Isingeniso: Izinsongo Ezifihliwe Ngaphakathi Kwesiyingi
Nakuba ukupholisa uketshezi kuletha ikhono lokuphatha ukushisa elingakaze libonwe ezikhungweni zedatha ze-AI ezinabantu abaningi, futhi kwethula isethi yezingozi izinhlelo zokupholisa umoya zendabuko ezingakaze zibhekane nazo. Ukucindezeleka, ukugqwala, kanye nokungcola kubhekwa njengezinto ezintathu "ezibulalayo ezingabonakali" zamapayipi okupholisa uketshezi. Uma kungashiywa kungalawulwa, imiphumela isukela ekusebenzeni kahle kokupholisa okuphazamisekile kuya ekwehlulekeni okuphelele kwama-rack aphelele.
Isiqondiso semboni esivela ku-ASHRAE sikhomba ukuhlanzeka kwe-coolant njengesidingo esiyinhloko sokusebenza okuthembekile kokupholisa uketshezi oluqondile oluya kuma-chip. Lokhu kusho ukwenza ukulungiswa nokuqapha njalo ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuwohloka koketshezi kanye nomonakalo kumaseva kanye nengqalasizinda. Ukuba nomqondo wokuthi "ugcwalise bese ukhohlwa" mayelana nokupholisa uketshezi kungabangela izinkinga ezinkulu.
Ukucindezela Okukhulu: Kusukela Ekukhathaleni Okuhamba Kancane Kuya Ekuqhekekeni Okungazelelwe
Umphumela Wokuxhumanisa Ukucindezela Nokushisa
Ukucindezela okukhulu kwesistimu kubangela uchungechunge lokwehluleka. Isiqondiso sobuchwepheshe se-ASHRAE TC 9.9 sigcizelela ukuthi izilinganiso zokucindezela zazo zonke izingxenye ze-Technology Cooling System (TCS) kumele ziqondwe njengengxenye yenqubo yokuklama. Uma ingcindezi kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yesistimu idlula izilinganiso zaleyo ngxenye, ingabangela isimo sokwehluleka—ikakhulukazi imishini ye-IT, lapho ingozi iwukwehluleka okubizayo.
Kunconywa imodeli ye-hydraulic ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-cascade yengcindezi iyaqondakala kuzo zonke izindawo ohlelweni. Ukuhlaziywa kwengcindezi kumele kufake izimo ezingaphandle kokusebenza okuvamile, okuzinzile, okuhlanganisa ukucindezela kokuhlanza nokugcwalisa, ukuphakama okungaguquki kwesistimu, ukucindezela okuphezulu okusethwe ama-valve okusiza ukucindezela kwesistimu, ukucindezela kwangaphambi kokushaja kwethangi lokukhulisa, kanye nohambo lwengcindezi ngesikhathi sokuxhuma noma ukunqamula imishini.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinga lokushisa nokucindezela kubaluleke ngokulinganayo. Ezimweni zokubala ezinobuningi obukhulu, i-loop yempendulo enhle ingakheka: ukukhuphuka komthwalo → ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa → ukukhuphuka kwengcindezi → ukukhuphuka kokucindezeleka kwesistimu → ukukhuphuka kwengozi yokwehluleka.
Izidingo Zokukhululeka Ekucindezelekeni Nokuphepha
I-IEC 62368-1 (Uhlelo lwesi-4) idinga ukuhlolwa kokuphepha kwengcindezi ye-hydrostatic okuphindwe ka-1.5 kunengcindezi yokusebenza ephezulu elinganisiwe. I-valve yokukhulula ingcindezi yesistimu kumele ibekwe ngaphansi kunengcindezi ephezulu elinganisiwe, okufanele abakhiqizi bemishini ye-IT bayicacise kuthempulethi yokushisa yomkhiqizo wabo. Abakhiqizi abaningi be-CDU banikeza ukwenza ngokwezifiso ama-valve okukhulula ingcindezi, okumele akhethwe futhi ahambisane nezidingo zesistimu.
Empeleni, izinhlelo zamapayipi angaphakathi e-CDU zivame ukuhlolwa ngengcindezi kungcindezi yokusebenza engu-1.5x. I-Vesfil, isibonelo, iqinisekisa ukujiya kodonga futhi yenza ukuhlaziywa kokucindezeleka ngokwe-ASME B31.3, ukusebenza kokuvikela ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu efika kubha engu-25 (360 psi).
Amasu Okuvimbela
Ukugqwala: Ukuguguleka Okungapheli Kokusabela Kwamakhemikhali Kagesi
Ukuhambisana kwezinto ezibonakalayo njengoMgca Wokuqala Wokuzivikela
Ukugqwala kuyingozi enkulu kakhulu ekufakweni kwamapayipi ensimbi. Ku-CDU, ukuconsa okukodwa kungabangela ukuvala okukhulu. Ukukhetha izinto kubalulekile: Insimbi engagqwali engu-316L isetshenziswa njengezinto ezijwayelekile zokusetshenziswa okuvamile, ehambisana kahle namanzi acwengekile kanye nezingxube zamanzi-glycol.
Ezindaweni eziqukethe i-chloride noma i-fluorinated fluid/mineral oil media, kudingeka ama-grade angu-316L noma ngaphezulu. Uma usebenza ngamanzi olwandle noma amanye ama-chloride anamandla, i-SMO254 iyama lapho insimbi engagqwali ejwayelekile ingase iqale ukuqhekeka khona; i-titanium inikeza ukukhetha okuphelele kwezimo ezigqwalayo kakhulu.
Uhlaka lwezinga elijwayelekile le-T/CAEE (征求意见稿) icacisa ukuthi kuma-coolants aqueous (amanzi, izixazululo ze-glycol), kunconywa i-06Cr19Ni10 (304), kuyilapho izindawo eziqukethe i-chloride noma imidiya kawoyela oketshezi/amaminerali e-fluorinated zidinga i-022Cr17Ni12Mo2 (316L) noma amazinga aphezulu..
Ukunyakaza: Ukulungiselela Okubalulekile Komphezulu
Ukudlulisa umoya ngendlela efanele kubalulekile ekumelaneni nokugqwala. Isiqondiso se-ASHRAE TC 9.9 sigcizelela ukuthi ingxenye yesistimu yamapayipi ENGAPHUMIWE ingafaka engozini ukusebenza kwesistimu yonke. Ukudlulisa umoya kungenziwa ezimweni zasefektri/esitolo (ukuhlanza okulawulwayo, ukuhambisa umoya ngamakhemikhali nge-nitric noma i-citric formulations, ukuhlanza ngokuphelele, ukomisa, kanye nokupakishwa) noma ensimini (ukuhlanza okulawulwayo, ukuhambisa umoya ngamakhemikhali, ukungathathi hlangothi, ukuhlanza ngokuphelele).
Ukuqinisekiswa kokudlula kufanele kuqinisekise ukususwa kwensimbi ekhululekile kanye nesimo sobuso esamukelekayo kusetshenziswa izindlela ezamukelekayo ezifana nesiqondiso se-ASTM A380/A967. Kumapayipi ensimbi engagqwali, izindawo zangaphakathi ezipholishiwe ngogesi ezifinyelela ku-Ra ≤0.6 μm (noma ngisho nangaphansi kuka-0.2 μm) zinikeza ukuvala okungcono kanye nokumelana okunamandla ekuhlaselweni ngamakhemikhali.
Ukuhambisana Kwezinto Zokuvala
Izivalo nama-gasket zivame ukunganakwa izingozi zokugqwala. Indinganiso yokukhishwa idinga ukuthi izinto zokuvala (ama-O-rings, ama-gaskets) zihambisane nendawo yokusebenza. Ngemva kokucwiliswa endaweni epholile echaziwe (izinga lokushisa × isikhathi), ushintsho lwevolumu kufanele lube phakathi kuka--5% no-+10%, kanti ushintsho lobunzima lungadluli ku-±5 Shore A.
Amasu Okuvimbela
Ukuhlanzeka: Inselele Yomjikelezo Wokuphila Okugcwele Kusukela Ekufakweni Kuya Ekusebenzeni
Usongo Lwezinhlayiya
Izinhlelo zokupholisa uketshezi zibekezelela ukungcola okuphansi kakhulu kunezinhlelo zokupholisa umoya. Amashaneli amancane e-cold plate mancane kakhulu futhi azwela kakhulu; izinhlayiya ezincane kakhulu zingavimba lezi ziteshi futhi zonakalise ukusebenza kokupholisa, noma okubi nakakhulu, zilimaze ama-chip noma zibangele ukungasebenzi.
Ucwaningo mayelana nokungcola kwe-heat exchanger lubonise ukwehla kokudluliselwa kokushisa okufika ku-14% kanye nokwenyuka kokwehla kokucindezela okufika ku-45% njengoba ukungcola kuqongelela. Ngenxa yokuthi amaseva e-AI anamuhla athembele ekugelezeni okuqondile kwe-coolant kanye nokususwa kokushisa, ngisho nezinkinga ezincane zekhwalithi yoketshezi zingandisa ingozi yokushisa, ukonakala kwemishini, kanye nesikhathi sokungasebenzi esingahleliwe.
Izindinganiso Nokuhlolwa Kokuhlanzeka
I-T/CAEE ejwayelekile ehlongozwayo icacisa izidingo zezinga lokuhlanzeka ngokusho kwe-ISO 4406 zokungcoliswa kwezinhlayiya eziqinile oketshezini. I-Vesfil isebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwe-DI water flush kanye nokubalwa kwezinhlayiya ngaphambi kokulethwa. Inhlangano ngayinye ihlolwa nge-helium mass spectrometry (≤1×10⁻⁶ mbar·L/s) kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-hydrostatic ku-1.5x yokusebenza kwengcindezi.
Kumapayipi ensimbi engagqwali, ukushisela okuzenzakalelayo kwe-orbital kukhiqiza ukushisela okufanayo, okugcwele ukungena, okuhlanzwe ngegesi okunciphisa ukungcoliswa. Kumasistimu e-polymer, ukushisela kwe-infrared (IR) kuyinqubo engathintani edala izibopho zama-molecule ezifanayo ngaphandle kwezinto zokugcwalisa noma amagesi okushisela, okususa izingozi zokungcoliswa.
Ukuqapha Nokuhlunga Okupholisayo
Umkhuba omuhle kakhulu embonini uncoma ukuhlolwa kwe-coolant ngezikhawu ezintathu okungenani: ekuqalisweni kokusungula isisekelo, minyaka yonke ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuvamile, kanye nezikhathi ezimbili ngonyaka zezinhlelo ezisekela imithwalo yemisebenzi ye-AI GPU yabantu abaningi. Ukuhlolwa kwe-coolant okuvamile kufana kakhulu nokuhlolwa kwegazi okuvamile kwabantu—kusiza ukuhlonza izinkinga ezikhulayo ngaphambi kokuba zithinte ukusebenza noma ukuthembeka.
Izihlungi zibalulekile ekugcineni ukuhlanzeka. Ekupholiseni uketshezi oluvaliwe, izihlungi zitholakala ezindaweni eziningi, kufaka phakathi ama-CDU kanye nama-Rear Door Heat Exchangers (RDHx). “Izihlungi zesokisi” ezilahlwayo zivame ukusetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokufakwa kanye nokuhlanza/ukuhlanza, kuyilapho izihlungi zensimbi ezisetshenziswa kabusha zisetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuvamile futhi zingahlanzwa.
Amasu Okuvimbela
Isiphetho: Indlela Yokuphatha Ingozi Ephelele
“Ababulali abangabonakali abathathu”—ukucindezela, ukugqwala, kanye nokuhlanzeka—kuxhumene. Imikhiqizo yokugqwala ingandisa ukungcola kwezinhlayiya; ukuhamba kwengcindezi kungasheshisa ukukhathala kanye nokwehluleka ezindaweni ezibuthakathaka; ukungcola kungasheshisa ukugqwala ngokudala amaseli e-galvanic asendaweni.
Indlela ephelele idinga:
Njengoba omunye umthombo wemboni ephawula, uhlelo lokuphathwa koketshezi olupholisa uketshezi oluchazwe kahle luvimbela lezi zimo. Ukutshalwa kwezimali ekuphathweni okusebenzayo kuncane uma kuqhathaniswa nezindleko ezingaba khona zokungasebenzi ezindaweni ezinobuningi be-AI.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-25-2026