Ukubuka konke kwezinto zokwakha i-alloy
Ukuchazwa kwe-alloy
Ingxubevange ye-homogeneous ehlanganiswe ngezinsimbi ezimbili noma ngaphezulu, noma inhlanganisela yezinsimbi nezinto ezingezona zensimbi, ezinezici zensimbi. Umqondo ngemuva komklamo we-Alloy ukuhlanganisa izinto ngendlela yokuthi wenze kahle izakhiwo zemishini, zomzimba, nezamakhemikhali ukuze uhlangabezane nezidingo ezithile zezicelo ezahlukahlukene.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinto zokwakha ze-alloy
Izinto ze-Alloy zingahlukaniswa ngokususelwa ezintweni zazo eziphambili ezikhethekile nezindawo ezilandelayo:
● Ama-alloys we-Ferrous:Lawa ngama-alloys asuselwa kwinsimbi anezakhi ezingeziwe ezifana nekhabhoni, i-manganese, kanye ne-silicon, ikakhulukazi ezisetshenziswa ezimbonini ezenziwe ngensimbi kanye nokusakaza.
● Ama-Alluminium Alloys:Lawa ngama-alloys asuselwa ku-Aluminium anezinto ezifana ne-Copper, i-magnesium, ne-zinc, eyaziwa ngokuba engasindi, eqinile, nokuba nokuvuselelwa okuhle kanye nezakhiwo ezishisayo.
● Ama-alloys ethusi:Lawa ngama-alloys asuselwa kwikhonkolo anezakhi ezingeziwe njenge-zinc, i-tin, kanye nokuhola, enikeza ukuvumelanisa okuhle, ukumelana nokuqina, kanye nokusebenza.
● Ama-magnesium alloys:Ama-alloys asuselwa ku-magnesinuum, avame ukuhlanganiswa ne-aluminium, i-zinc, kanye manganese, yizinye izinsimbi ezilula kakhulu ezihlelekile nokuvinjwa kokushisa.
● Ama-alloyl ama-nickel:Ama-alloys asuselwa ku-nickel aqukethe izinto ezinjenge-chromium, i-iron, kanye ne-cobalt, futhi abonise ukumelana okuvelele kokugqwala kanye nokusebenza okushisa okuphezulu.
● Ama-alloys e-titanium:Yaziwa ngamandla abo aphezulu, ubuningi obuphansi, kanye nokuphikiswa okuhlukile kokugqwala, ama-alloys asuselwa ku-titanium asetshenziswa kabanzi ezinhlelweni ze-aerospace.
Ama-alloys we-ferrous
Ukwakheka kanye nezakhiwo ze-Ferrous Alloys
Ama-alloys we-ferrous ahlanganiswe nensimbi enezinto ezahlukahlukene ezenziwayo ezithuthukisa izakhiwo zazo zemishini. Izinto ezijwayelekile zifaka:
● Ikhabhoni:Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ezabekayo, okuqukethwe okuhlukahlukene kwekhabhoni kuma-aloys we-ferrous kuthinta ubunzima nobunzima. Ama-alloys aphezulu wekhabhoni anikela ngobulukhuni obukhulu kepha ubulukhuni obuncane.
● Silicon:USilicon uthuthukisa amandla nokuqina kwama-alloys we-ferrous futhi kuvame ukusetshenziswa kuma-solicon-iron alloys e-wetmaking njenge-deoxidizer e-deoxidizer ne-ejenti ye-alent.
● IManganese:I-Manganese ibalulekile ngokwandisa amandla nobulukhuni be-aroys ye-ferrous, kanye nama-alromanganese alloys abalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukumelana nokuqina kwensimbi.
● Chromium:Ama-alloys we-chromium-iron anikezela ukumelana okuhle kakhulu kokugqwala kanye namandla aphezulu okushisa, asetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwensimbi engenasici kanye nensimbi ekhethekile.
Izicelo ze-Ferrous Alloys
I-Ferrous Alloys isetshenziswa kabanzi kuyo yonke imboni ehlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi:
● Imboni ebabayo:I-Ferrous Alloys iyizengezo ezibalulekile ekukhiqizeni insimbi, esetshenziselwa ukuguqula ukwakheka kwensimbi futhi kuthuthukise izakhiwo zayo.
● Imboni yokuphonsa:Ezinhlelweni zokuphonsa, ama-alloys anobuhlakani athuthukisa izakhiwo zemishini nokuqina kwemikhiqizo ye-cast yensimbi.
● Izinto ze-Welding:I-Ferrous Alloys isetshenziswa ekwenziweni kwezinduku ze-welding kanye ne-flux ukuqinisekisa amalunga asezingeni eliphakeme.
● Izimboni zamakhemikhali nezomanyolo:I-Ferrous Alloys isebenza njengama-catalysts kanye nokunciphisa ama-ejenti ekukhiqizweni kwamakhemikhali kanye nokwengeza umanyolo.
● Workorking:Ama-alloys we-ferrous asetshenziswa kumathuluzi afana nokusika izinsimbi nokukhulisa, ukuthuthukisa ukuqina kwawo kanye nokusebenza kahle.
I-Aluminium Alloys
Izici ezibalulekile ze-Aluminium Alloys
Ama-Aluminium Alloys adume ngenxa yamandla abo angasindi, aphezulu, futhi akulungile ukucubungula, okwenza abe ebalulekile kwizimboni zanamuhla. Izici ezibalulekile zifaka:
● Engasindi:I-Aluminium Alloys inobuningi obuphansi be-2.7 g / cm³, okwenza balungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukuncishiswa kwesisindo.
● Amandla aphezulu:Ngokusebenzisa ukwelashwa okujabulisayo nokushisa, ama-aluminium alloys angathola amandla aphezulu ashubile, ane-alloys edlula i-500 MPA.
● Ukuba ngcono okuhle:I-Aluminium Emsulwa ingumqhubi omuhle kagesi omuhle kakhulu nokushisa, kanye ne-aluminium alloys igcina ingxenye ebalulekile yalezi zindawo.
● Ukuphikiswa kokugqwala:I-oxide ye-oxide ungqimba amafomu ngaphezulu kwama-aluminium alloys, enikeza ukumelana okuhle kakhulu, futhi izindlela zokwelapha ezikhethekile zingaphinde zithuthukise le mpahla.
● Ukulula ukucubungula:I-Aluminium Alloys ibonisa i-plastiki enhle, ibenze bafanelekele ukusakaza, ukukhishwa, kanye nezinqubo.
Amabanga kanye nezicelo ze-aluminium alloys
Ama-Aluminium Alloys ahlukaniswa ngokususelwa ezintweni zawo eziphambili zokuhlanganisa kanye nezakhiwo. Amanye amamaki ajwayelekile afaka:
● I-1XXX Series:I-aluminium emsulwa, enokuqukethwe okungaphezulu kuka-99,00% we-aluminium, esetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko embonini kagesi kanye nezimpahla zabathengi zansuku zonke.
● I-2xxx Series:I-Copper yinto eyisisekelo yokwenza izintokwane, ngcono kakhulu amandla ngemuva kokwelashwa okushisa, okuvame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ze-aerospace.
● Uchungechunge lwe-3xxx:IManganese iyinto ebalulekile yokuqalisa, enikeza ukumelana kahle kokugqwala, esetshenziswa kabanzi kwezinto zokwakha nezakhiwo.
● Uchungechunge lwe-4xxx:I-Silicon yinto ebalulekile ethokozisayo, enikeza ukumelana nokushisa kanye nezakhiwo ezinhle ze-welding, zilungele izinto zokushisa kanye nezinto ezivimbela ukushisa.
● I-5XXX Series:I-Magnesium yinto eyisisekelo yokwenza izintokwane, enikeza izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini kanye nokuphikiswa kokugqwala, okusetshenziswa ezimbonini zasolwandle, zezimoto, nasezimbonini zase-aerospace.
● I-6xxx Series:I-Magnesium kanye ne-silicon yizinto eziphambili zokuqalisa, ukuhlinzeka ngamandla amahle nokusebenza, okuvame ukusetshenziswa ezintweni zokwakha.
● Uchungechunge lwe-7xxx:I-zinc iyinto eyisisekelo ebonakalayo, futhi lezi ze-alloys zinikeza amandla aphezulu kakhulu, ezivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlakeni zezindiza nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezinamandla.
● Uchungechunge lwe-8xxx:Aqukethe ezinye izinto ezinjenge-iron ne-nickel, enikeza amandla amahle nokuqhutshwa, ikakhulukazi okusetshenziswa embonini kagesi.
I-Aluminium Alloys isetshenziswa emikhakheni ehlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi:
● i-aerospace:I-Aluminiught engasindi futhi yamandla aphezulu ama-aluminium abalulekile kwizakhiwo zezindiza kanye nezinto.
● Ukuhamba:I-Aluminium Alloys isetshenziselwa ukwenza izinto ezingasindi kwezithuthi nezitabelezi, ngcono ukusebenza kahle kaphethiloli.
● Imboni kagesi:I-Aluminium iyinto ekhethwayo yezintambo nama-transformers
● Ukwakha:I-Aluminium Alloys isetshenziswa kabanzi ezinhlakeni zezakhiwo, amafreyimu wewindows, iminyango kanye nophahla ngenxa yamandla awo, ukumelana nokugqwala, nokubukeka kobuhle.
● Ukupakisha:I-Aluminium Alloys, ikakhulukazi ngesimo sama-foils namathini, isetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yokupakisha ngoba iyi-lightweight, ayinazo ubuthi, futhi iphinde iphinde isebenze.
Ama-ropper alloys
Ukwakheka kanye nezakhiwo zama-alloys ethuni
I-Copper Alloys yaziwa ngokuvuka kwayo okuhle kakhulu kogesi kanye nokukhalipha, ukumelana nokugqwala, kanye nokubulula. Ama-alloys ajwayelekile weCopper afaka:
● I-Brass (I-Copper-Zic Alloy):Owaziwa ngamandla awo, i-decticiki, kanye nokumelana nokugqwala, ithusi livame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zemishini, amapayipi, nezinsimbi zomculo.
● I-Bronze (I-Copper-Th Alloy):Le alloy inikeza ukumelana nokuqina okuphakeme, ubulukhuni, futhi ugqoke ukumelana, okuvame ukusetshenziswa kuma-bearings, ama-bushings kanye nezicelo zasolwandle.
● Ama-Alloys we-Copper-Nickel:Lezi ze-alloys zinikezela ngokumelana kahle nokugqwala ezindaweni zasemanzini, ukuzenza zilungele amapulatifomu ezimikhumbi, amapulatifomu aphesheya kwezilwandle, nezitshalo zokuncipha.
● I-Beryllium Copper:Ngamandla aphezulu, ubulukhuni kanye nokumelana nokugqwala, ithusi le-beryllium livame ukusetshenziswa kwizinsimbi zokunemba, izixhumi zikagesi nasemipheni.
Izicelo zeCopper Alloys
I-Copper Alloys isebenzisa uhla olubanzi lwezimboni ngenxa yokusebenza kwazo kanye nezindawo ezihlukile:
● Imboni kagesi:I-Copper Alloys isetshenziswa kabanzi kwizixhumi zikagesi, izintambo, kanye nezinto ngenxa yokusebenza kwawo okuhle.
● Amapayipi kanye nokusingathwa koketshezi:I-Brass ne-Bronze imvamisa isetshenziselwa ama-valve, ukufakwa kwezinsimbi, nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zamapayipi ngenxa yokuphikiswa kwabo kokugqwala.
● Imboni yasolwandle:Ama-alloys we-Copper-Nickel athandwa ngezicelo zasolwandle ngenxa yokumelana kwawo okuhle kakhulu ekugcekeni kwamanzi olwandle.
● Ubunjiniyela obunembile:I-Beryllium Copper isetshenziswa kumathuluzi, imishini engakhangi, kanye nezinto zokunemba ngenxa yamandla ayo nokuqina kwayo.
Ama-magnesium alloys
Izici ze-Magnesium Alloys
Ama-magnesium ama-alloys yizinsimbi ezilula kakhulu ezakhiwo, ezinesilinganiso esihle kakhulu sokuqina kwesisindo, ukumunca ukushaqeka, kanye nemishini. Izakhiwo ezibalulekile zifaka:
● Engasindi:I-Magnesium Alloys ilula kune-aluminium kanye ne-78% elikhanyayo kunensimbi, ukuzenza zilungele izinhlelo ezibucayi zesisindo.
● Imishini emihle:Ama-magnesium alloys anemishini enhle kakhulu, evumela izingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi eziqondile zenziwe kahle.
● Ukutholwa ukushaqeka:Lezi ze-alloys zinezakhiwo ezinhle zokumukisa ukushaqeka, zibenze zilusizo ezingeni lezinto ezisebenzayo nezama-aerospace.
● Ukuvimbela Ukushisa:I-Magnesium Alloys inikezela ngokudicilela phansi okusebenzayo kokushisa, okubalulekile kwezomnotho kanye nezinto zokushisa okuphezulu.
Izicelo ze-Magnesium Alloys
Ngenxa yokungasindi futhi amandla, ama-magnesium asetshenziswa ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene:
● Imboni yezimoto:I-Magnesium Alloys isetshenziswa ezingxenyeni zenjini, izindlu zokudlulisela, namasondo ukunciphisa isisindo semoto futhi athuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwamafutha.
● Imboni ye-Aerospace:I-Magnesium Alloys iqashwa ezingxenyeni zendiza nasezingxenyeni ze-aerospace lapho ukuncishiswa kwesisindo kubucayi.
● I-Electronics:I-Magnesium Alloys isetshenziswa ekwenziweni kwama-laptops angasindi, amakhamera, kanye nezingcingo eziphathwayo ngenxa yamandla abo kanye nezakhiwo zokuhlanza ukushisa.
● Amadivaysi ezokwelapha:I-Magnesium Alloys isetshenziswa ezifakwayo ze-biorsorbable kanye namadivayisi wamathambo ngenxa yokuthambekela kwawo.
Ama-nickel alloys
Izakhiwo ze-nickel alloys
Ama-nickel alloys ayaziwa ngokumelana kwawo okuhlukile kokugqwala, ukuqina okushisa okuphezulu, namandla omshini. Zijwayele ukugcotshwa nge-chromium, i-iron, nezinye izinto ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza ezindaweni ezedlulele. Izakhiwo ezibalulekile zifaka:
● Ukuphikiswa kokugqwala:Ama-alloyl ama-nickel anokumelana kahle ne-oxidation kanye nokugqwala ezindaweni ezinokhahlo, kufaka phakathi amanzi olwandle kanye nezimo ze-acidic.
● Amandla aphezulu okushisa:Ama-nickel alloys agcina amandla awo emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, abenze bakwazi ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ze-aerospace kanye nezicelo zokuphehla amandla.
● Gqoka ukumelana:I-Nickel Alloys inikeza ukumelana okuhle kokuvikeleka, okubalulekile kwizicelo ezidinga ukuqina okuhlala isikhathi eside.
Izicelo ze-nickel alloys
Ama-alloyl ama-nickel asetshenziswa ekufuneni izinhlelo zokusebenza emikhakheni ehlukahlukene:
● Imboni ye-Aerospace:Ama-superlosi asuselwa ku-nickel asetshenziswa ezinjini ze-jet, ama-turbine blade, nezinye izinto zokushisa eziphakeme ngenxa yokumelana nokushisa kwawo.
● Ukucutshungulwa kwamakhemikhali:Ama-alloyl ama-nickel asetshenziswa kuma-reactors, ama-heats engcures, nezinhlelo zokuphamba lapho ukumelana nokuvuselelwa khona kanye nokushisa okuphezulu kubalulekile.
● Isizukulwane samandla:Ama-alloyl ama-nickel aqashwa kuma-reactors enuzi kanye nama-runclines wegesi ngenxa yamandla abo okushisa aphezulu nokuphikiswa kokugqwala.
● Imboni yasolwandle:Ama-alloyl ama-nickel asetshenziswa ezindaweni zasolwandle zezicelo ezinjengamaphampu, ama-valve, kanye nemishini yokulondolozwa kwamanzi olwandle.
Titanium alloys
Izici zeTitanium Alloys
Ama-titanium alloys angasindi manje aqine, ngokumelana okuhlukile kokugqwala kanye nokuqina okushisa okuphezulu. Izakhiwo ezibalulekile zifaka:
● Isilinganiso esiphakeme sokuqina kwesisindo:Ama-titanium alloys aqine njengensimbi kepha acishe abe ngu-45% okhanyayo, okwenza abe elungele izinhlelo ze-aerospace nezinhlelo zokusebenza eziphezulu.
● Ukuphikiswa kokugqwala:I-Titanium Alloys inikeza ukumelana okuvelele kokugqwala, ikakhulukazi emanzini olwandle nasezindaweni zamakhemikhali.
● I-BiocomTilible:I-Titanium Alloys ihambelana i-biocomoirent, ibenze balungele izimila zezokwelapha namadivayisi.
● Ukuqina okushisa kakhulu:Ama-titanium alloys angamelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu, alondoloze amandla abo nobuqotho babo ku-aerospace kanye nezicelo zezimboni.
Izicelo ze-alloys ze-titanium
Ama-titanium alloys asetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini lapho amandla aphezulu, angasindi futhi ukuqina nokugqwala agricidess:
● Imboni ye-Aerospace:Ama-titanium alloys asetshenziswa kumafreyimu wendiza, izingxenye zenjini, kanye namagiya okufika ngenxa yamandla abo aphezulu kanye nokonga kwesisindo.
● Amadivaysi ezokwelapha:I-Titanium Alloys isetshenziswa kuma-orthopedic izimila, izimila zamazinyo, nezinsimbi zokuhlinza ngenxa yokuqina kwawo nokuqina.
● Imboni yasolwandle:Ama-titanium alloys aqashwa ezingxenyeni ezisezingeni eliphansi, ekhishini elakhiwayo, nokushayela okusogwini ngenxa yokuphikiswa kwabo kokugqwala.
● Izicelo zezimboni:I-Titanium Alloys isetshenziswa ezitshalweni zokulungiswa kwamakhemikhali, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla, nezicelo zezimoto zezakhi ezidinga amandla nokuphikiswa kokugqwala.
Ukugcina
Izinto zokwenziwa ze-alloy zidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kwizimboni zanamuhla, zinikeza izixazululo ezenziwe ngenhlanganisela ezihlukile zamandla, isisindo, ukumelana nokugqwala, nokuqina. Ukusuka e-Aerospace kuya ezimotweni, ukwakhiwa kwamadivayisi wezokwelapha, ukuguquguquka okuhlukahlukene kwezinto zokwakha i-alloy kumenza zibe zibaluleke kakhulu kwizicelo eziningi. Noma ngabe amandla aphezulu ama-alloys we-ferrous, izakhiwo ezingasindi ze-aluminium alloys, noma ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-nickel ne-titanium alloys, ama-alloys azokwenziwa ahlangabezana nezidingo ezahlukahlukene zezwe eliphambili lezobuchwepheshe.
Isikhathi Sokuthumela: Oct-17-2024