Incazelo emfushane
Umkhiqizo:Ishubhu Lensimbi Engenamthungo Elingenakushisa Okuphansi Le-Nickel Elingu-3.5% – I-ASTM A334 Ibanga 3 (UNS K12021 / 3.5Ni), lidonswa ngokubandayo, lijwayelekile futhi lipholiswe ngomoya ukuze kusetshenziswe amashubhu ensimbi ekhabhoni ne-alloy angenamthungo futhi ahlanganisiwe ahloselwe ukusetshenziswa emazingeni okushisa aphansi.
Incazelo emfushane yomkhiqizo:I-Womic Steel Group isungule amakhono okukhiqiza avuthiwe, amakhulu amashubhu angenamthungo angama-3.5Ni ububanzi obuncane, amade kakhulu – amboze ubude obungu-25mm OD x 2mm WT x 22m ubude obuhlukile – ahlangabezana ngokugcwele nezidingo zokuqina okuphansi kwezinga lokushisa le-ASTM A334 Grade 3 kuze kufike ku--101°C. Lo mugqa wokukhiqiza ubhekana nokuthembela komlando kokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe kwamashubhu angama-3.5Ni ububanzi obuncane, amade kakhulu. Insimbi ye-nickel engu-3.5% inikeza ukuqina okuhle kakhulu kanye nokuguquguquka emazingeni okushisa aphansi njengo--150°F (-101°C), okwenza kube yinto ebalulekile kuma-terminal e-LNG, amayunithi e-ethylene cracker, izitshalo zokuhlukanisa umoya, kanye namaphrojekthi e-polar.
Ububanzi bangaphandle busukela ku-10mm kuya ku-610mm (okugoqekile okushisayo), ubukhulu bodonga busukela ku-1.5mm kuya ku-25.4mm, ubude obubodwa bufika ku-24m. Ububanzi be-OD eqondile edonswe ngokubandayo: 6mm kuya ku-89mm, kanye nokubekezelelana okuqinile okuphansi njengo-±0.10mm.
Iqukethe cishe i-nickel engu-3.5%, enokwakheka kwe-nickel okunekhabhoni ephansi, okuphezulu ukuze kuthuthukiswe kakhulu ukuqina kokushisa okuphansi futhi kuvimbele ukuqhekeka kokushisa okuphansi ku--101°C. Ukwakheka okuvamile: C ≤0.19%, Mn 0.31-0.64%, Si 0.18-0.37%, Ni 3.18-3.82%, P ≤0.025%, S ≤0.025%.
I-3.5Ni (ASTM A334 Grade 3) ibekwe phakathi kwensimbi ejwayelekile enokushisa okuphansi Ibanga 6 (-45°C) kanye nensimbi ephezulu engu-9% Ni Grade 8 (-196°C). Isebenza njengesixazululo esingabizi kakhulu sebanga lesevisi eliphakathi kuka-50°C no-101°C.
Ihambisana ne-ASTM A334/A334M, ASME SA334, ASTM A333/A333M Ibanga lesi-3, kanye ne-ASTM/ASME, PED, kanye ne-NACE MR0175 (uma iceliwe).
Amapayipi okwamukela i-LNG asekelayo, amayunithi e-PDH (Propane Dehydrogenation), ama-ethylene crackers, amayunithi okuhlukanisa umoya, kanye nezinhlelo zamapayipi epulatifomu asogwini lolwandle ezifundeni ezisemaphethelweni.
Iqembu le-Womic Steelingumkhiqizi okhethekile kanye nomthengisi wangaphandle emhlabeni wonke wamapayipi angenamthungo aphansi okushisa, amapayipi amancane okunemba, kanye namapayipi amade angenamthungo. Njengoba sineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20 yobuchwepheshe bokudweba okubandayo, amapayipi ethu angenamthungo angu-3.5Ni esevisi ye--101°C manje aseyatholakala kuma-oda amaningi. Izitifiketi zomshini wokugaya, ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasonic kanye ne-hydrostatic okungu-100%, ukuhlonza izinto ezinhle, kanye nemibiko yokuhlola enezilinganiso ezigcwele enokulandelela ukushisa okukodwa kuyanikezwa. Ukuhlolwa komuntu wesithathu (SGS/BV/DNV/TÜV) kuyamukelwa. Amanani okuncintisana kanye nokulethwa okusheshayo.
Isigaba 1: Ingemuva – Kungani Amashubhu Angenamthungo angu-3.5Ni ku--101°C?
Kusukela ngawo-1930, lapho i-United States iqala ukuthuthukisa insimbi ye-nickel engu-3.5% yesevisi yokushisa okuphansi (ekugcineni yabekwa ezingeni elifanele ngaphansi kwe-ASTM A334/A334M kanye ne-A333/A333M), iYurophu neJapane nazo zithuthukise amazinga azo ensimbi angu-3.5Ni. Lezi zinto zikhonze kakhulu ama-ethylene crackers, ezokuthutha ze-LPG/LNG, izitshalo zomanyolo, ukucubungula irabha, kanye nezimboni zegesi yamalahle.
Insimbi engu-3.5Ni iyinsimbi ephansi enekhabhoni ephansi, ene-nickel ephezulu enokuqukethwe kwe-nickel (Ni) okungaba ngu-3.5%. Ngokulungisa noma ukulungisa nokulungisa ukushisa, inikeza isakhiwo esincane se-ferrite + bainite esizinzile kanye nokuqina okuhle kakhulu komthelela wokushisa okuphansi. Iyinto esungulwe kahle, eqashelwa emhlabeni wonke esetshenziselwa imikhumbi yokucindezela kanye nezinhlelo zamapayipi ezindaweni eziphansi zokushisa -101°C.
EShayina, ipuleti lensimbi elingu-3.5Ni kanye nezinsimbi zokufakelwa kufinyelele ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni okuvuthiwe nokuthembekile iminyaka eminingi, okubonisa ukusebenza kahle kobuchwepheshe kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko. Kodwa-ke, amashubhu angenamthungo - ikakhulukazi amashubhu amancane, amade kakhulu angu-3.5Ni - ahlale etholakala kancane.
Ukuze kugcwaliswe lesi sikhala embonini, i-Womic Steel isungule umugqa wokukhiqiza ozinikele osebenzisa amakhono ayo ayisisekelo ekukhiqizeni amashubhu angenamthungo asezingeni eliphansi lokushisa, ukukhiqizwa kokunemba okuncane, kanye nobuchwepheshe bokudweba amashubhu abandayo obude kakhulu. Ngemva kokuthuthukiswa kwenqubo ehlelekile kanye nokuqinisekiswa kwama-batch amaningi, amashubhu ethu angenamthungo angu-25mm OD x 2mm WT x 22m amade kakhulu angu-3.5Ni angene ekukhiqizweni okukhulu, kanti ibhetshi yokuqala ilethwa ngo-Ephreli kumkhiqizi omkhulu wemishini yasekhaya. Amashubhu azosetshenziswa kuphrojekthi ye-Russian Arctic Circle.
Ukuhlolwa okugunyazwe kuzwelonke kuqinisekisile ukuthi zonke izinkomba zokusebenza ezibalulekile - okuhlanganisa nokushisa okuphansi kwe-Charpy -101°C kuthinta ukuqina, izakhiwo zokuthambekela kokushisa kwegumbi, ukunemba kobukhulu, kanye nokuphela kobuso - kuhlangabezana ngokugcwele nezidingo ze-ASTM A334 Grade 3 futhi kufana ngokuphelele namazinga athuthukile emhlabeni jikelele.
Isigaba 2: Ukuhlaziywa Kwebanga Lokuqhathanisa - Ukukhetha Insimbi Efanele Ephansi Kokushisa
Amapayipi angenamthungo ensimbi enamandla axutshwe kahle ezindaweni ezinokushisa okuphansi afaka phakathi i-ASTM A333/A334 Amabanga 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, kanye ne-11. Phakathi kwawo, Amabanga 3, 4, 7, kanye ne-8 yiwona avame ukucaciswa ngesevisi yokushisa okuphansi okuphakathi nokunzima. Ukukhetha izinto ezifanele kuncike ekushiseni okuncane okudingekayo kwesevisi, ingcindezi yomklamo, kanye nesabelomali.
Ithebula elilandelayo linikeza ukuqhathanisa okuphelele kwamazinga ensimbi aphansi okushisa, okuhlanganisa izilinganiso zawo zokushisa ezisebenzayo, izakhiwo zemishini (ukuqina kokuqina nokukhiqiza), kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile. Lokhu kuqhathanisa kuzosiza ekucaciseni isimo semakethe sensimbi engu-3.5Ni (ASTM A334 Grade 3) uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto ezisetshenziswayo.
Ithebula: Ukuqhathaniswa Kwebanga Lensimbi Yezinga Lokushisa Eliphansi le-ASTM A333/A334
| Ukuqokwa Kwebanga | Izinga lokushisa eliphansi lesevisi | Okuqukethwe kwe-Ni | Amandla Okudonsa (iminithi) | Amandla Okukhiqiza (iminithi) | Ukwelulwa | Izinhlelo Zokusebenza Zohlobo Nokhiye |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ibanga lesi-6 | -45°C (-50°F) | ≤0.5% | ≥415 MPa | ≥240 MPa | ≥30% | Insimbi yeManganese Enekhabhoni Ephansi. Izinga elivame kakhulu futhi elingabizi. Ukwelashwa kwamanzi, ukuqandisa okuvamile, amapayipi esimo sezulu esibandayo. |
| Ibanga lesi-3 (3.5Ni) | -101°C (-150°F) | 3.18-3.82% | ≥450 MPa | ≥240 MPa | ≥30% (L) / ≥20% (T) | Insimbi yeNickel engu-3.5%. Isebenza kahle kakhulu kusukela ku--50°C kuya ku--101°C. Amayunithi e-PDH, izitshalo ze-ethylene, amayunithi okuhlukanisa umoya, amapayipi ase-Arctic. |
| Ibanga lesi-4 | -101°C (-150°F) | ≤0.5% | ≥415 MPa | ≥240 MPa | ≥30% | Insimbi Yekhabhoni Ebulele. Isakhiwo se-matrix esiqukethe inani elincane le-ferrite. Ukuqina okulinganiselwe kokushisa okuphansi uma kuqhathaniswa no-3.5Ni. |
| Ibanga lesi-7 | -73°C (-100°F) | 2.0-2.5% | ≥450 MPa | ≥240 MPa | ≥30% | Insimbi yeNickel engu-2.5%. Inketho ephakathi kwebanga lesi-6 nebanga lesi-3. |
| Ibanga lesi-8 (9Ni) | -196°C (-320°F) | 8.4-9.6% | ≥690 MPa | ≥515 MPa | ≥22% | Insimbi yeNickel engu-9%. Ukuqina okuhle kakhulu ekushiseni okuphansi kakhulu. Amapayipi amakhulu e-LNG (-162°C). |
| Ibanga 11 (Ukuqina Okuphezulu) | -196°C. Kufana ne-Gr.8 | Kufana ne-Gr.8 | Kufana ne-Gr.8 | Kufana ne-Gr.8 | Kufana ne-Gr.8 | Kwenziwe ngensimbi ebulewe esezingeni eliphezulu, esetshenziselwa izingxenye ezibalulekile kakhulu ezishisa kakhulu. |
Isigaba 3: Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali – Ukulawulwa Okuqinile Kokuhambisana Kwebanga 3 le-ASTM A334
Isebenzisa ulwazi oluvuthiwe noluqinisekisiwe ngepuleti lensimbi elingu-3.5Ni kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamashubhu angenamthungo ashisayo, i-Womic Steel isungule izinhlobo zamakhemikhali ezilawulwa ngokuqinile ikakhulukazi inqubo yamashubhu amancane anobubanzi obuncane adonswa ebanda. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuqina okuphezulu kokushisa okuphansi ngenkathi kugcinwa ukukhiqizwa okuzinzile kokudonsa okubandayo.
| Isici | I-ASTM A334 Gr.3 (Ubuningi/Okudingekayo) | Ithagethi Yomklamo Wensimbi YaseWomic | Ukuhlaziywa Kwezingqimba Zangempela Zensimbi Ye-Womic Steel |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ikhabhoni (C) | ≤0.19% | 0.06 – 0.09% | 0.07% |
| I-Silicon (Si) | 0.18 – 0.37% | 0.18 – 0.33% | 0.24% |
| I-Manganese (Mn) | 0.31 – 0.64% | 0.45 – 0.60% | 0.51% |
| I-Phosphorus (P) | ≤0.025% | ≤0.010% | 0.004% |
| I-Sulfur (S) | ≤0.025% | ≤0.005% | 0.001% |
| I-Nickel (Ni) | 3.18 – 3.82% | 3.30 – 3.70% | 3.40% |
*Inhlanganisela yokuqukethwe okuphansi kwekhabhoni (C ≤0.19%), i-phosphorus nesulfure ephansi kakhulu (P ≤0.025%, S ≤0.025%), kanye nokwengezwa kwe-nickel okungu-3.18-3.82% okunembile kususa ingozi yokuqhekeka kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi ku--101°C, kuyilapho kuhlangatshezwana nezidingo zamakhemikhali nezemishini ze-ASTM A334 Gr.3 futhi kuqinisekiswa ukusebenza kahle kokubanda ngesikhathi senqubo yokudweba.*
Isigaba 4: Izakhiwo Zemishini – Ukuhambisana Nokuqiniswa Kwe-ASTM A334 Yebanga 3
Izakhiwo zemishini zihlolwe kokubili kuthubhu lomama (ubukhulu bodonga oluphelele) kanye nethubhu eliqediwe (ubuso) ngemva kokwelashwa kokushisa okufanayo, ngamasampula athathwe kuqoqo lokukhiqiza elivamile.
Izakhiwo Zokuthamba Zezinga Lokushisa Legumbi
| Impahla | Isidingo se-ASTM A334 Gr.3 | Insimbi Yangempela Ye-Womic (Ukukhiqizwa Okuvamile) |
|---|---|---|
| Amandla Okukhiqiza (isaphulelo esingu-0.2%) | ≥240 MPa | 330 – 360 MPa |
| Amandla Okudonsa | ≥450 MPa | 520 – 550 MPa |
| Ukwelulwa (i-longitudinal) | ≥30% | 32 – 36% |
| Ukwelulwa (okuphambeneyo) | ≥20% | 26 – 30% |
| Ubulukhuni (HB) | ≤190 | 160 – 175 |
Isakhiwo se-Metallographic
Ngemva kokulungisa ukwelashwa kokushisa ku-≥845°C kulandelwe ukupholisa komoya, ithubhu eliqediwe labonisa isakhiwo esincane se-ferrite + bainite esinesilinganiso sosayizi wezinhlamvu esingaba yi-ASTM No. 10 (ukolweni ocolisisiwe kakhulu), okufaka isandla ekuqineni okuphezulu kokushisa okuphansi.
-101°C Ukuqina Kwe-Charpy Yokushisa Okuphansi
Ngenxa yokuthi ukuhlolwa komthelela oqondile kwepayipi elincane eliqediwe (25x2mm) akunakwenzeka ngokwemikhuba ejwayelekile (isibonelo sincane kakhulu), i-Womic Steel yathatha amasampula epayipi likamama anenani elifanayo lokushisa, yawafaka ekwelashweni kokushisa okujwayelekile okufanayo namapayipi aqediwe, yabe isiwafaka ngomshini kumasampula amancane angu-2.5x10x55mm e-Charpy V-notch. Ukuhlolwa komthelela kwabe sekwenziwa ekushiseni okuphansi ngisho nangokwe--117°C, kudlula isidingo somklamo esingu--101°C, ukuze kuboniswe umkhawulo wokuphepha owanele.
| Izinga Lokushisa Lokuhlola | Isampula 1 | Isampula 2 | Isampula 3 | Isidingo se-ASTM (usayizi we-subsize ongu-2.5mm) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| -117°C | 32J | 33J | 35J | Isilinganiso esincane ≥5J; eyodwa ≥4J |
Imiphumela yokuhlolwa komthelela idlula kakhulu izidingo eziphansi ze-ASTM, okubonisa ukuqina okungavamile kwento ekushiseni okuphansi kanye nomkhawulo omkhulu wokuphepha ongaphezu kokushisa kwesevisi okulinganiselwe okungu-101°C.
Isigaba 5: Inqubo Yokukhiqiza – Ukudweba Okubandayo Okuvuthiwe kanye Nokwelashwa Kokushisa Kwamashubhu Amancane Anesikhathi Eside
I-Womic Steel ikhiqiza amashubhu angenamthungo angama-3.5Ni okushisa okuphansi kusetshenziswa umzila wokukhiqiza ogcwele izimboni olungiselelwe ngqo imikhiqizo yokuqeda enobubanzi obuncane, obude kakhulu, nobude obuphezulu:
- Ukuncibilikisa Isithando Somlilo Se-Arc Sikagesi + Ukucwengisisa Iladle + Ukususa Igesi Nge-Vacuum:Iqinisekisa okuqukethwe kwe-hydrogen, i-oxygen, kanye ne-nitrogen okuphansi kakhulu, kanye nokulawulwa okuqinile kwamakhemikhali (P ≤0.005%, S ≤0.001%).
- Ukuphonsa Okuqhubekayo + Ukugoqa Izimbali:Ikhiqiza imigoqo yeshubhu esezingeni eliphezulu enomsindo wangaphakathi omuhle.
- Ukubhoboza Okushisayo (Ukubhoboza Okugoqekile):Ama-billet ashiswa esithandweni somshayo wokuhamba bese ebhobozwa emagobolondweni asindayo angenalutho odongeni emazingeni okushisa athuthukisiwe; ukungavamile kuyancishiswa.
- Ukuphanga Okubandayo / Ukudweba Okubandayo– Amapayipi amaningi (ngokufaka amanzi abandayo aphakathi nendawo): Lena inqubo eyinhloko yokufeza amapayipi amade kakhulu. Ngosayizi wokugcina ongu-25x2mm, inqubo ngokuvamile idinga amapayipi amathathu okudonsa abandayo alawulwa kahle, lapho ipayipi ngalinye liqinisa izinto. Phakathi kwamapayipi, amapayipi afakwa amapayipi abandayo aphakathi nendawo ukuze kubuyiselwe ukuqina kwawo futhi kuvinjelwe ukuqhekeka komsebenzi.
- Isixazululo Sokunamathela (Ukwenza Okuvamile):Kwenziwa esithandweni somoya esilawulwayo ku-≥845°C, kulandelwe ukupholisa umoya ukuze kuncishiswe ukucindezeleka kokusebenza okubandayo futhi kulungiswe isakhiwo esincane.
- Ukuqondisa:Ukuqondisa ama-roller ngendlela eqondile kuqinisekisa ukubekezelela ukuqondisa okungu-≤1.5mm ngemitha.
- Ukusika Ubude Nokuqeda Ukuqeda:Ama-flying cutoff saws afinyelela ukunemba okuphezulu; iziphetho ziyasuswa noma zibekwe ngendlela eqondile njengoba kudingeka.
- I-100% NDT, Ukuhlolwa Kwamanzi, Nokumaka:Ithubhu ngalinye lihlolwa nge-ultrasound, lihlolwe ugesi we-eddy, futhi lihlolwe ingcindezi ngaphambi kokufakwa kokugcina kokucindezeleka okuphansi.
- Ubukhulu bokugcina obufinyelelwe:24.96 – 25.05mm OD × 2.04 – 2.16mm WIT × 22m ubude. Ubukhulu bomphezulu we-ID kanye ne-OD ≤1.4μm Ra, ihlangabezana nekhwalithi yeshubhu yokushintshanisa ukushisa yebanga 1 ngokwe-NB/T 47019.1-2021 (ukuphela komphezulu we-sub micrometer).
Isigaba 6: Ukulawulwa Kwekhwalithi Nokuhlolwa - Ukuqinisekiswa Kokusebenza Okuphelele
Iqoqo ngalinye lokukhiqiza lamashubhu angenamthungo angu-3.5Ni okushisa okuphansi lihlolwa ngokwezindinganiso ze-ASTM A334/A334M:2021.
Izitifiketi:Isitifiketi Sokuhlolwa Komshini ngokwe-EN 10204 Uhlobo 3.1. Uhlobo 3.2 olunofakazi beqembu lesithathu (SGS/BV/DNV/TÜV) luyatholakala uma luceliwe.
Ukuvumelana kweqembu ngalinye:I-Womic Steel igcina amarekhodi anemininingwane yenombolo ngayinye yokushisa kanye neqoqo ngalinye, iqinisekisa ukulandeleka okugcwele kwepayipi ngalinye eliqediwe.
Isigaba 7: Izicelo – Lapho ama-Tubes e-ASTM A334 ebanga lesi-3 e-3.5Ni e-Excel
Amashubhu angenamthungo angama-3.5Ni aklanyelwe ukusebenza isikhathi eside okuthembekile ebangeni lesevisi eliphakathi kuka-45°C no-101°C, okugcwalisa igebe phakathi kwezinto ezijwayelekile zeBanga 6 nezinto ezibiza kakhulu zeBanga 8 ezingama-9% Ni.
Ishubhu engu-3.5Ni isebenza njengokukhetha kwezinto ezingabizi kakhulu ebangeni lokushisa eliphakathi kuka--50°C (Ibanga 6) no--196°C (Ibanga 9% le-Ni 8), okwenza kube yisisombululo esithandwayo seningi lezicelo ze-petrochemical ezisezingeni eliphansi lokushisa.
Isigaba 8: Kungani Kufanele Ukhethe Insimbi Yomzimba Yamashubhu Angenamthungo Angenazinga Lokushisa Eliphansi angu-3.5Ni?
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa (Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa)
Xhumana ne-Womic Steel
Uma unemibuzo, usekelo lobuchwepheshe, noma ukucela ikhotheshini yezidingo zakho ezithile zeshubhu yokushisa okuphansi engu-3.5Ni ngaphansi kwe-ASTM A334 Grade 3 (noma amanye amazinga okushisa aphansi), sicela usithinte ngqo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-24-2026