Amapayipi amakhemikhali namavalvu kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokukhiqizwa kwamakhemikhali futhi kuyisixhumanisi phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zemishini yamakhemikhali. Amavalvu ama-5 avame kakhulu kumapayipi amakhemikhali asebenza kanjani? Inhloso eyinhloko? Ayini amapayipi amakhemikhali namavalvu okufaka? (izinhlobo ezingu-11 zamapayipi + izinhlobo ezingu-4 zokufaka + amavalvu angu-11) amapayipi amakhemikhali lawa mathuluzi, ukuqonda okugcwele!
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Amavalvu amakhulu ayi-11
Idivayisi esetshenziswa ukulawula ukugeleza koketshezi epayipini ibizwa ngokuthi i-valve. Imisebenzi yayo eyinhloko yile:
Vula futhi uvale indima - nqamula noma xhumana nokugeleza koketshezi epayipini;
Ukulungiswa – ukulungisa izinga lokugeleza koketshezi epayipini, ukugeleza;
Ukugoqana – ukugeleza koketshezi ngevalvu, okuholela ekwehleni okukhulu kwengcindezi.
Ukuhlukaniswa:
Ngokusho indima valve epayipini ihlukile, zingahlukaniswa zibe valve cut-off (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-globe valve), valve throttle, valve isheke, valve ukuphepha nokunye;
Ngokusho kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zesakhiwo, ama-valve angahlukaniswa ngama-valve esango, ipulaki (evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-Cocker), ama-valve ebhola, ama-valve e-butterfly, ama-valve e-diaphragm, ama-valve anemigqa njalo njalo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokwezinto zokwakha ezahlukene ze-valve, ihlukaniswe ngama-valve ensimbi engagqwali, ama-valve ensimbi ephonswe, ama-valve ensimbi ephonswe, ama-valve epulasitiki, ama-valve e-ceramic nokunye.
Ukukhetha ama-valve ahlukahlukene kungatholakala ezincwadini ezifanele kanye namasampula, izinhlobo zama-valve ezivame kakhulu kuphela ezethulwa lapha.
①Ivalvu Yesihlabathi
Ngenxa yesakhiwo esilula, okulula ukusenza nokunakekela, sisetshenziswa kabanzi kumapayipi anomfutho ophansi nophakathi. Sifakwa esiqwini sevalvu ngaphansi kwediski yevalvu eyindilinga (ikhanda levalvu) kanye nengxenye yeflange yomzimba wevalvu (isihlalo sevalvu) ukuze kufezwe injongo yokunqamula ukugeleza koketshezi.
Isiqu se-valve singalungiswa ngokuphakamisa intambo, izinga lokuvula i-valve lidlale indima ethile ekulawulweni. Ngenxa yomphumela wokunqunywa kwe-valve, incike ekhanda le-valve kanye nesihlalo, uphawu lokuxhumana, olungafanele ukusetshenziswa epayipini eliqukethe izinhlayiya eziqinile zoketshezi.
I-Globe Valve ingasetshenziswa ngokwezici zemidiya ukukhetha ikhanda le-valve elifanele, isihlalo, izinto zegobolondo. Ukuze usebenzise i-valve ngenxa yokuvalwa okubi noma ikhanda, isihlalo nezinye izingxenye ze-valve zonakaliswe, ungathatha ummese olula, ukugaya, ukumboza kanye nezinye izindlela zokulungisa nokusebenzisa, ukuze wandise impilo ye-valve.
②Ivalvu Yesango
Iqonde ngqo lapho i-media flow igeleza khona yipuleti elilodwa noma amabili ayisicaba, kanye nobuso bokuvala umzimba we-valve ukuze kufezwe injongo yokuvala. Ipuleti le-valve liphakanyiswa ukuze kuvulwe i-valve.
Ipuleti eliyisicaba elinokujikeleza kwesiqu se-valve kanye nokuphakamisa, ngobukhulu bokuvula ukulawula ukugeleza koketshezi. Lokhu kumelana ne-valve kuncane, ukusebenza kahle kokuvala, konga abasebenzi ngokushintshana, kufaneleka kakhulu kumapayipi amakhulu, kodwa isakhiwo se-valve yesango siyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kunezinhlobo eziningi.
Ngokusho kwesakhiwo sesiqu, kuneziqu ezivulekile nezimnyama; ngokusho kwesakhiwo sepuleti ye-valve, ihlukaniswe ngohlobo lwe-wedge, uhlobo oluhambisanayo nokunye.
Ngokuvamile, ipuleti levalvu lohlobo lwe-wedge liyipuleti elilodwa levalvu, kanti uhlobo oluhambisanayo lusebenzisa amapuleti amabili evalvu. Uhlobo oluhambisanayo kulula ukulwenza kunohlobo lwe-wedge, ukulungiswa okuhle, ukusetshenziswa akulula ukuguquguquka, kodwa akufanele kusetshenziswe ekuthuthweni kokungcola epayipini loketshezi, kakhulu ekuthuthweni kwamanzi, igesi ehlanzekile, uwoyela kanye neminye imipayipi.
③Amavalvu okufaka iplagi
I-plug ivame ukwaziwa ngokuthi i-Cocker, ukusetshenziswa komzimba we-valve ukufaka imbobo ephakathi ne-plug eyindilinga ukuvula nokuvala ipayipi.
Ipulaki ngokwezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuvala, ingahlukaniswa ibe yipulaki yokupakisha, ipulaki evalwe ngowoyela kanye nepulaki yokupakisha engekho njalo njalo. Isakhiwo sepulaki silula, ubukhulu obuncane bangaphandle, sivuleka futhi sivalwe ngokushesha, kulula ukusebenza, ukumelana noketshezi okuncane, kulula ukwenza ukusatshalaliswa kwezindlela ezintathu noma ezine noma ivalvu yokushintsha.
Indawo yokuvala iplagi inkulu, kulula ukuyigqoka, iyashintsha iyakhathaza, akulula ukulungisa ukugeleza, kodwa inqanyulwa ngokushesha. Iplagi ingasetshenziswa ekucindezelweni okuphansi kanye nokushisa noma okuphakathi okuqukethe izinhlayiya eziqinile epayipini loketshezi, kodwa akufanele isetshenziselwe ukucindezela okuphezulu, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme noma ipayipi lomusi.
④Ivalvu Yokugoqa Umphini
Ingeyohlobo olulodwa lwe-globe valve. Isimo sekhanda layo le-valve si-conical noma silula, esingalawula kangcono ukugeleza koketshezi olulawulwayo noma i-throttling kanye nokulawulwa kwengcindezi. I-valve idinga ukunemba okuphezulu kokukhiqiza kanye nokusebenza kahle kokuvala.
Isetshenziswa kakhulu ekulawuleni izinsimbi noma ukusampula kanye neminye imipayipi, kodwa akufanele isetshenziselwe ukujiya kanye nezinhlayiya eziqinile epayipini.
⑤Ivalvu Yebhola
I-valve yebhola, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-valve yesikhungo sebhola, uhlobo lwe-valve oluthuthuke ngokushesha eminyakeni yamuva. Isebenzisa ibhola elinembobo phakathi nendawo njengesikhungo se-valve, ithembele ekujikelezeni kwebhola ukulawula ukuvulwa noma ukuvalwa kwe-valve.
Ifana nepulaki, kodwa incane kunobuso bokuvala bepulaki, isakhiwo esincane, ukushintshanisa konga abasebenzi, isetshenziswa kabanzi kakhulu kunepulaki.
Ngokuthuthukiswa kokunemba kokukhiqiza ama-ball valve, ama-ball valve awasetshenziswa kuphela kumapayipi anomfutho ophansi, futhi asetshenziswe kumapayipi anomfutho ophakeme. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yemikhawulo yezinto zokuvala, awafanele ukusetshenziswa kumapayipi anokushisa okuphezulu.
⑥ Amavalvu e-Diaphragm
Amavalvu e-diaphragm enjoloba atholakala kakhulu. Ukuvulwa nokuvalwa kwale valve kuyi-diaphragm yenjoloba ekhethekile, i-diaphragm iboshwe phakathi komzimba we-valve kanye nesembozo se-valve, futhi idiski engaphansi kwesiqu se-valve icindezela i-diaphragm ngokuqinile emzimbeni we-valve ukuze kufezwe ukuvalwa.
Le valve inesakhiwo esilula, ukuvala okuthembekile, ukulungiswa okulula kanye nokumelana noketshezi okuphansi. Ifanelekela ukudlulisa imithombo ye-acidic kanye nemipayipi ye-fluid enezinhlayiya ezilengayo, kodwa ngokuvamile akufanele isetshenziselwe ukucindezela okuphezulu noma amazinga okushisa aphezulu kunepayipi le-60 ℃, akufanele isetshenziselwe ukudlulisa izinyibilikisi eziphilayo kanye nemithombo ye-oxidizing enamandla epayipini.
⑦ Hlola i-Valve
Yaziwa nangokuthi ama-valve angabuyisi noma ama-valve okuhlola. Ifakwa epayipini ukuze uketshezi lukwazi ukugeleza ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela, futhi ukugeleza okuphambene akuvunyelwe.
Luhlobo lwevalvu yokuvala ezenzakalelayo, kukhona ivalvu noma ipuleti elinyakazayo emzimbeni wevalvu. Lapho i-medium igeleza kahle, uketshezi luzovula ngokuzenzakalelayo i-flap yevalvu; lapho uketshezi lugeleza emuva, uketshezi (noma amandla entwasahlobo) luzovala ngokuzenzakalelayo i-flap yevalvu. Ngokwesakhiwo esihlukile sevalvu yokuhlola, ihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili zohlobo lokuphakamisa nolwe-swing.
I-lift check valve flap iqonde ngqo ekunyakazeni kokuphakamisa isiteshi se-valve, ngokuvamile isetshenziswa kumapayipi avundlile noma aqondile; i-rotary check valve flap ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-rocker plate, uhlangothi lwe-rocker plate luxhunywe ku-shaft, i-rocker plate ingajikeleziswa izungeze i-shaft, i-rotary check valve ivame ukufakwa kumapayipi avundlile, ngoba ububanzi obuncane bungafakwa kumapayipi avundlile, kodwa naka ukugeleza akufanele kube kukhulu kakhulu.
I-valve yokuhlola ngokuvamile isebenza kumapayipi e-media ahlanzekile, aqukethe izinhlayiya eziqinile kanye nokuthamba kwepayipi le-media akufanele kusetshenziswe. Ukusebenza okuvaliwe kwe-valve yokuhlola uhlobo lokuphakamisa kungcono kunohlobo lokujikeleza, kodwa ukumelana koketshezi lwe-valve yokuhlola uhlobo lokujikeleza kuncane kunohlobo lokuphakamisa. Ngokuvamile, i-valve yokuhlola yokujikeleza ifaneleka kumapayipi amakhulu e-caliber.
⑧Ivalvu Yebhabhathane
I-Butterfly valve iyidiski ejikelezayo (noma idiski eyisiyingi) yokulawula ukuvulwa nokuvalwa kwepayipi. Iyisakhiwo esilula, ubukhulu obuncane bangaphandle.
Ngenxa yesakhiwo sokuvala kanye nezinkinga zezinto ezibonakalayo, ukusebenza kwe-valve evaliwe kubi, kuphela ngokulawulwa kwepayipi elinomfutho ophansi, elinobubanzi obukhulu, elivame ukusetshenziswa ekudlulisweni kwamanzi, umoya, igesi kanye nezinye izinto ezisetshenziswayo epayipini.
⑨ I-Valve Yokunciphisa Ukucindezela
Ukunciphisa ingcindezi ephakathi nendawo ibe yinani elithile le-valve ezenzakalelayo, ingcindezi ejwayelekile ngemuva kwe-valve ibe ngaphansi kwama-50% wengcindezi ngaphambi kwe-valve, encike kakhulu ku-diaphragm, intwasahlobo, i-piston nezinye izingxenye ze-medium ukulawula umehluko wengcindezi phakathi kwe-valve flap kanye negebe lesihlalo se-valve ukuze kufezwe injongo yokunciphisa ingcindezi.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamavalvu okunciphisa ingcindezi, i-common piston kanye ne-diaphragm type 2.
⑩ i-lining valve
Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukugqwala kwendawo yokuxhumana, amanye amavalvu kudingeka afakwe izinto ezingamelani nokugqwala (njenge-lead, irabha, i-enamel, njll.) emzimbeni wevalvu kanye nekhanda levalvu, izinto zokuxhumanisa kufanele zikhethwe ngokwesimo sendawo yokuxhumana.
Ukuze kube lula ukufaka ulwelwesi, amavalvu anemigqa akhiwe kakhulu ngohlobo lwe-engeli yesokudla noma uhlobo lokugeleza okuqondile.
⑪Amavalvu okuphepha
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kokukhiqizwa kwamakhemikhali, ohlelweni lwamapayipi ngaphansi kwengcindezi, kukhona idivayisi yokuphepha ehlala njalo, okungukuthi, ukukhethwa kobukhulu obuthile beshidi lensimbi, njengokufaka ipuleti eliyimpumputhe elifakwe ekugcineni kwepayipi noma i-tee interface.
Uma ingcindezi epayipini ikhuphuka, ishidi liyaphuka ukuze kufezwe injongo yokunciphisa ingcindezi. Amapuleti okuqhekeka ngokuvamile asetshenziswa kumapayipi anomfutho ophansi, anobubanzi obukhulu, kodwa kumapayipi amaningi amakhemikhali anama-valve okuphepha, ama-valve okuphepha ayizinhlobo eziningi, angahlukaniswa kabanzi ngezigaba ezimbili, okungukuthi, uhlobo olune-spring kanye nohlobo lwe-lever.
Amavalvu okuphepha agcwele intwasahlobo athembele kakhulu emandleni entwasahlobo ukuze afinyelele ekuvalekeni. Lapho ingcindezi epayipini idlula amandla entwasahlobo, ivalvu ivulwa yi-medium, bese uketshezi olusepayipini lukhishwa, ukuze ingcindezi inciphe.
Uma ingcindezi epayipini yehla ngaphansi kwamandla entwasahlobo, ivalvu iyavala futhi. Amavalvu okuphepha ohlobo lwe-lever athembele kakhulu emandleni esisindo esise-lever ukuze kufezwe ukuvalwa, isimiso sokusebenza nohlobo lwentwasahlobo. Ukukhetha ivalvu yokuphepha, kusekelwe ekucindezelweni kokusebenza kanye nokushisa kokusebenza ukuze kunqunywe izinga lokucindezela elijwayelekile, usayizi we-caliber yayo ungabalwa ngokubhekisela ezimisweni ezifanele zokunquma.
Uhlobo lwesakhiwo sevalvu yokuphepha, izinto zevalvu kufanele zikhethwe ngokuya ngohlobo lwendawo yokusebenza, izimo zokusebenza. Ingcindezi yokuqala, ukuhlolwa nokwamukelwa kwevalvu yokuphepha kunezinhlinzeko ezikhethekile, ukulinganiswa okuvamile ngumnyango wezokuphepha, ukuphrinta uphawu, okusetshenziswayo akufanele kulungiswe ngokungahleliwe ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-01-2023