 | ≤ 0.93 | Ibanga elide kakhulu, ingcindezi enkulu |
3. Ukuhambisana Nobubanzi Nokulinganisa Kwezindinganiso
| Into | Imininingwane |
| Okujwayelekile | I-API 5L PSL2 (i-X70 inikezwa kuphela njenge-PSL2 nge-API 5L ngayinye) |
| Izinqubo Zokukhiqiza | I-JCOE, i-UOE, ipuleti eligoqiwe (umthungo owodwa/ophindwe kabili) |
| Ububanzi Bobubanzi Bangaphandle | 406mm – 1,600mm (16″ – 63″) |
| Ububanzi Bokujiya Kodonga | I-JCOE/UOE: 6.0mm – 50.8mm; Ipuleti eligoqiwe: 25mm – 70mm (kufika ku-80mm ngokwezifiso) |
| Ibanga Lobude | Okujwayelekile: 12m, 18m; Kunwetshiwe: kufika ku-24m (UOE) |
| Ukuqeda Ukuqeda | Isiphelo Esigobekile (BE) nge-API ngayinye 5L (i-bevel engu-30°, ubuso bempande obungu-1.6mm) |
| Ukuqedwa Komphezulu | I-Bare, 3LPE, 3LPP, FBE (kudingeka ukugqoka amapayipi amaningi e-X70) |
| Ukubekezelelana | I-OD: ±0.5% noma ±3.2mm; Isisindo: -0% / +15%; Ubude: +50mm / -0mm |
| Ukuvaleka (UOE) | ≤ 0.2% kolwandle, ≤ 0.3% kolwandle |
4. Ubukhulu Nemininingwane Etholakalayo – Ipayipi Lensimbi le-API 5L X70 LSAW (Osayizi Abajwayelekile Abakhethiwe)
| I-OD (mm) | Izinketho ze-WT (mm) | Inqubo | Isisindo Esilinganiselwayo (kg/m) | Ubude Obujwayelekile | Isicelo Esijwayelekile |
| 406 | 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0 | I-JCOE/UOE | 78.5 – 153.9 | 12m / 18m | Igesi eseceleni |
| 508 | 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 19.0, 22.0 | I-UOE | 122.8 – 263.8 | 12m / 18m / 24m | Umugqa wesiqu |
| 610 | 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4 | I-UOE | 184.2 – 366.2 | 12m / 18m / 24m | Isiqu esiyinhloko |
| 711 | 14.0, 16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 28.0 | I-UOE | 240.7 – 471.7 | 12m / 18m | Ezweni lonke |
| 813 | 16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 30.0, 32.0 | I-JCOE/UOE | 314.4 – 616.2 | 12m / 18m | Igesi enomthamo omkhulu |
| 914 | 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 30.0, 35.0, 38.0 | I-JCOE/UOE | 419.5 – 820.9 | 12m / 18m | Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe |
| 1,016 | 22.0, 25.4, 30.0, 35.0, 40.0, 45.0 | I-JCOE/Egoqiwe | 539.2 – 1,078.2 | 12m | Amanzi ajulile |
| 1,220 | 25.4, 30.0, 35.0, 40.0, 45.0, 50.0 | Okugoqiwe (okukodwa) | 748.4 – 1,450.5 | 12m | Ibanga elide |
| 1,422 | 30.0, 35.0, 40.0, 45.0, 50.0, 55.0 | Okugoqiwe (okukodwa) | 1,030 – 1,856 | 12m | Ukucindezela okuphezulu kakhulu |
Amapayipi e-X70 cishe njalo ayi-PSL2 enokuhlolwa komthelela we-Charpy. Udonga olusindayo i-X70 (≥ 30mm) ludinga i-PWHT ukuze lusetshenziselwe isevisi emuncu. Wonke amapayipi e-X70 adinga i-100% UT ene-TOFD kanye ne-DWTT ukuze kulawulwe ukuqhekeka.
5. Izindinganiso Ezivamile Namabanga – Ipayipi Lomugqa Onamandla Aphezulu le-LSAW
| Okujwayelekile | Amabanga Ensimbi | Isicelo Esijwayelekile | Inqubo Yokwakha |
| I-API 5L PSL2 | I-X70 (L485), i-X80 (L555) | Igesi ekude | I-UOE/JCOE |
| I-ISO 3183 | L485, L555 | Amaphrojekthi aphesheya | I-UOE |
| I-DNV-OS-F101 | L485, L555 | Amapayipi angaphansi kolwandle | I-UOE |
| I-CSA Z245.1 | Ibanga 483 (X70) | Amapayipi aseCanada | I-UOE |
| I-GOST R 52079 | I-K60 (okulingana ne-X70) | Amapayipi aseRussia | I-JCOE |
| I-NORSOK M-120 | X70 | Amapayipi epulatifomu angaphandle | I-UOE |
Isifinyezo sokusetshenziswa:Imigqa yemithwalo yegesi ende enomfutho ophezulu kakhulu, amapayipi anqamula izwe angaphezu kwamakhilomitha ayi-1,000, ukuthunyelwa kwegesi emanzini ajulile, isevisi emuncu, amapayipi ase-Arctic, amapayipi e-CO₂.
6. Izinqubo Zokukhiqiza – I-LSAW (UOE / JCOE / Ipuleti Eligoqiwe) lepayipi lensimbi le-X70
I-X70 idinga amapuleti e-TMCP anokupholisa okusheshayo, ukufaka ukushisa okuphansi kakhulu ngesikhathi sokushisela i-SAW (≤ 2.2 kJ/mm), kanye nokulawula okuqinile kokushisa kwe-interpass (≤ 150°C). I-UOE ikhethwa kakhulu kune-JCOE ye-X70 ngenxa yokulawula okungcono kobukhulu.
Inqubo ye-UOE (508–1,220mm OD, 6.0–40mm WIT) – Kunconywa i-X70:
● Ukugaya umphetho wepuleti (i-J-bevel, ukunemba okungu-± 0.3mm)
● Ukucindezela kwe-U (amandla angu-4000t)
● Ukucindezela kwe-O (amandla angu-6000t)
● Ukwandiswa kwemishini (izingxenye ezingu-72, ukwanda kwe-OD okungu-1.0-1.2%)
● I-Inner SAW: okokufaka ukushisa ≤ 2.2 kJ/mm, i-interpass ≤ 150°C
● Ukusika ingemuva (okwenziwa ngomshini, hhayi okushisa)
● I-SAW Yangaphandle: i-multi-pass, i-heat input ≤ 2.2 kJ/mm, izinga lokupholisa liqashwe
● Ukuhlolwa kokugcina kobukhulu: ukujiya ≤ 0.15-0.20%
Inqubo ye-JCOE (406–1,422mm OD, 6.0–50.8mm WET):
● Ukwakheka kancane kancane nge-tonnage ephansi
● Kufanelekela i-X70 esogwini lapho i-ovality ≤ 0.3% yamukelekile
● Izilawuli zokushisela ezifanayo njenge-UOE
Ipuleti Eligoqiwe (Umthungo Owodwa) Lodonga Olunzima X70 (600–1,600mm OD, 25–70mm WIT):
● Ukugoba okunezingqimba ezine ngokulinganisa ukuzungeza kwenqubo
● I-SAW yokudlula okuningi (ubuncane bokudlula okungu-4 kwe-WT engu-40mm)
● I-PWHT iyimpoqo ngobuningi bodonga ≥ 25mm ukuze kube nenkonzo emuncu
● Isetshenziselwa i-CO₂ enomfutho ophezulu kanye nokujova ngamanzi
Ukwelashwa Kokushisa Ngemva Kokushiswa (PWHT):Ngesevisi ye-X70 sour, i-PWHT isetshenziswa kubo bonke ubukhulu bodonga ≥ 20mm (iklayenti livame ukucacisa kubo bonke ubukhulu). Izinga lokushisa lokucwilisa 570-590°C (eliphansi kune-X65 ukuze kugwenywe ukufudumala ngokweqile). Isikhathi sokubamba ihora eli-1 nge-25mm. Izinga lokupholisa ≤ 100°C ngehora. Ukuqina ngemva kwe-PWHT: ≤ 85 HRB.
Ukuhlolwa Kokulawulwa Kokuqhekeka Kwe-X70:
● I-Charpy V-Notch ku--20°C, -46°C, noma -60°C (ngokuvamile: 100-200J)
● I-DWTT (Ukuhlolwa Kokuklebhula Kwesisindo Esiphansi) ku--20°C noma izinga lokushisa lokuhlola: indawo yokugunda ≥ 85% yomzimba wepayipi, ≥ 70% yokushisela
● I-CTOD (Ukususwa Kokuvula I-Crack Tip) yezikhuphuli zasogwini lolwandle (≥ 0.25mm ku--20°C)
7. Izinqubo Zokulawula Ikhwalithi Nokuhlola ze-API 5L X70 LSAW Steel Pipe
| Isiteji | Indlela Yokuhlola | Inhloso |
| Ipuleti | Ukuhlaziywa Kwamakhemikhali (OES) | Qinisekisa imikhawulo ye-X70 (u-C ophansi, i-CEV ≤ 0.43) |
| Ipuleti | I-Ultrasonic (ukuhlolwa kwe-lamination okungu-100%) | Thola ama-lamination |
| Ipuleti | Ukuthamba (L+T) + CVN ku--20°C | Izakhiwo zemishini, ukuqina |
| Ipuleti | Usayizi wezinhlamvu (ASTM E112) | Okusanhlamvu okuhle (ASTM 11 noma okucolekile) |
| Ngesikhathi sokwakheka | Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kobukhulu | I-OD, i-ovality, ukulungiswa komphetho |
| Umthungo wokushisela | I-UT ezenzakalelayo engu-100% ene-TOFD | Thola zonke iziphambeko zokushisela |
| Umthungo wokushisela | I-RT (10-100% njengoba kuchaziwe) | Ukuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi yokushisela |
| Umthungo wokushisela | I-MPI (izinzwane/i-HAZ) | Imifantu engaphezulu |
| Umthungo wokushisela | Ukuqina komgwaqo (BM, HAZ, WM) | Isevisi emuncu (≤ 85 HRB) |
| Ipayipi eliqediwe | Ukuhlolwa Kwamanzi (90-100% SMYS) | Ubuqotho bengcindezi |
| Ipayipi eliqediwe | I-Charpy V-Notch ekushiseni okucacisiwe (ubuncane be-27J) | Ukuqina kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi |
| Ipayipi eliqediwe | I-DWTT ezingeni lokushisa elicacisiwe (≥ 85% SA) | Ukusabalala kokuphuka |
| Ipayipi eliqediwe | Ukugoba Okuqondiswayo / Ukuthamba | Ukuguquguquka |
| Ipayipi eliqediwe | I-CTOD (yasogwini lolwandle) | Ukuqina kokuphuka |
| Ipayipi eliqediwe | Okubonakalayo nokumaka ngenombolo yokushisa | Ukulandelela |
Okuphoqelekile kwi-X70 PSL2:
● 100% UT yomthungo wokushisela (awukwazi ukuba yibala)
● Ukuhlolwa kwe-Hydrostatic
● Umthelela we-Charpy (ubuncane bamasethi ama-3)
● Kwesevisi emuncu: HIC, SSC, PWHT, ubulukhuni ≤ 85 HRB
Kwabaphesheya kwezilwandle: Ukuhlolwa kwe-CTOD, ukuvuleka kweqanda ≤ 0.2%
8. Izicelo Eziyinhloko – Ipayipi Lensimbi le-API 5L X70 LSAW
●Imigqa yemithwalo yegesi ekude enomfutho ophezulu kakhulu– Izingcindezi zokusebenza ezifika ku-20 MPa (2,900 psi), ubude bepayipi obudlula amakhilomitha ayi-1,000
● Amapayipi amakhulu anqamula izwe– OD 1,016-1,422mm, ethwala igesi yemvelo eningi
● Amapayipi okuthumela igesi kwamanye amazwe emanzini ajulile– Ukujula kwamanzi kufikela ku-3,000m, okudinga ukumelana okukhulu kokuwa kanye nokuma okuqinile
●Ukudluliswa kwegesi yesevisi emuncu– Amasimu aqukethe i-H₂S (i-PSL2 ene-HIC/SSC, i-PWHT, i-CEV ephansi)
● Amapayipi e-CO₂ anomfutho ophezulu we-CCS- Amaphrojekthi okubamba nokugcina ikhabhoni adinga amandla aphezulu kanye nokuqina okuphansi kwezinga lokushisa
● Amapayipi egesi ase-Arctic– Izindawo ezihlala ziqhwa ezidinga umthelela weCharpy ku--60°C kanye nokulawulwa kwe-DWTT
● Amaphrojekthi okwandisa ipayipi– Umklamo osekelwe ekucindezelweni kwezindawo zokuzamazama komhlaba noma izindawo ezibandayo
● Amapayipi ezindawo zezintaba– Umthamo ophezulu wokucindezeleka okude (X70 ngesilinganiso esibekiwe sesivuno)
9. Ukupakisha Nokuthumela – Ipayipi Lensimbi le-API 5L X70 LSAW
Njengoba amapayipi e-X70 enenani eliphezulu (ngokuvamile abiza izikhathi ezingu-2-3 kune-X52), i-Womic isebenzisa ukupakisha okuthuthukisiwe:
● Amapayipi ngamanye (akukho ukugoqana, ukugwema umonakalo wokumboza)
● I-dunnage yokhuni eqinile ene-padding yerabha ekusekelweni ngakunye (izinsizakalo ezincane ezi-4 ngepayipi ngalinye elingamamitha ayi-12)
● Izivalo zokugcina zensimbi ezinezigxobo zerabha kanye nezikhwama ze-VCI ngaphakathi
● Kwamapayipi amboziwe: ukugoqa ngefoam + ishidi lepulasitiki + ikesi lokhuni elengeziwe lokuthutha izimpahla zasolwandle
● Wonke amapayipi anelebula ngamathegi e-RFID ukuze kulandeleke kahle
● Ukuthunyelwa ngemikhumbi evulekile enezinhlelo zokubeka amapayipi akhethekile
● Amadokhumenti afaka izitifiketi ze-EN 10204 Type 3.2 zokushisa ngakunye
10. Izinzuzo ze-Womic Steel kanye ne-FAQ – Ipayipi Lensimbi le-API 5L X70 LSAW
Kungani i-Womic Steel isetshenziswa nge-X70 LSAW?
● Inqubo ye-UOE inikeza ukuzungeza kwe-±0.15% OD - okubalulekile ekumelaneni okuphezulu kokuwa kwe-X70
● Amapuleti e-TMCP athuthukisiwe ane-CEV ≤ 0.40% (okuvamile 0.35-0.38%) ukuze kube lula ukushibilika
● Umthelela wokushisa ophansi wehle ufike ku--60°C (i-CTOD iyatholakala)
● Isitifiketi sesevisi emuncu (HIC, SSC) esine-PWHT furnace esingaba ngu-12m ubude
● Ukuvunyelwa kwe-API 5L Monogram + DNV kolwandle
● Amapayipi e-X70 angaphezu kwamakhilomitha angu-800 ahlinzekwe ngaphandle kokwehluleka kokusebenza
● Ukulandelela okugcwele ngokulandelela i-RFID
Imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa:
Q: Kungani ukhethe i-X70 kune-X65 ukuze uthole ipayipi likaphethiloli elihamba ibanga elide?
A: I-X70 inikeza amandla okukhiqiza aphezulu ngo-8% (485 vs 450 MPa), okuvumela ukwehliswa kobukhulu bodonga obungaba ngu-10-12% ngokucindezela okufanayo. Kumbhobho ongamakhilomitha ayi-1,000, lokhu kungonga amathani angu-50,000-80,000 ensimbi, okunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zezinto zokwakha kanye nokunyakaza kwekhabhoni. Kodwa-ke, i-X70 idinga amapuleti e-TMCP abizayo, ukulawulwa kokushisela okuqinile, kanye nezindleko zokuhlola eziphakeme. Indawo yokweqa ngokuvamile icishe ibe ngu-500-800 km. Kumbhobho omfushane, i-X65 iyonga kakhulu.
Q: Ingabe i-X70 kunzima ukuyishibiliza ensimini kune-X65?
A: Yebo. I-X70 inokulingana okuphezulu kwekhabhoni (i-CEV 0.38-0.43% vs X65 0.35-0.40%) futhi izwa kakhulu ekuqhekekeni kwe-hydrogen. Ukushisela ensimini kudinga ukushiswa kusengaphambili (ngokuvamile 100-150°C ye-X70 vs 75-100°C ye-X65) kanye nokulawulwa okuqinile kokufakwa kokushisa kanye nokushisa okuphakathi. Kodwa-ke, ngezinqubo zokushisela ezifanelekile (i-WPS) kanye nabashiseli abanekhono, i-X70 ingashiswa ngokwethembeka. I-Womic inikeza izincomo ezisebenzisekayo zokushisela futhi inganikeza amakhuphoni okufaneleka.
Q: Ingabe i-X70 ingasetshenziswa ekuhlinzekeni ngesevisi emuncu (H₂S)?
A: Yebo, kodwa kudinga izinyathelo ezengeziwe: I-CEV ≤ 0.38% (okungcono ≤ 0.36%), i-PWHT yazo zonke izinhlobo zobukhulu bodonga, ubulukhuni ≤ 85 HRB, i-HIC kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-SSC. I-Womic inikeze isevisi ye-sour X70 kumaphrojekthi ane-H₂S efinyelela ku-50 ppm. Qaphela ukuthi i-X70 ibucayi kakhulu ku-H₂S kune-X65 noma i-X60, ngakho-ke opharetha abaningi basathanda i-X65 ezindaweni ezine-H₂S ephezulu.
Q: Bungakanani ubukhulu bodonga obuphezulu bepayipi le-X70 LSAW?
A: Ipuleti eligoqiwe elingu-JCOE/UOE elingu-50.8mm, umthungo owodwa ogoqiwe ofika ku-70mm. Ukuze kube nobukhulu bodonga > 40mm, amathuluzi e-UOE ayancishiswa, futhi ipuleti eligoqiwe liyathandwa. Muva nje sinikeze ipayipi le-CO₂ elinomfutho ophezulu (iphrojekthi ye-CCS) elingu-X70 914mm.
Q: Yikuphi ukuhlolwa kokuqina kokuqhekeka okudingekayo ku-X70?
A: I-API 5L idinga ukuhlolwa kwe-Charpy V-Notch (27J min) kodwa amaphrojekthi amaningi acacisa amanani aphezulu (isb., 100J ku--20°C). I-DWTT iyadingeka ekulawuleni ukusabalala kokuqhekeka (indawo yokugunda ≥ 85% ekushiseni kokuhlola). Kumapayipi asogwini noma ase-Arctic, ukuhlolwa kwe-CTOD (≥ 0.25mm ku--20°C noma -46°C) kuvame ukungezwa. I-Womic yenza zonke lezi zivivinyo endlini noma ngamalabhorethri agunyaziwe avela eceleni.
Q: Yisiphi isikhathi esijwayelekile sokuhola ipayipi le-X70 LSAW?
A: I-X70 idinga amapuleti e-TMCP anesikhathi eside sokuhola (amasonto angu-8-12 kusukela kumshini wokugaya). Isikhathi esiphelele sokuhola: izinsuku ezingu-70-100 kusukela ku-oda kuya ekuthunyelweni kwe-FOB. Ama-oda aphuthumayo (izinsuku ezingu-45-60) kungenzeka uma amapuleti esesitokweni.
Q: Ingabe i-X70 idinga i-PWHT ukuze isevisi ingabi mnandi?
A: I-API 5L ayigunyazi i-PWHT ye-X70 engaphansi kuka-50.8mm WT. Kodwa-ke, opharetha abaningi basebenzisa i-PWHT kumapayipi e-X70 kungakhathaliseki ukuthi udonga lubanzi kangakanani ukuze banciphise ukucindezeleka okusele futhi baqinisekise ukuqina kwe-HAZ. I-Womic ingahlinzeka nge-PWHT uma iceliwe (izindleko ezengeziwe kanye nesikhathi sokuhola).
Inkomba Yephrojekthi - Umugqa Wesiqu Segesi Yemvelo Ephakathi Nebanga Elide e-Asia
Izwe:Umngcele wase-Uzbekistan – Tajikistan – China (ingxenye ye-Central Asia-China Gas Pipeline)
Okujwayelekile kanye Nezinga:I-API 5L X70 PSL2 (ayimuncu, kodwa inezidingo zokushisa okuphansi)
Ubukhulu kanye nobuningi:
● OD 1,219mm (48″) × WIT 19.0mm – 85,000 amamitha (cishe amathani angu-48,500) akhiqizwe ngenqubo ye-UOE
● OD 1,219mm (48″) × WIT 22.2mm – 15,000 amamitha (cishe amathani angu-9,500) akhiqizwe ngenqubo ye-UOE (udonga olujiyile lokuwela izintaba nezindawo zamaphutha)
● OD 1,016mm (40″) × WIT 17.5mm – 40,000 amamitha (cishe amathani angu-17,800) akhiqizwe yinqubo ye-JCOE (umugqa wegatsha)
Isiyonke:Amamitha ayi-140,000 (140 km), cishe amathani angu-75,800
Imininingwane:Isembozo sangaphandle se-3LPE (isamba esingu-3.0mm), iziphetho ezigobile zingama-30°/1.6mm, i-hydrotest ku-19.5 MPa (ingcindezi yomklamo ingu-15.0 MPa). Umthelela we-Charpy ophoqelekile ku--20°C (ubuncane be-80J, kufinyelelwe ku-150-220J) naku--46°C (ubuncane be-50J, kufinyelelwe ku-100-160J). I-DWTT ku--20°C: indawo yokugunda ≥ 85% yomzimba wepayipi, ≥ 70% wokushisela. I-UT yomzimba ogcwele (100% wevolumu yepayipi, hhayi nje umthungo). Ukuhlolwa komuntu wesithathu yi-TÜV Rheinland kulo lonke ukukhiqizwa. I-DNV ibone ukuhlolwa kwe-hydrostatic ku-10% wokukhiqizwa.
Isicelo:Ukwandiswa kwePhayiphi Yegesi Yase-Asia Ephakathi-China (Umugqa D), ethwala igesi yemvelo esuka emasimini egesi e-Uzbekistan idlula eTajikistan iye emngceleni waseShayina. Ubude bomugqa obuphelele balesi sandiso: 140 km. Iphayiphi lidlula ezintabeni zasePamir, kufaka phakathi izindawo ezine ezisebenzayo zokuzamazama komhlaba, izindawo ezintathu ezinkulu zokuwela imifula, kanye nokushintsha kokuphakama kusuka ku-400m kuya ku-2,800m.
Izinselele Zobuchwepheshe Nezixazululo:
● Ukuphakama okukhulu kanye nokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa– Ukuphakama kwephayiphi kusuka ku-400m kuya ku-2,800m, kanye namazinga okushisa aphakathi nendawo asukela ku--35°C ebusika kuya ku-+45°C ehlobo. Amaphayiphi angu-48" X70 ayedinga ukuqina okuphansi kokushisa kuze kufike ku--46°C (Charpy min 50J). Amapuleti e-TMCP akhethwe yi-Womic ane-nickel angeziwe (Ni ≤ 0.50%) ukuze kufezwe umthelela we-Charpy ku--46°C isilinganiso esingu-120J. Indawo yokucheba ye-DWTT ku--20°C: 92-96% yomzimba wephayiphi, 82-88% we-weld. Zonke izivivinyo ziphumelele.
● Ukunqamula amaphutha okuzamazama komhlaba – umklamo osekelwe ekucindezelweni– Izingxenye ezine zamapayipi zidlula amaphutha asebenzayo kanye nokufuduka komhlaba okungaba khona okungafika ku-1.5m. Ipayipi laklanywa kusetshenziswa umklamo osekelwe ekucindezelweni (hhayi ekucindezelweni). Lokhu kudinga amapayipi e-X70 anesilinganiso esithile sokuvunwa ≤ 0.85 (i-API 5L PSL2 ivumela u-0.93) kanye nokunwetshwa okufanayo ≥ 15%. I-Womic ikhiqize i-X70 ekhethekile "enobunzima obuphezulu" enesilinganiso sokuvunwa esingu-0.80-0.84 kanye nokunwetshwa okufanayo okungu-16-18%. Siphinde sahlinzeka ngokuhlolwa kokudonswa kwengxenye ephelele (hhayi nje ukudwetshwa) ukuqinisekisa amandla okudonswa.
● Indawo enezintaba enezidingo ezigobile kakhulu– Ipayipi lihlanganisa amakhilomitha angama-22 epayipi elingu-48" elifakwe emithambekeni engama-degrees angu-20-30. Ukugoba okubandayo kwensimu kwamapayipi e-X70 kunqunyelwe (i-API 5L ivumela i-1.5° ngamamitha ayi-12). Amapayipi ahlinzekwe yi-Womic anamalunga amade kakhulu angu-18m ezingxenyeni eziqondile kanye namalunga angu-12m ezingxenyeni ezigobile. Senze nokuhlolwa kokugoba kumasampula aphelele: amapayipi angu-48" × 19.0mm agobekile ngamamitha ayi-2.0 ngo-12m ngaphandle kokuqhekeka (kuqinisekiswe yi-UT kanye ne-MT ngemuva kokugoba).
● Ukuwela imifula okudinga ukuqina kodonga okunzima– Izindawo ezintathu zokuwela imifula (imifula ye-Oxus) zazidinga u-22.2mm WT esikhundleni sika-19.0mm ukuze kugoqwe futhi kugobe ngesikhathi sokufakwa kokudonsa. I-Womic isebenzise inqubo ye-UOE kula mapayipi ukuze ifinyelele ukwakheka kwe-oval ≤ 0.2% (0.12-0.18%) yangempela, iqinisekisa ukudlula okubushelelezi ebholeni. Amapayipi amakhulu odongeni nawo ayedinga ukufakwa kokushisa okuphansi ngesikhathi sokushisela (≤ 2.0 kJ/mm) ukuze kugcinwe ukuqina kwe-HAZ.
● Ukuthutha amabanga amade emazweni amathathu– Amapayipi akhiqizwa esitshalweni saseWomic eTianjin, athunyelwa ngesitimela e-Almaty (Kazakhstan), abe esedluliselwa emalolini ukuze athunyelwe ezindaweni zokwakha e-Uzbekistan naseTajikistan. Ibanga eliphelele lokuhamba: ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha angu-5,000. I-Womic yasebenzisa izimoto zesitimela ezikhethekile ezinezisekeli ezifakwe indwangu kanye nebhande lensimbi. Ipayipi ngalinye laskeniwa nge-RFID kuzo zonke izindawo zokudlulisela. Awekho amapayipi alimele ngesikhathi sokuthutha naphezu kokuwela imingcele emithathu kanye nokudluliselwa kwemikhumbi okungu-6.
● Izidingo eziqinile zokugqoka ukuze kutholakale ukukhanya kwe-UV ezindaweni eziphakeme– Ekuphakameni okungamamitha angu-2,800, imisebe ye-UV iphakeme ngama-40% kunasezingeni lolwandle. I-Standard 3LPE ingawohloka ku-UV ephezulu. I-Womic ifake i-3LPE ngesendlalelo esiphezulu esiqiniswe yi-UV (okuqukethwe okumnyama kwekhabhoni okungu-2.5% vs okujwayelekile okungu-2.0%). Isembozo sidlule ekuhlolweni kwe-UV okusheshayo (amahora angu-1,000 e-QUV, ukugcinwa kwe-gloss ≥ 80%). Amandla okukhuhla ahlala > 200 N/cm ngemva kokuvezwa yi-UV.
● Umphumela:Ukwandiswa kwepayipi elingamakhilomitha angu-140 kwaqedwa futhi kwaqaliswa ukusebenza ngekota yesibili ka-2025. Wonke amathani angu-75,800 amapayipi e-X70 PSL2 adlule ekuhlolweni kwe-TÜV ngaphandle kokulahlwa nhlobo. Izingxenye zomklamo ezisekelwe ekucindezelweni zisindile ezigamekweni ezimbili zokuzamazama komhlaba (ubukhulu obungu-4.2 no-5.1) phakathi nezinyanga zokuqala ezingu-18 zokusebenza ngaphandle kwezimpawu zokugoba noma ukuvuza. Iklayenti (inkampani kazwelonke yegesi yase-Uzbekistan) linikeze izincomo ezisemthethweni ku-Womic Steel "ngokulawula ikhwalithi okumangalisayo kanye nokusekela kobuchwepheshe." I-Womic manje ingumhlinzeki okhethwayo wezingxenye zesikhathi esizayo ze-Line D.
Xhumana:
Iwebhusayithi: www.womicsteel.com
I-imeyili: sales@womicsteel.com
Ucingo / WhatsApp / WeChat:
UVictor: +86 15575100681
UJack: +86 18390957568
I-Womic Steel – Umlingani wakho othembekile wamapayipi e-API 5L X70 LSAW emigqa yemithwalo yegesi ende enomfutho ophezulu kakhulu, amapayipi anqamula izwe, ukusetshenziswa kwe-arctic, kanye nezindawo zokuzamazama komhlaba ezinobunzima obukhulu emhlabeni jikelele.
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