Amashubhu ebhoyila ensimbi ye-ASTM A213 asetshenziswa kabanzi ezindaweni ezinokushisa okuphezulu kanye nokucindezela okuphezulu lapho amashubhu ensimbi yekhabhoni engase angasanikezi amandla anele omshini noma ukuzinza kokushisa. Lawa mashubhu aklanyelwe ngqo ukusebenzaama-superheater, ama-reheater, ama-heat exchanger, kanye nezinhlelo zama-boiler okushisa okuphezuluezisebenza ezitshalweni zikagesi, ezakhiweni ze-petrochemical, kanye nemishini yokufudumeza yezindawo zokuhluza.
Uma kuqhathaniswa namashubhu ebhoyila ensimbi yekhabhoni afana nalawaI-ASTM A192 kanye ne-ASTM A210, amashubhu ensimbi e-alloy achazwe ngaphansiImininingwane ye-ASTM A213ahlinzeka ngokumelana okuthuthukisiwe kakhulu nokukhukhuleka, ukushiswa kwe-oxidation, kanye nokucindezeleka kokushisa kwesikhathi eside. Ngenxa yalezi zinzuzo, amashubhu e-ASTM A213 avame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zamabhoyila ezitshalo zamandla zanamuhla lapho amazinga okushisa angadlula amakhulu amaningana ama-degree Celsius isikhathi eside sokusebenza.
Njengochwephesheumenzi wepayipi lebhoyila, I-Womic Steel ikhiqiza izinhlobo eziningi zamashubhu ebhoyila ensimbi ye-ASTM A213 alloy, kufaka phakathi amamaki afana nalawaI-T5, T9, T11, T12, T22, T91, nezinye izinsimbi ze-alloy ezishisa kakhuluLawa mashubhu asetshenziswa kabanzi ku-amapayipi e-superheater, amapayipi okuvuselela i-heater, kanye namapayipi okushintshanisa ukushisayamaphrojekthi omhlaba wonke wezamandla kanye nengqalasizinda yezimboni.
Imininingwane ye-ASTM A213 ihlanganisa amashubhu ensimbi e-ferritic ne-austenitic alloy angenamthungo ahloselwe isevisi yokushisa okuphezulu. Imininingwane ifaka phakathi amamaki ezinto eziningi aklanyelwe izimo zokusebenza ezahlukene. Amanye amamaki alungiselelwe izindawo zokushisa eziphakeme eziphakathi nendawo, kanti amanye aklanyelwe ukusetshenziswa kokushisa okuphezulu kakhulu kanye nengcindezi ezinhlelweni zokukhiqiza amandla ezithuthukisiwe.
Ama-grade ensimbi ye-alloy asetshenziswa kakhulu ngaphakathi kwe-ASTM A213 standard afaka phakathi izinsimbi eziningana ze-chromium-molybdenum alloy ezinikeza ukumelana okuthuthukisiwe ekuguqukeni kokushisa okuphezulu. Lezi zinto zisetshenziswa kabanzi kuma-boilers ezitshalo zamandla ngoba i-chromium ithuthukisa ukumelana ne-oxidation kuyilapho i-molybdenum ikhulisa amandla okuhamba.
Ngezansi umbono ophelele wezinhlobo eziningana zensimbi ye-ASTM A213 esetshenziswa kakhulu.
| Ibanga le-ASTM A213 | Izinto Eziyinhloko Ze-alloy | Isicelo Esijwayelekile |
| T5 | I-Chromium-Molybdenum | Ama-heat exchanger, ama-temperature boilers aphakathi nendawo |
| T9 | I-Chromium-Molybdenum | Amapayipi okushisa okuphezulu |
| T11 | 1.25Cr-0.5Mo | Amabhoyila esitshalo samandla |
| T12 | I-Chromium-Molybdenum | Imishini yokushisa okuphezulu |
| T22 | 2.25Cr-1Mo | Amashubhu e-Superheater kanye ne-reheater |
| I-T91 | Insimbi ye-alloy ethuthukisiwe | Amabhoyila abaluleke kakhulu |
Phakathi kwalezi zinto,Amashubhu ensimbi e-alloy e-ASTM A213 T11 kanye ne-ASTM A213 T22yizona ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni zamabhoyila ezimboni. Lawa mazinga anikeza amandla amahle kakhulu emazingeni okushisa aphezulu ngenkathi egcina ukushibilika okuhle kanye nezici zokwenziwa.
Amashubhu ensimbi e-alloy ye-ASTM A213 T11aqukethe cishe i-1.25% ye-chromium kanye ne-0.5% ye-molybdenum. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kunikeza ukumelana okuthuthukisiwe kwe-oxidation ekushiseni okuphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto zensimbi yekhabhoni ezifanaI-ASTM A192 kanye ne-ASTM A210Amashubhu e-T11 asetshenziswa kabanzi ku-amapayipi ebhoyila, amapayipi e-superheater, kanye namapayipi okushintshanisa ukushisaezindaweni zokuphehla ugesi.
Amashubhu ensimbi e-alloy ye-ASTM A213 T22aqukethe amazinga aphezulu e-chromium kanye ne-molybdenum, ngokuvamile acishe abe yi-2.25% ye-chromium kanye ne-1% ye-molybdenum. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kunikeza amandla okuhamba athuthukisiwe kakhulu kanye nokuzinza kokushisa kwesikhathi eside. Ngenxa yalezi zakhiwo, amashubhu e-T22 avame ukusetshenziswa kuizinhlelo ze-superheater zokushisa okuphezulu kanye namapayipi okuvuselela kabushaezitshalweni zikagesi zesimanje.
Umehluko wokwakheka kwamakhemikhali phakathi kwamashubhu ensimbi e-alloy e-T11 ne-T22 adlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni ukusebenza kwawo ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa okuphezulu. Ithebula elilandelayo libonisa ukuqhathanisa okulula phakathi kwalezi zinto ezimbili ezibalulekile zamashubhu ebhoyila.
| Izinto | Okuqukethwe kwe-Chromium | Okuqukethwe kwe-Molybdenum | Ibanga Lokushisa Elijwayelekile |
| T11 | ~1.25% | ~0.5% | Izinga lokushisa eliphakathi nendawo eliphezulu |
| T22 | ~2.25% | ~1.0% | Izicelo zokushisa okuphezulu |
Ngenxa yokwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-alloy,Amashubhu e-T22 ngokuvamile anikeza amandla okushisa aphezulu kanye nokumelana nokukhukhuleka okungcono kunamashubhu e-T11Kodwa-ke, amashubhu e-T11 asasetshenziswa kabanzi ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwawo okulinganiselayo kwamandla, ukushintshwa, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko.
Inqubo yokukhiqiza amashubhu ensimbi e-alloy ye-ASTM A213 iqala ngama-billet ensimbi e-alloy akhethwe ngokucophelela. Lawa ma-billet kumele ahlangabezane nezidingo eziqinile zokwakheka kwamakhemikhali ezichazwe yizinga le-ASTM. Uma izinto ze-billet seziqinisekisiwe, ziyashiswa futhi zibhobozwe ukuze zakhe igobolondo leshubhu elingenalutho kusetshenziswa inqubo yokubhoboza eshisayo efana nezinye izindlela zokukhiqiza amashubhu angenamthungo.
Ngemva kokuba ithubhu lokuqala elingenalutho selikhiqizwe, ukucutshungulwa okwengeziwe kungafaka phakathi ukugoqa okushisayo noma ukudweba okubandayo kuye ngezidingo zobukhulu bomkhiqizo wokugcina.Ukudweba okubandayo kuvame ukusetshenziswa lapho kudingeka ubukhulu obuphezulu bokunemba, ikakhulukaziamashubhu okushintshanisa ukushisa kanye nezinhlelo zamashubhu ebhoyilalapho kudingeka khona ukubekezelelana okuqinile.
I-Womic Steel isebenzisa imigqa yokukhiqiza yamashubhu angenamthungo ethuthukisiwe ekwazi ukukhiqiza amashubhu ensimbi e-ASTM A213 aqoshiwe ngokunembile.Lezi zindawo zokukhiqiza zifaka phakathi imishini yokudonsa ebandayo yesimanje, izitofu zokwelapha ukushisa, imishini yokuqondisa, kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlola ezingonakalisi. Ngezinqubo zokukhiqiza ezilawulwayo, i-Womic Steel iqinisekisa izakhiwo zemishini ezihambisanayo kanye nokunemba kobukhulu bepayipi ngalinye lebhoyila lensimbi ye-alloy.
Ukwelashwa ngokushisa kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwamashubhu ensimbi ye-ASTM A213 alloy. Izinsimbi ze-alloy ezifana ne-T11 kanye ne-T22 zidinga ukwelashwa ngokushisa okulawulwa ngokucophelela ukuze kufezwe isakhiwo esincane esifanele kanye nezakhiwo zemishini. Izinqubo zokulungisa nokulungisa zivame ukusetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa amandla, ukuqina, kanye nokumelana nokuguquguquka kokushisa.
Ngaphezu kokulawula ukukhiqiza, kudingeka izinqubo zokuhlola ikhwalithi eziqinile kumashubhu ebhoyila ensimbi ye-alloy. Ngenxa yokuthi la mashubhu asebenza ezindaweni ezidinga kakhulu, noma yikuphi ukukhubazeka ezintweni kungaholela ekwehlulekeni kwemishini.
Izinqubo zokuhlola ezijwayelekile zifaka:
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasonic ukuthola amaphutha angaphakathi
• Ukuhlolwa kwamanje kwe-Eddy kokukhubazeka kobuso
• Ukuhlolwa kwengcindezi ye-hydrostatic ukuqinisekisa ukumelana nengcindezi
• Ukuhlaziywa kokwakheka kwamakhemikhali kanye nokuhlolwa kwezakhiwo zemishini
At Insimbi YaseWomic, yonke inqwaba yamashubhu ebhoyila ensimbi ye-ASTM A213 ahlolwa ngekhwalithi ephelele ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa. Le nkampani igcina imishini yokuhlola ethuthukisiwe kanye namaqembu okuhlola anolwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nezindinganiso zomhlaba wonke okuhlanganisaI-ASTM A213, i-ASTM A210, i-ASTM A192, kanye ne-EN10216 P235GH.
Amashubhu ensimbi e-ASTM A213 asetshenziswa kabanzi ezinhlelweni zamabhoyila ezitshalo zamandla zesimanje. Kulezi zikhungo, amashubhu avame ukusetshenziswa njengeamashubhu e-superheater, amashubhu okuvuselela, kanye namashubhu okudlulisa ukushisa okushisa okuphezuluLezi zingxenye zisebenza ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa okukhulu lapho amazinga okushisa angadlula khona ama-500°C noma ngaphezulu ngisho nasezinhlelweni zokuphehla ugesi ezithuthukisiwe.
Ngenxa yokumelana kwazo okuhle kakhulu nokukhukhuleka kanye namandla okushisa aphezulu, izinto ezifanaI-ASTM A213 T11 kanye ne-ASTM A213 T22zibalulekile ekugcineni ukuthembeka kwalezi zinhlelo isikhathi eside. Amandla amashubhu ensimbi ahlanganisiwe okubekezelela imijikelezo yokucindezeleka kokushisa kanye nokuchayeka isikhathi eside emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwama-boilers kanye nama-heat exchanger iminyaka eminingi.
Ngaphezu kwezikhungo zokuphehla ugesi, amashubhu ensimbi e-ASTM A213 asetshenziswa kabanzi e-USizindawo zokuhlanza uwoyela, izitshalo ze-petrochemical, kanye nezinhlelo zokushisa zezimboniLezi zimboni zidinga izinto zokufaka amapayipi ezinokwethenjelwa ezikwazi ukuphatha uketshezi olushisa kakhulu kanye nezindawo ezigqwalayo ngenkathi zigcina ubuqotho besakhiwo.
Nginolwazi oluningi ekukhiqizeni amashubhu angenamthungo,I-Womic Steel inikeza amashubhu ensimbi e-ASTM A213 asezingeni eliphezulu kumakhasimende ezimboni zomhlaba wonkeLe nkampani inikeza uhla oluphelele lwezinto zokufaka amapayipi ebhoyila okuhlanganisaAmashubhu ensimbi yekhabhoni e-ASTM A192, amashubhu ebhoyila e-ASTM A210, amashubhu ensimbi e-alloy e-ASTM A213, kanye namashubhu ebhoyila angenamthungo e-EN10216 P235GH.
Ngaphezu kwamashubhu aqondile ajwayelekile, i-Womic Steel nayo inikezaizinsizakalo zokwenziwa ngokwezifiso zamapayipi okushintshanisa ukushisa, kufaka phakathiAmashubhu okugoba u-U, amashubhu e-serpentine, amashubhu okugoba amaningi, kanye nezinhlangano zamashubhu ezibunjwe ngendlela ekhethekileLezi zixazululo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zisekela izinkampani zobunjiniyela kanye nabakhiqizi bemishini ekwakheni izinhlelo zokudlulisa ukushisa eziphumelelayo.
Njengoba ingqalasizinda yamandla ezimboni iqhubeka nokukhula, isidingo sezinto zokushisa eziphakeme ezithembekile sihlala siqinile. Amashubhu ebhoyila ensimbi ye-alloy akhiqizwa ngokwencazelo ye-ASTM A213 azoqhubeka nokudlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwamandla kwanamuhla, ekucutshungulweni kwe-petrochemical, kanye nasezinhlelweni zokushintshanisa ukushisa kwezimboni.
Ngobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obuthuthukisiwe, izinqubo zokulawula ikhwalithi eziqinile, kanye nolwazi olubanzi ekukhiqizeni amashubhu angenamthungo,I-Womic Steel iyaqhubeka nokuhlinzeka ngamapayipi ebhoyila ensimbi ye-alloy esebenza kahle kakhulu kumaphrojekthi ezimboni omhlaba wonkeIzinto ezifana ne-ASTM A213 T11 kanye ne-T22 zisalokhu ziyizingxenye ezibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza okuphephile nokusebenza kahle kwezinhlelo zamabhoyila zesimanje.
Umkhiqizi Weshubhu Yebhoyila Yensimbi Ye-Womic - Ulwazi Lokuxhumana
I-Womic Steel ingumkhiqizi ochwepheshe ogxile kumashubhu ebhoyila angenamthungo, amashubhu okunemba adonswa ngokubandayo, amashubhu okushintshanisa ukushisa, namashubhu e-U bend kumaphrojekthi ezimboni omhlaba wonke. Ngemishini yokukhiqiza ethuthukisiwe kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula ikhwalithi eziqinile, i-Womic Steel inikeza izixazululo zamashubhu ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ezihambisana nezindinganiso ezinkulu zomhlaba wonke kufaka phakathi i-ASTM A192, i-ASTM A210, i-ASTM A213, i-EN10216 P235GH, kanye nezinsimbi ezahlukahlukene ze-alloy kanye nezinsimbi ezingagqwali.
Njengomkhiqizi wamashubhu ebhoyila onolwazi, i-Womic Steel inikeza imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene efana namashubhu ebhoyila angenamthungo, amashubhu adonswayo abandayo, amashubhu ebhoyila ensimbi e-alloy, amashubhu okushintshanisa ukushisa ensimbi engagqwali, kanye namashubhu e-U bend enziwe ngokwezifiso. Le mikhiqizo isetshenziswa kabanzi ezitshalweni zikagesi, kuma-boyila ezimboni, ezindaweni zikaphethroli, ezindaweni zokuhluza, kanye nasezinhlelweni zokushintshanisa ukushisa.
I-Womic Steel iyakwazi ukukhiqiza izimo zamashubhu ezenziwe ngokwezifiso kufaka phakathi amashubhu e-U, amashubhu e-serpentine, amashubhu e-multi-bend, namashubhu e-coil, isekela izinkampani zobunjiniyela nabakhiqizi bemishini abanomthamo wokukhiqiza onokwethenjelwa kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo eqhubekayo.
Ngamaqembu okukhiqiza ochwepheshe kanye nemigqa yokukhiqiza yesimanje, i-Womic Steel iqinisekisa ikhwalithi ezinzile, ubukhulu obuqondile, kanye nokulethwa okuthembekile kuyo yonke iphrojekthi.
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