1 Ayini Amapayipi Ebhoyila?

Amashubhu ebhoyila angamashubhu ensimbi angenamthungo aklanyelwephatha umusi ocindezelayo namanzi ashisayo ezinhlelweni zamabhoyilaLawa mashubhu kumele amelane:

l Amazinga okushisa aphezulu

l Umfutho ophezulu

l Ukwandiswa kwe-Thermal

l Ukubola kanye nokugqwala

Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile zifaka:

l Amapayipi odonga lwamanzi

l Amashubhu e-Superheater

Amashubhu e-Economizer

l Amapayipi omusi

Ngenxa yezimo zokusebenza ezibucayi,amashubhu ebhoyila angenamthungo athandwa kakhulu kunamashubhu ahlanganisiwengenxa yamandla azo aphezulu kanye nobuqotho besakhiwo.

Izindinganiso Ezimbili Ezivamile Zeshubhu Lebhoyila

Izindinganiso eziningana zomhlaba wonke zichaza imininingwane yamapayipi e-boiler asetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni zezimboni.

Okujwayelekile	Uhlobo Lweshubhu	Isicelo Esijwayelekile
I-ASTM A192	Ishubhu yebhoyila yensimbi yekhabhoni	Amabhoyila anomfutho ophezulu
I-ASTM A210	Ishubhu lensimbi yekhabhoni eliphakathi nendawo	Amashubhu ebhoyila kanye ne-superheater
I-ASTM A335	Ipayipi lensimbi ye-alloy	Ama-boiler okushisa okuphezulu
EN10216-2	Amapayipi okucindezela	Izinhlelo zebhoyila zaseYurophu
I-ASTM A213	I-alloy / ishubhu engagqwali	Ama-heat exchanger nama-superheater

Phakathi kwalezi,I-ASTM A192, i-ASTM A210, kanye ne-ASTM A335yizindinganiso ezisetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-boilers ezitshalo zamandla.

I-Womic Steel ikhiqiza amashubhu ebhoyila angenamthungo ngokuvumelana nazo zonke izindinganiso ezinkulu zomhlaba wonke, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekile ezindaweni zezimboni ezidinga kakhulu.

Amashubhu e-boiler e-ASTM A192 angu-3

I-ASTM A192 ingenye yezindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhuluamazinga eshubhu lebhoyila lensimbi yekhabhoningensizakalo yokucindezela okuphezulu.

Lawa mashubhu avame ukusetshenziswa ku-ama-boiler ezimboni, ama-boiler ezitshalo zamandla, kanye nama-heat exchanger.

Izici Eziyinhloko

l Ukwakheka kwensimbi ye-carbon ephansi

l Ukusebenza okuhle kokudlulisa ukushisa

l Kufanelekela isevisi enomfutho ophezulu

l Ukwenziwa kahle kakhulu

Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali Okuvamile

Isici	Okuqukethwe (%)
Ikhabhoni	≤0.18
I-Manganese	0.27 – 0.63
I-Phosphorus	≤0.035
I-Sulphur	≤0.035
I-Silicon	≤0.25

Izicelo Ezijwayelekile

l Amashubhu ebhoyila ezimboni

l Amabhoyila esitshalo samandla

l Izinhlelo zokukhiqiza umusi

l Abashintshi bokushisa

I-Womic Steel ikhiqiza amashubhu ebhoyila angenamthungo e-ASTM A192 anokubekezelelana okunembile kanye nokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi okuqinile, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekile ezinhlelweni ezicindezela kakhulu.

Amashubhu e-boiler e-ASTM A210 angu-4

I-ASTM A210 yenzelweamashubhu ebhoyila ensimbi yekhabhoni ephakathi nendawo kanye namashubhu e-superheater.

Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-ASTM A192, okunikezwayo kwe-ASTM A210amandla aphezulu kanye nokusebenza okungcono kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu.

Amabanga e-ASTM A210

Ibanga	Isicelo
Ibanga A1	Ama-boiler omfutho ophakathi
Ibanga C	Amashubhu e-superheater okushisa okuphezulu

Izicelo Ezijwayelekile

l Amashubhu e-superheater e-boiler

l Amapayipi omusi

l Amashubhu okushintshanisa ukushisa

l Amabhoyila ezimboni

Ngenxa yamandla ayo aphezulu,Amashubhu e-ASTM A210 asetshenziswa kabanzi ezinhlelweni zebhoyila ezinokushisa okuphakathi.

I-Womic Steel ikhiqiza amashubhu angenamthungo e-ASTM A210 esebenzisa izinqubo zokudweba ezibandayo ezithuthukisiwe kanye nokwelashwa kokushisa, ukuqinisekisa izakhiwo zemishini ezihambisanayo.

Amapayipi e-boiler ensimbi ye-ASTM A335 Alloy angu-5

Ngezinhlelo zezitshalo zamandla ezishisa kakhulu,amapayipi ensimbi e-alloy achazwe yi-ASTM A335zivame ukusetshenziswa.

Lawa mapayipi ahlinzekaukumelana okuhle kakhulu kokukhasa kanye nokumelana nokushiswa kwe-oxidationemazingeni okushisa aphezulu.

Amabanga ajwayelekile e-ASTM A335

Ibanga	Uhlobo lwe-alloy	Isicelo
P11	Insimbi ye-Cr-Mo alloy	Ama-boiler okushisa okuphakathi
P22	Insimbi ye-Cr-Mo alloy	Ama-boiler okushisa okuphezulu
I-P91	Insimbi ye-alloy ethuthukisiwe	Izitshalo zikagesi ezibaluleke kakhulu
I-P92	I-alloy yokumelana nokukhasa okuphezulu	Izitshalo zikagesi ezithuthukisiwe

6 Ukuqhathaniswa kwamapayipi ensimbi e-alloy e-P11, P22, kanye ne-P91

Impahla	P11	P22	I-P91
Izinto ze-alloy	I-Cr-Mo	I-Cr-Mo	I-Cr-Mo-V-Nb
Ukumelana Nokushisa	Okuphakathi nendawo	Phezulu	Phezulu Kakhulu
Ukumelana Nokuklebhuka	Okumaphakathi	Kuhle	Kuhle kakhulu
Isicelo Esijwayelekile	Amabhoyila ezimboni	Izitshalo zikagesi	Amabhoyila abaluleke kakhulu

P11

Kusetshenziswe ku-amapayipi omusi okushisa okuphakathi kanye nama-boiler ezimboni.

P22

Ihlinzeka ngconoamandla okushisa okuphezulu, evame ukusetshenziswa ku-izinhlelo ze-superheater zesitshalo samandla.

I-P91

Isimanjeinsimbi ye-alloy esebenza kahle kakhuluesetshenziswa kuizitshalo zamandla ezibaluleke kakhulu, ekwazi ukusebenza emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kakhulu kanye nokucindezeleka.

I-Womic Steel ikhiqiza amapayipi angenamthungo e-ASTM A335 P11, P22, kanye ne-P91 ngokwelashwa kokushisa okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokulawulwa okuqinile kwensimbi, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekile ezinhlelweni zebhoyila ezishisa kakhulu.

Inqubo Yokukhiqiza Ishubhu Lebhoyila Elingenamthungo engu-7

Amashubhu ebhoyila asezingeni eliphezulu adinga ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obuthuthukisiwe.

Izinyathelo zokukhiqiza ezijwayelekile zifaka:

lUkukhethwa Kwebhilethi Yensimbi
Ama-billet asezingeni eliphezulu akhethwa ukuze kukhiqizwe amashubhu.

lUkubhoboza Nokugingqa Okushisayo
Kwakha amashubhu angenalutho angenalutho.

lInqubo Yokudweba Okubandayo
Kuthuthukisa ukunemba kobukhulu kanye nokuphela kobuso.

lUkwelashwa Kokushisa
Ukulungisa, ukulungisa, noma ukuqinisa kuye ngebanga lezinto ezibonakalayo.

Ukuhlolwa Nokuhlolwa

Ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi kufaka phakathi:

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasonic

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Hydrostatic

Ukuhlolwa kwamanje kwe-Eddy

l Ukuhlaziywa kokwakheka kwamakhemikhali

Ukuhlolwa kwempahla yemishini

I-Womic Steel isebenzisa imigqa yokukhiqiza yesimanje kanye nezinqubo zokuhlola eziqinile, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi yonke ipayipi yebhoyila ihlangabezana nezindinganiso zekhwalithi zomhlaba wonke.

8 Ukunemba Okulinganayo Nokunemba Kweshubhu

Ngamapayipi ebhoyila,ukunemba kobukhulu kubalulekileukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile nokufakwa okufanele.

Ipharamitha	Ukulawula Okuvamile
Ukubekezelelana kwe-OD	±0.05 – ±0.10 mm
Ubukhulu bodonga	±7.5%
Ukuqonda	≤1/1000
Ukuvaleka	≤50% yokubekezelelana kwe-OD

Amapayipi okunemba adonswe ngokubandayo ahlinzekaukulawula okuhle kakhulu kobukhulu, okwenza zifaneleke ezinhlelweni zebhoyila ezisebenza kahle kakhulu.

9 Ukukhetha Izinto Ezifanele Zeshubhu Lebhoyila

Lapho bekhetha izinto zokufaka ipayipi lebhoyila, onjiniyela kumele bacabangele:

l Izinga lokushisa lokusebenza

l Ingcindezi yesistimu

l Indawo yokugqwala

l Izidingo zokudlulisa ukushisa

Izindleko nokutholakala

Iziqondiso ezijwayelekile zokukhetha zifaka:

lI-ASTM A192kuma-boiler ajwayelekile anomfutho ophezulu

lI-ASTM A210ngamapayipi e-superheater

lI-ASTM A335 P11/P22kwamapayipi okushisa okuphezulu

lI-ASTM A335 P91kwezitshalo zikagesi ezibaluleke kakhulu

Umkhiqizi wepayipi lebhoyila othembekile anganikezaukwesekwa kobuchwepheshe kokukhethwa kwezinto kanye nokuklama iphrojekthi.