Ukwelashwa okushisa kubhekisele kwinqubo yensimbi eshisayo lapho impahla ifudumele khona, ibanjwa futhi ipholile ngokushisa esimweni esiqinile ukuze ithole inhlangano nezindawo ezifiselekayo.
I. Heat Treatment
1, Ukuhlanganisa: Izingcezu zensimbi noma zensimbi zifudumele iphuzu elibucayi le-AC3 noma i-ACM ngenhla kwezinga lokushisa elifanele ukuze lilondoloze isikhathi esithile ngemuva kokupholisa emoyeni, ukuze sithole uhlobo lwenhlangano ye-peety yenqubo yokushisa.
2, Ukungena: Ukusebenza kwensimbi ye-Eutectic kufudunyezwa ku-AC3 ngenhla kwama-20- 40 degrees, ngemuva kokubamba isikhathi eside, ngesithambiso kancane kancane (noma ukungcwatshwa ngesihlabathi noma ku-lime ukuphola noma ukupholisa kwe-air hight.
I-3, ikhambi eliqinile ukwelashwa okushisa okuqinile
4, ukuguga: Ngemuva kwesixazululo esiqinile ukwelashwa okushisa noma okubandayo kwepulasitiki kwe-alloy, lapho kufakwa emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni noma kugcinwe emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, into yezakhiwo zayo ishintsha nesikhathi.
I-5, ukwelashwa okuqinile kwesisombululo
6, ukwelashwa kokuguga: ukufudumeza nokubamba ekushiseni kwezulu kwesigaba sokuqinisa, ukuze imbewu yesigaba esiqinisayo ukuze iqine, ukuze ilukhuni, ukuze uthuthukiswe amandla.
7, Ukucishwa: I-Auntenitization yensimbi ngemuva kokupholisa ngesilinganiso esifanele sokupholisa, ukuze umsebenzi wesiphambano esigabeni sabo bonke noma isakhiwo esithile sesakhiwo esithile senhlangano esingazinzile njengokuguqulwa kwenhlangano ye-Martensite yenqubo yokwelashwa ngokushisa.
I-8, i-frecing: Umsebenzi ocishiweyo uzofudunyezwa iphuzu elibucayi le-AC1 ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa elifanele isikhathi esithile, bese uphola ngokuya ngenhlangano efiselekayo yenqubo yokushisa.
9, I-Carbonitriding yensimbi: I-Carbonitriding iye engxenyeni yensimbi ngasikhathi sinye infoltation of carbon ne-nitrogen. I-Carbonitritrididing Carbonitriding yaziwa nangokuthi i-Cyanide, izinga lokushisa le-Carbonitiding kanye ne-Carbonitriding ephansi le-carbonitriding (IE gesi nitrocarring) isetshenziswa kabanzi. Inhloso esemqoka yokushisa igesi yegesi ye-carbonitriding ukuthuthukisa ubulukhuni, gqoka ukumelana kanye nokuqina kokukhathala kwensimbi. I-Carbonitritritritritritritritritritritritritritritritritridididing ephansi ye-nitrididing ku-nitriseding, inhloso yaso eyinhloko ukuthuthukisa ukumelana kwensimbi yensimbi nokuvuna ukuluma.
10, ukwelashwa okulangazelela (ukucimana nokugunda): Isiko elijwayelekile lizocishwa futhi lithoswe emazingeni okushisa aphezulu ngokuhambisana nokwelashwa okushisa okwabiwa njengokwelashwa okuzwakalayo. Ukwelashwa okufuyeni kusetshenziswa kabanzi ezinhlobonhlobo ezibalulekile ezakhiwo, ikakhulukazi labo abasebenza ngaphansi kokushintshana kwemithwalo yezinduku zokuxhuma, ama-bolts, amagiya kanye nemisele. Ukufutheka ngemuva kokwelashwa okugugayo ukuze uthole inhlangano enomoya othosiwe, izakhiwo zayo zemishini zingcono kunobulukhuni obufanayo lwenhlangano ejwayelekile ye-SOHNiTE Organisation. Ubulukhuni bawo buxhomeke ekushiseni okushisa okuphezulu okufudumele kanye nokuqina okunolaka kwensimbi kanye nosayizi wesigaba se-workpiece, ngokuvamile phakathi kwe-HB200-350.
11, I-Brazing: Ngezinto ezibonakalayo zizoba izinhlobo ezimbili zokufudumeza kokufudumeza kokufudumeza kwe-bonded ndawonye.
II.TIzici zenqubo
Ukwelashwa kokushisa kwensimbi kungenye yezinqubo ezibalulekile ekukhiqizeni imishini, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinqubo zamamailining machina, ukwelashwa kokushisa ngokuvamile akushintshi ukwakheka kwangaphakathi kwe-workpiece, noma ngokushintsha ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kobuso bendawo yokusebenza, ukunikela noma ukuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwezakhiwo ze-WorkPiecle. Kuboniswa ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi engaphakathi ye-workpiecle, ngokuvamile akubonakali ngamehlo. Ukuze wenze umsebenzi wensimbi wensimbi ngempahla edingekayo yemishini, izakhiwo ezibonakalayo kanye nezindawo zamakhemikhali, ngaphezu kokukhethwa okunengqondo kwezinto zokwakha kanye nenqubo ehlukahlukene yokubumba, inqubo yokwelashwa kokushisa imvamisa ibaluleke kakhulu. Insimbi yizinto ezisetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yeMeyili, inkimbinkimbi yensimbi Microssucture, ingalawulwa ngokushisa, ngakho-ke ukwelashwa okushisa kwensimbi kungukuqukethwe okuyisisekelo kokwelashwa okushisa ngensimbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-aluminium, yethusi, i-magnesium, i-titanium namanye ama-alloys nakho kungaba ukwelashwa okushisa ukuze kuguqulwe izakhiwo zayo zemishini, zomzimba nezomakhemikhali, ukuze uthole ukusebenza okuhlukile.
I-III.Tuyasebenza
Inqubo yokwelashwa kokushisa ngokuvamile ifaka ukushisa, ukubamba, ukupholisa izinqubo ezintathu, kwesinye isikhathi ukushisa kuphela nokupholisa izinqubo ezimbili. Lezi zinqubo zixhumeke komunye nomunye, azikwazi ukuphazamiseka.
Ukushisa kungenye yezinqubo ezibalulekile zokwelashwa kokushisa. Ukwelashwa kokushisa kwensimbi kwezindlela eziningi zokushisa, okokuqala ukusetshenziswa kwamalahle namalahle njengomthombo wokushisa, ukusetshenziswa kwakamuva kwamafutha awuketshezi kanye negesi. Ukusetshenziswa kukagesi kwenza ukufudumala kube lula ukulawula, futhi akukho ukungcoliswa kwemvelo. Ukusetshenziswa kwale mithombo yokushisa kungafudumala ngqo, kepha futhi ngokusebenzisa usawoti oncibilikisiwe noma insimbi, izinhlayiya ezintantayo zokushisa okungaqondile.
Ukushisa kwensimbi, indawo yokusebenza ivezwa umoya, oxidation, ukuqubuka kwe-decorration kuvame ukwenzeka (ie, okuqukethwe kwe-carbon yezingxenye zensimbi ukunciphisa), okunomthelela omubi kakhulu ezingxenyeni eziphathwa ukushisa. Ngakho-ke, insimbi kufanele ivamisile ukuba somoya olawulwayo noma isimo sokuvikela, usawoti oncibilikisiwe kanye nokushisa okuncibilikisiwe, kepha futhi nezindlela zokugcina ezitholakalayo noma izindlela zokupakisha zokushisa okuvikelayo.
Ukushisa lokushisa kungenye yenqubo ebalulekile yenqubo yenqubo yokwelashwa kokushisa, ukukhethwa nokulawulwa kokushisa kokushisa, ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokwelashwa okushisa kwezinkinga ezinkulu. Ukushisa lokushisa kuyahlukahluka nge-Metal Material nenhloso yokwelashwa kokushisa, kepha ngokuvamile kuyashukunyiswa ngenhla kwesilinganiso sokushintsha kwesigaba ukuthola inhlangano ephezulu yokushisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuguqulwa kudinga inani elithile lesikhathi, ngakho-ke lapho ingaphezulu lesisebenzi sensimbi ukufeza izinga lokushisa elidingekayo, kodwa futhi kufanele ligcinwe kulokhu okushisa kwangaphakathi kwesikhathi, ukuze amazinga okushisa angaphakathi nangaphandle aqediwe, ukuze kuqedwe ukuguqulwa kwe-micross. Ukusetshenziswa kokushisa kwamandla okuphezulu okuphezulu kanye nokwelashwa kokushisa komhlaba, isilinganiso sokushisa sishesha kakhulu, ngokuvamile akukho sikhathi sokuphatha, ngenkathi ukwelashwa kokushisa kwamakhemikhali kwesikhathi sokubamba kuvame isikhathi eside.
Ukupholisa nakho kuyisinyathelo esisemqoka kwinqubo yokwelashwa kokushisa, izindlela zokupholisa ngenxa yezinqubo ezahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi ukulawula isilinganiso sokupholisa. Inani elijwayelekile lokuvuselela lihamba kancane, ngokwejwayelekile izinga lokupholisa lishesha, licima izinga lokupholisa lishesha. Kepha futhi ngenxa yezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zensimbi futhi zinezidingo ezihlukile, njengensimbi elukhuni emoyeni zingacishwa ngezinga elifanayo lokupholisa njengokujwayelekile.
IV.UhloboUkuhlukaniswa kwe-rocess
Inqubo yokushisa yokushisa yokushisa kwensimbi ingahlukaniswa ngokugcwele ukwelashwa konke okushisa, ukwelashwa kokushisa komhlaba kanye nokwelashwa kokushisa kwamakhemikhali kwezigaba ezintathu. Ngokusho kokushisa okuphakathi nendawo, lokushisa lokushisa kanye nendlela yokupholisa yendlela ehlukile, isigaba ngasinye singahlukaniswa ngenqubo ehlukahlukene yokwelashwa kokushisa. Insimbi efanayo isebenzisa izinqubo zokwelashwa okushisa okuhlukile, ingathola izinhlangano ezahlukahlukene, ngaleyo ndlela inezakhiwo ezahlukahlukene. I-Iron nensimbi iyinsimbi esetshenziswa kabanzi embonini, kanye nensimbi misfructor nakho kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ngakho-ke kunezinhlobonhlobo zenqubo yokushisa yokushisa kwensimbi ehlukahlukene.
Ukwelashwa okuphelele kokushisa okuphelele kokushisa kwendawo yokusebenza, bese kuphothana ngezinga elifanele, ukuthola inhlangano efanelekile yensimbi, ukuze kuguqulwe izakhiwo zayo ze-mehendi zizonke zenqubo yokushisa ukushisa kwensimbi. Ukushisa okuphelele kokushisa kwensimbi ecishe kungene, okujwayelekile, ukuqeda nokugunda izinqubo ezine eziyisisekelo.
Inqubo inqubo:
Ukuncishiswa ngumsebenzi ukufuthelwa amazinga okushisa afanele, ngokuya ngezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nosayizi wokwenza umsebenzi we-workp
Ukwenza okujwayelekile ukuthi i-WorkPiece ifudunyezwa emazingeni okushisa afanele ngemuva kokupholisa emoyeni, umphumela ojwayelekile ufana nokwehla, kodwa futhi kwesinye isikhathi esetshenziselwa ukwelashwa okufunwayo okumbalwa njengokwelashwa okuphezulu okufunwayo.
Ukucishwa ngumsebenzi ufudunyeziwe futhi kufakwa ngaphakathi, emanzini, uwoyela noma kwamanye amasawoti anorganic, izisombululo ezinamanzi ezingezona kanye nezinye izixazululo ezihlanganayo zokupholisa ngokushesha. Ngemuva kokucima, izingxenye zensimbi ziba nzima, kepha ngasikhathi sinye ziba brittle, ukuze ziqede ubucwebe ngesikhathi esifanele, kunesidingo ngokuvamile ukuthambekela ngesikhathi esifanele.
Ukuze unciphise ubucwebe bezingxenye zensimbi, izingxenye zensimbi ezicijile endaweni yokushisa efanelekile ephakeme kunamazinga okushisa egumbi futhi aphansi kune-650 ℃ isikhathi eside sokufakelwa, bese esepholile, le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi yisikhathi eside. Ukuncibilikisa, ukuguqula isimo, ukucimasha, ukufutheka kuyindlela yokushisa ephelele ekwelashweni "kwemililo emine", lapho okucunulayo nokufutheka okuhlobene kakhulu, kuvame ukusetshenziswa ngokubambisana. "Imililo emine" ngokushisa okushisa nemodi yokupholisa yehlukile, futhi yavela inqubo ehlukile yokwelashwa kokushisa. Ukuze uthole izinga elithile lamandla nobunzima, ukujula nokugunda nokuguga emazingeni okushisa aphezulu ahlanganiswe nenqubo, eyaziwa ngokuthi umoya. Ngemuva kokuthi ama-alloys athile aqedwa ukuze akhe ikhambi eliqinile eliqinile, aphethwe emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni noma emazingeni okushisa aphezulu aphezulu isikhathi eside ukuze athuthukise ubunzima, amandla, noma ubukhulu bakagesi be-alloy. Inqubo yokwelashwa okushisa kangaka ibizwa ngokuthi ukwelashwa kokuguga.
Ukucindezela Ukusebenza Kwezinguquko Nokushisa Ukuphathwa Ngokuphumelelayo nangokucophelela ukufeza, ukuze umsebenzi wokwenza ukuthi athole amandla amahle kakhulu, ubulukhuni ngendlela eyaziwayo ukwelashwa kokushisa; Ngomoya ongemuhle wokucindezela noma i-vacuum ekwelashweni kokushisa okwaziwa ngokuthi ukwelashwa kokushisa kwe-vacuum eyaziwa ngokuthi i-vacuum heat ukwelashwa kungasebenzi, ungagcini ngokwenza umsebenzi we-ackant, kodwa uvikele ukusebenza kokwelashwa okusebenzayo, kodwa futhi nge-ejenti ye-osmotic yokwelashwa kwamakhemikhali.
Ukwelashwa kokushisa komhlaba kushisa kuphela ungqimba olungaphezulu lwe-workpiece ukushintsha izakhiwo zemishini zesendlalelo senqubo yokushisa kwensimbi. Ukuze kushise kuphela ungqimba olungaphezulu lomsebenzi ngaphandle kokudluliselwa ngokweqile kokushisa ngokweqile, ukusetshenziswa komthombo wokushisa kufanele kube nobunzima obukhulu bokushisa, okungukuthi, endaweni yeyunithi yendawo yokushisa ukuze unikeze amandla okushisa noma i-local Ukwelashwa kokushisa okungaphezulu kwezindlela eziphambili ze-flame ezicijile nokufudumeza ukwelashwa okushisa, imithombo yokushisa evame ukusetshenziswa njenge-oxyacetylene noma i-oxypropane flame, ukungena kwe-elekroni, i-leaser ne-elektroni.
Ukwelashwa okushisa kwamakhemikhali kuyinqubo yokwelashwa kokushisa kwensimbi ngokushintsha ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali, inhlangano kanye nezakhiwo zesendlalelo sobuso bendawo yokusebenza. Ukwelashwa okushisa kwamakhemikhali kuhlukile ekuvuthweni kokushisa komhlaba ngoba okwedlule kushintsha ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwesendlalelo sobuso bendawo yokusebenza. Ukwelashwa okushisa kwamakhemikhali kubekwe endaweni yokusebenza equkethe ikhabhoni, imithombo yesawoti noma ezinye izinto eziphakathi nendawo (igesi, uketshezi, okuqinile) ekushisweni kwekhabhoni, i-nitrogen, i-boron kanye ne-chromium nezinye izinto. Ngemuva kokufakwa kwezinto, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ezinye izinqubo zokwelashwa okushisa njengokucimana nokuguga. Izindlela eziphambili zokwelashwa kokushisa kwamakhemikhali ziyi-carburshing, i-nitriding, ukungena kwensimbi.
Ukwelashwa kokushisa kungenye yezinqubo ezibalulekile kwinqubo yokukhiqiza yezingxenye zemishini nokubumba. Ngokuvamile, kungaqinisekisa futhi kuthuthukise izakhiwo ezahlukahlukene ze-workpie, njengokumelana nokugqoka, ukumelana nokugqwala. Futhi ingathuthukisa inhlangano ye-Blank and Stress State, ukuze kusebenze ukucubungula okubandayo nokushisa okuhlukahlukene.
Isibonelo: I-Iron ye-White Caspor ngemuva kokuthola ukwelashwa okudunwe isikhathi eside kungatholakala i-Iron ye-Mall Fallege, Thuthukisa i-Plastic; amagiya ngenqubo efanele yokwelashwa kokushisa, impilo yensizakalo ingaba ngaphezu kokungabi ngaphezu kwezikhathi eziphathwa ngamaphare aphathwa ukushisa noma izikhathi eziningi; Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-carbon yensimbi engabizi ngokufakwa kwezinto ezithile ezesabekayo inokunye okubizayo kwensimbi yensimbi, kungathatha isikhundla sensimbi engasho lutho, insimbi engagqwali; Izikhunta futhi zifa cishe zonke zidinga ukuhamba ngokwelashwa kokushisa zingasetshenziswa kuphela ngemuva kokwelashwa okushisa.
Izindlela ezingezelelweyo
I. Izinhlobo zokunciphisa
Inqubo yokushisa iyinqubo yokwelashwa okushisa lapho umsebenzi we-workpiece ufudunyezwa khona emazingeni okushisa afanele, agcinwe isikhathi esithile, bese esepholile kancane.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zenqubo yensimbi yensimbi, ngokuya ngokushisa okufudumeza kungahlukaniswa izigaba ezimbili: Enye yezinga lokushisa elibucayi (AC1 noma AC3) ngaphezulu kwesikhungo, okubizwa ngokuthi yi-Anneling Shintsha (i-homogenialing anveling (i-homogenization annelung), njll. Enye ingaphansi kokushisa okubucayi kokushisa, kufaka phakathi ukuphindaphinda kabusha kwe-anvelization kanye nokucindezela okugcizelele ukucindezela, njll. Ngokwendlela yokupholisa, ukunxusa kungahlukaniswa ekunikezeleni okuvela okupholile okuqhubekayo.
1, ukunxusa okuphelele futhi okuvuselayo
Ukuncishiswa okuphelele, owaziwa nangokuthi ukuphinda kwakhiwe kabusha ngokuthi kubhekwe njengokukhulisa, yinsimbi noma insimbi eshiswe ku-AC3 ngenhla kwe-20 ~ 30 Lokhu kuvela okusetshenziselwa ukwakheka kwe-eutectic ikakhulukazi kwe-carbon ehlukahlukene kanye ne-arloy steel castings, ukuthethelelwa kanye namaphrofayili avuthayo, futhi kwesinye isikhathi futhi kusetshenziselwa izakhiwo ezinama-welded. Ngokuvamile njengenombolo yokwelashwa kokugcina kokushisa kokugcina, noma ukwelashwa kwangaphambi kokushisa kwezindawo zokusebenza.
2, ball anveling
I-spheroidal annealing isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi i-eutectic carbon yensimbi kanye nensimbi yensimbi ye-alloy (njengokukhiqizwa kwamathuluzi ahleliwe, ama-gauges, isikhunta nokufa okusetshenziswe ngensimbi). Inhloso yayo eyinhloko ukunciphisa ubulukhuni, ukuthuthukisa imishini, futhi ulungiselele ukujula okuzayo.
3, ukuguqulwa kwengcindezelo
Stress relief annealing, also known as low-temperature annealing (or high-temperature tempering), this annealing is mainly used to eliminate castings, forgings, weldments, hot-rolled parts, cold-drawn parts and other residual stress. Uma lezi zingcindezi zingaqediwe, zizodala insimbi ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, noma kwinqubo elandelayo yokusika ukukhiqiza i-deformation noma imifantu.
I-4. Ukungaphelele kokungaphelele ukushisa insimbi ku-AC1 ~ AC3 (i-sub-eutectic steel) noma i-ac1 ~ accm (i-ac1 ~ accm (i-ac1 ~ accm (i-ac1 ~ accm (i-ac1 ~ accm (i-ac1 ~ accm) phakathi kokulondolozwa kokushisa kwenqubo yokushisa yokushisa.
II.Ukucisha, okusetshenziswa kakhulu okupholile okusetshenziswayo yi-brine, amanzi kanye namafutha.
Amanzi anosawoti aqala ukucisha umsebenzi, okulula ukuthola ubunzima obuphezulu nobubanzi obushelelezi, akulula ukukhiqiza ukuchezuka hhayi indawo ethambile, kepha kulula ukwenza i-workpiede deformation imbi kakhulu, futhi kuqhekeke. Ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha njengomuntu ophakathi nendawo kufanelekile kuphela ukuqina kwe-aucenite ebabazekayo kukhulu ngensimbi yensimbi noma ngosayizi omncane wokusebenza kwensimbi ye-carbon.
I-III.inhloso yokufutheka kwensimbi
1, Yehlisa ubucwebe, ukuqeda noma ukunciphisa ukucindezela kwangaphakathi, ukujuluka kwensimbi kukhona ukucindezela okukhulu kwangaphakathi kanye nobucwebe, njengokuthi ukungabi nalutho okufika ngesikhathi kuvame ukwenza i-deformation yensimbi noma ukuqhekeka.
2, ukuthola izakhiwo ezidingekayo zemishini zomsebenzi wesisebenzi, umsebenzi wokusebenza ngemuva kokucima ubulukhuni obuphezulu nobucwebe, ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo zezakhiwo ezahlukahlukene zezinhlobonhlobo zomsebenzi, ungaguqula ubulukhuni ngokunciphisa ubunzima bokuqina okudingekayo, i-plastiki.
3, qinisa usayizi we-workpiece
I-4, ukunxusa kunzima ukuthambisa insimbi ethile ye-alloy, ekujuleni (noma okujwayelekile) kuvame ukusetshenziswa ngemuva kokushisa okushisa okuphezulu, ukuze kuncishiswe i-Carbide yensimbi efanelekile, ukuze kuncishiswe ukuqina, ukuze kuncishiswe ukusika nokusebenza.
Imiqondo Engeziwe
1, ukunxusa: Kubhekiswa ezintweni zensimbi ezifudumele ekushiseni okufanele, kugcinwa isikhathi esithile, bese kuphola inqubo yokushisa ngokushisa kancane. Izinqubo ezijwayelekile ezivelele yilezi: Ukuvuselela kabusha kabusha, ukukhishwa kwengcindezelo kwengcindezelo, ukunxusa okuphelele, njll. Inhloso yokunciphisa izinto zensimbi, ukuthuthukisa inhlangano, noma ukwakheka kwe-homogenization, noma ukwelashwa okushisayo ukwenza inhlangano isilungele inhlangano.
2, Ukujwayelekile: Kubhekiswa ensimbi noma ngensimbi eshiswe noma (ngensimbi iphuzu elibucayi lokushisa) ngenhla, 30 ~ 50 ℃ ukugcina isikhathi esifanele, ukupholisa inqubo yokwelashwa okushisa kahle komoya. Inhloso yokuhlanganisa: ikakhulukazi ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo zemishini zensimbi ephansi yekhabhoni, ukuthuthukisa ukusika kanye nemishini, ukucolisiswa okusanhlamvu, ukuqeda amaphutha enhlangano, ekwelashweni kokushisa kokugcina ukulungiselela inhlangano.
3, ukucimasha: Kubhekiswa embonweni eshiswe ku-AC3 noma i-AC1 (Insimbi ngaphansi kwephuzu lokushisa elibucayi) ngaphezulu kwamazinga okushisa athile, gcina inhlangano efanelekile, ukuthola inani elifanele lokupholisa (noma nge-bainit) lenqubo yokwelashwa ngokushisa. Izinqubo ezihlangene ezijwayelekile ziwukuqeda okukodwa, okuhlangene okuphakathi nendawo okuphakathi, ukujuluka kweMferensi, iBainite Iscingmal junncing, ukujulisa komhlaba kanye nokujuluka kwasendaweni. Inhloso yokucima: ukuze izingxenye zensimbi zithole inhlangano edingekayo yeMartensitic, zithuthukise ubunzima be-workpite, amandla kanye nokumelana kwe-abrasion, ngokwelashwa okushisayo kokulungiselela inhlangano.
I-4, i-ompelayo: ibhekisa entweni elukhuni, bese ifudumeza izinga lokushisa elingezansi kwe-AC1, isikhathi esiphethe, bese selipholile kwinqubo yokushisa ukushisa kokushisa kwegumbi. Izinqubo ezijwayelekile zokulangazelela yilezi: Ukushisa okushisa okuphansi, okushisa okuphakathi nendawo okushisa, okushisa okushisa okushisa kanye nokulangazelela okuningi.
Injongo yokuguga: ikakhulukazi ukuqeda ingcindezi ekhiqizwe ngensimbi ekujuleni kwensimbi, ukuze insimbi inobulukhuni obuphezulu futhi igqoke ubulukhuni, futhi ineplastiki edingekayo kanye nokuqina okudingekayo.
I-5, ukufutheka: kubhekiswa ngensimbi noma ngensimbi ekujuleni komhlaba kanye nokushisa okushisa okuphezulu kwenqubo yokushisa yokushisa okushisa kwenhlanganisela. Kusetshenziswe ekwelashweni okunonya kwensimbi okubizwa ngokuthi yinsimbi enomsindo. Ngokuvamile kubhekiswa kwinsimbi ephakathi yekhabhoni ehlelekile kanye ne-carbon yensimbi ephakathi.
I-6, i-Cariburing: I-Carburshing yinqubo yokwenza ama-athomu e-carbon engena endaweni engaphezulu yensimbi. Kuyakwazi futhi ukwenza umsebenzi wensimbi ephansi ye-carbon unesendlalelo sensimbi ephakeme ye-carbon, bese ngemuva kokucima phansi nokushisa okuphansi, ukuze ungqimba olungaphezulu lomsebenzi lube nobulukhuni obuphezulu futhi lugqoke ubulukhuni lwensimbi yensimbi ephansi.
Indlela ye-Vacuum
Ngoba imisebenzi yokushisa nokupholisa yemisebenzi yensimbi idinga izenzo eziyishumi noma inqwaba okufanele igcwalise. Lezi zenzo zenziwa ngaphakathi kwesithando somsebenzi we-vacuum heat yokwelashwa, opharetha akakwazi ukusondela, ngakho-ke izinga lokuzenzakalela le-vacuum heath treatment fune kudingeka ukuthi liphakeme. Ngasikhathi sinye, ezinye izenzo, njengokushisa nokubamba ukuphela kwenqubo yensimbi yokucima insimbi kuzoba yizinyathelo eziyisithupha, ezenza izenzo futhi ziphothulwe kungakapheli imizuzwana eyi-15. Izimo ezinjalo ezi-agile ukuqedela izenzo eziningi, kulula ukudala ukwesaba kwe-opharetha nokwakha amaphutha. Ngakho-ke, kuphela izinga eliphakeme le-automation lingaba linembile, ukuxhumanisa ngesikhathi esifanele ngokuya ngohlelo.
Ukwelashwa kokushisa kokushisa kwezingxenye zensimbi kwenziwa ngesithando esivaliwe se-vacuum, ukubekwa uphawu kwe-vacuum eqinile kwaziwa kahle. Ngakho-ke, ukuthola nokulandela nokulandela isilinganiso sokuvuza komoya kwesithando somlilo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-vacuum esebenzayo yesithando somsebenzi we-vacuum, ukuze iqinisekise ikhwalithi yokwelashwa okushisa izingxenye inokubaluleka okukhulu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke impikiswano esemqoka ye-vacuum heat yokwelashwa yokwelashwa iwukuba nesakhiwo esithembekile sokwenza uphawu lwe-vacuum. Ukuze uqinisekise ukusebenza kwe-vacuum yesithando somsebenzi we-vacuum, ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo se-vacuum heatting treatment herace design, okungukuthi, umzimba wesithando usebenzisa i-welding yegesi, ngenkathi ungavuli i-holding yesakhiwo, ukuze unciphise i-valding sakhiwo, ukuze unciphise ithuba lokuvuza kwe-vacuum. Kufakiwe In The Vacuum Uthando Lokwenziwa Komzimba, izesekeli, ezifana ne-electrodes epholile yamanzi, idivaysi yokuthumela ngaphandle kwe-thermocouple kumele futhi yakhelwe ukusayina isakhiwo.
Izinto eziningi zokushisa nokufakwa zingasetshenziswa kuphela ngaphansi kwe-vacuum. I-Vacuum Heat Treatrit Treatrice Treatrice Feating and Thermal Infation Lining in the Vacuum kanye nomsebenzi wokushisa okuphezulu, ngakho-ke lezi zinto zokwakha zibeka ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, imiphumela yemisebe, ukuvumelanisa okushisayo nezinye izidingo. Izidingo zokumelana ne-oxidation aziphezulu. Ngakho-ke, i-vacuum heat yokwelashwa ngomthamo osetshenziswa kabanzi, iTungsten, i-molybdenum ne-graphite yokufudumeza kanye nezinto zokwehlukanisa okushisayo. Lezi zinto zokwakha zilula kakhulu ukukwenza u-oxidize osesimweni sezulu sezulu, ngakho-ke, isithando somlilo esivamile sokushisa asikwazi ukusebenzisa lezi zinto zokushisa nokufakelwa.
Idivaysi epholile yamanzi Ukusebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle kakhulu, kufanele kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukwakheka kwengxenye ngayinye akulonakalisiwe noma kulinyazwe, futhi uphawu lwe-vacuum alukhohliswa noma lushiswe. Ngakho-ke, ingxenye ngayinye kufanele isethwe ngokuya ngezimo ezahlukahlukene amadivaysi okupholisa amanzi ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi isithando sokushisa sokushisa sokushisa singasebenza ngokujwayelekile futhi sibe nokuphila okwanele kokusebenzisa.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla aphansi-kwamanje, isitsha se-vacuum, lapho i-vacuum vacuum vacud degree ye-LXLO-1 TORR REAND, isitsha se-vacuum somqhubi onamandla ku-voltage ephakeme, sizokhiqiza into yokukhipha okukhanyayo. Esithombeni sokwelashwa okushisa kwe-vacuum Ngakho-ke, i-vacuum heat yokwelashwa yokushisa yokwelashwa i-Electric Heating Election Election Voltage ngokuvamile ayikho ngaphezu kwama-80 ama-volts ayi-100. Ngasikhathi sinye ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo se-Electric Heating Element Design ukuthatha izinyathelo ezisebenzayo, njengokuzama ukugwema ukuba nesiqephu sezingxenye, ukuhlukaniswa nge-electrode phakathi kwama-electrodes akunakuba kube mncane kakhulu, ukuze kuvikeleke isizukulwane sokukhipha okukhanyayo noma ukuphuma kwe-arc.
-Casulayo
Ngokwezidingo ezihlukile zokusebenza kwe-workpiepe, ngokuya ngamazinga okushisa ahlukene asothile, kungahlukaniswa ezinhlotsheni ezilandelayo zokuguga:
(a) Ukushisa okushisa okuphansi (ama-150-250 degrees)
Ukushisa okuphansi kwenhlangano ephumayo yeMferensi enomsindo. Injongo yayo ukugcina ubulukhuni obuphezulu kanye nokuphikiswa okuphezulu kwensimbi ecijile ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokunciphisa ukucindezela kwayo okuqediwe nokucija, ukuze kugweme ukungcola noma ukulimala ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngesikhathi sokusebenzisa. Isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi amathuluzi ahlukahlukene okusika amakhabhoni, ama-gauges, adonswe okubandayo, ukudonsa okubandayo, ama-rolling bearrings kanye nezingxenye ezithwetshiwe, njll.
(ii) Ukushisa okuphakathi okuphakathi (250-500 degrees)
Inhlangano yokushisa okushisa okuphakathi komzimba we-quartz. Injongo yayo ukuthola amandla aphezulu okuvutha, umkhawulo wokunwebeka nobulukhuni obuphakeme. Ngakho-ke, isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi iziphethu ezahlukahlukene kanye nokusebenza okushisayo kokubumba kokubumba, ubulukhuni obufudumele ngokuvamile i-HRC35-50.
(C) Ukushisa okushisa okuphezulu (500-650 degrees)
Ukushisa okushisa okuphezulu kwenhlangano ye-ShoHnite enolaka. Ukuqothuka okuyisimo okuqhubekayo nokushisa okuphezulu okuhlangene okuhlangene kuhlangene kokwelashwa okushisa kwaziwa njengokuthi ukwelashwa okunonya komhlaba, inhloso yawo ukuthola amandla, ubunzima kanye nobunzima, ubunzima bungcono kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, isetshenziswe kabanzi ezimotweni, ogandaganda, amathuluzi womshini nezinye izingxenye ezibalulekile zesakhiwo, njengezinduku zokuxhuma, ama-bolts, amagiya kanye nemisele. Ubulukhuni ngemuva kokushiswa komoya ngokuvamile i-HB200-330.
Ukuvikelwa Kodonga
Ukunemba okubucayi kokukhubazeka kwesikhunta kuvame ukuba yinkimbinkimbi, kepha thina nje sazi nomthetho waso woshintsho, sihlaziye izimbangela zayo, sisebenzisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene ukuvikela ukonakala kwezikhunta uyakwazi ukunciphisa, kodwa futhi futhi ukwazi ukulawula. Ngokuvamile, ukwelashwa okushisa kokunemba kwezikhunta okuyinkimbinkimbi kungathatha izindlela ezilandelayo zokuvimbela.
(1) Ukukhethwa ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo. Ukucacisa izikhunta eziyinkimbinkimbi kufanele kube kukhethwe impahla enhle ye-microdemfvation mold yensimbi (efana nensimbi ecijile), ukuhlukaniswa kwensimbi eqinile kufanele kube ukulungiswa okunensimbi okuyisisekelo kufanele kube lula ukwelashwa okubunjiwe, okuthe xaxa futhi akunakukwazi ukulungiswa kwensimbi eqinile yokuvuselela ukwelashwa okushisa kabili.
(2) Design wesakhiwo sokubumba kufanele kube okunengqondo, ubukhulu akufanele kuhlukaniswe kakhulu, ukwakheka kufanele kube okufanayo, ukuguqulwa kwesikhunta esikhudlwana ukuze ukwazi ukwenza kahle umthetho wobunzi, izibonelelo ezinkulu, ezinembile futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi zingasetshenziswa ekuhlanganiseni izinhlaka.
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(6) Ngokunemba kanye nokubumba okuyinkimbinkimbi, ngaphansi kwemibandela kuvunyelwe, zama ukusebenzisa i-vacuum heating junncing kanye nokwelashwa okupholile ngemuva kokucima.
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Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza okuyikho kwenqubo yokushisa kokushisa (njengokuphamba izimbobo ezixhunyiwe, izimbobo eziboshwe, ukulungisa okufanele, izindlela ezifanele zokushisa, ukunquma ukuqondisa kokushisa okupholile kanye nokuthola amandla okubumbana okupholile kanye nezindlela zokubumba eziyinkimbinkimbi nazo ziyizinyathelo ezisebenzayo.
Ukuqedwa komhlaba nokwelashwa okushisa okulangangezelayo kuvame ukwenziwa ngokufudumeza okufudumele noma ukufudumala kwelangabi. Amapharamitha asemqoka wobuchwepheshe ubulukhuni bendawo, ubulukhuni bendawo kanye nokujula okuqinisayo okuqinisayo. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Hardness kungasetshenziswa umhloli we-hervener we-vickers, nakho kungasetshenziswa umhloli wobulukhuni be-rockwell noma ongaphezulu. Ukukhethwa kwamandla okuhlola (isikali) kuhlobene nokujula kwesendlalelo esivuthayo esithuthukile kanye nobulukhuni bendawo yokusebenza. Izinhlobo ezintathu zabahloli bezingqinamba abahilelekile lapha.
Okokuqala, i-Vickers Hurneness Tester iyindlela ebalulekile yokuhlola ubunzima obungaphandle kwemisebenzi ephethwe ukushisa, ingakhethwa ngo-0,5 Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukujula kwesendlalelo evuthayo esisebenzayo kufanele futhi kutholakale ngumbusi we-hardness we-vickers, ngakho-ke ukucutshungulwa kokushisa kokushisa komhlaba noma inani elikhulu lamayunithi asebenzisa umhloli wokushisa wokushisa komhlaba, okuhlome nge-vickers Hartness Testers kuyadingeka.
Okwesibili, umhloli we-surfwell hardness ulungele kakhulu ukuhlola ubulukhuni bendawo yokusebenza eqinile, umhloli we-surval Rocwell unesikali ezintathu ongakhetha kuzo. Ingavivinya ukujula okusebenzayo okusebenzayo kokungaphezulu kwe-0.1mm yomsebenzi ojwayelekile wokuqina komhlaba. Yize ukucaciswa kobuqili be-surfal Rocwell akuphezulu kokuba umhloli we-hearner we-hearners, kodwa njengokuphathwa kwekhwalithi yokushisa kwekhwalithi yokushisa kanye nezindlela zokuhlola ezifanelekileyo zokutholwa kokutholwa, zikwazile ukufeza izidingo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, futhi inokusebenza okulula, okulula ukuyisebenzisa, inani eliphansi, ukukala okusheshayo, kungafunda ngokuqondile inani le-hardness kanye nezinye izici, ukusetshenziswa kwe-surfar Rocwell Hartness Teaty kungaba ukuhlola kwengcezu yokushisa okusheshayo nokungabhubhisi. Lokhu kubalulekile ekucutshungweni kwensimbi kanye nemishini yokukhiqiza imishini.
Okwesithathu, lapho ukwelashwa okushisa komhlaba kukhula ungqimba oluqinile, lungasetshenziswa futhi umhloli wobulukhuni be-Rocwell. Lapho ukwelashwa okushisa kuqina usayizi wesendlalelo lwe-0.4 ~ 0.8mm, ungasetshenziswa isikali se-HRA, lapho ukushuba okunzima kwesendlalelo okungaphezulu kuka-0.8mm, kungasetshenziswa isikali se-HRC.
Ama-Vickers, Rocwell futhi Surface Rocwell Izinhlobo zezindinganiso ezilukhuni angaguqulwa kalula komunye nomunye, aguqulwe abe esezingeni, imidwebo noma umsebenzisi udinga inani lobulukhuni. Amatafula wokuguqula ahambisanayo anikezwa ku-International Standard Iso, i-American Standard ASTM kanye ne-Chinese Standard GB / T.
Ukuqina Kwendawo
Izingxenye Uma izidingo zobulukhuni bendawo zokushisa okuphezulu, okutholakalayo kokufudumeza okuphezulu nezinye izindlela zokwelashwa okushisa kwasendaweni, izingxenye ezinjalo zivame ukumaka indawo yokwelashwa okushisa kwasendaweni kanye nenani lobulukhuni bendawo kwimidwebo. Ukuhlolwa kobunzima kwezingxenye kufanele kwenziwe endaweni ebekiwe. I-Hardness Testing Amathuluzi angasetshenziswa umhloli wobulukhuni e-Rocwell, i-HRC HARDNEST VALULEKILE, njengokushisa kwe-Heat Treatness Harding ungqimba, ingasetshenziswa i-Surface Harvenness Tester, i-HRN Hardness Valuve.
Ukwelashwa okushisa kwamakhemikhali
Ukwelashwa okushisa kwamakhemikhali ukwenza ingaphezulu lokufakwa kwe-workpiepe kwezakhi ze-athomu eyodwa noma eziningana zama-athomu, ukuze kuguqulwe ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali, inhlangano kanye nokwenza kobuso bendawo yokusebenza. Ngemuva kokucimana nokushisa okuphansi kokushisa, ingaphezulu lomsebenzi wokwenza umsebenzi kunobulukhuni obuphezulu, gqoka ukumelana futhi uhlole ukumelana futhi uthinte amandla okukhathala, ngenkathi umnyombo wesigaqeko, ngenkathi umnyombo wesisebenzi sokusebenza unobutha obuphezulu.
Ngokusho kwalokhu okungenhla, ukutholwa kanye nokuqoshwa kokushisa kwinqubo yokwelashwa okushisa kubaluleke kakhulu, futhi ukulawulwa kokushisa okungalungile kunomthelela omkhulu kumkhiqizo. Ngakho-ke, ukutholwa kwezinga lokushisa kubaluleke kakhulu, ukuthambekela kokushisa kuyo yonke inqubo nakho kubaluleke kakhulu, okuholele ekutheni inqubo yokwelashwa kokushisa kufanele iqoshwe ekushintsheni kokushisa, kodwa futhi ukubona ukuthi izinga lokushisa lihlangabezana nalolo yini izidingo. Lokhu kuzodlala indima enkulu kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni ukwelashwa okushisa ngokuzayo.
Izinqubo Zokusebenza
1, Hlanza indawo yokusebenza, hlola ukuthi ngabe ukuhlinzekwa kwamandla, amathuluzi wokulinganisa nokushintshwa okuhlukahlukene kuyinto evamile, nokuthi umthombo wamanzi ubushelelezi.
2, opharetha kufanele bagqoke imishini yokuvikela abavikeli bebasebenzi, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzoba yingozi.
3, vula i-control power Universal Transfer switch switch, ngokuya ngezidingo zobuchwepheshe zemishini eyenziwe izigaba zokushisa zikhuphuka futhi ziwe, ukwelula impilo yemishini nemishini engasebenzi.
4, Ukunaka ukufudumala kwe-Heat Treatment TreatHetrem yokushisa kanye ne-Mesh Belt Speed Consument, kungakwazi kahle amazinga okushisa adingekayo ezinto zokwakha ezahlukahlukene, ukuqinisekisa ubulukhuni bomsebenzi wokusebenza kanye nokuqonda okungaphezulu kwe-oxidation, bese wenza umsebenzi omuhle wokuphepha.
I-5, ukunaka izinga lokushisa lomlilo elinothile kanye nejubane le-mesh Belt, vula umoya wokuqeda umoya, ukuze umsebenzi wokwenza umsebenzi ngemuva kokufudumala ukufeza izidingo zekhwalithi.
6, emsebenzini kufanele unamathele kokuthunyelwe.
7, ukumisa imishini yomlilo edingekayo, futhi ujwayelene nezindlela zokusebenzisa nokugcina.
8, lapho simisa umshini, kufanele sibheke ukuthi wonke ama-switches okulawulwa asesimweni sokucisha, bese uvale ukushintshwa kwe-Universal Transfer.
Ukushisa ngokweqile
Kusuka emlonyeni we-roller izesekeli ezithwala izingxenye zingabonakala ngemuva kokucisha ngokweqile ngokweqile. Kepha ukuthola izinga eliqondile lokushisa ngokweqile kumele ligcine i-misftructure. Uma ku-GCR15 yensimbi eqeda ukuqeda inhlangano ngokuvela kweseliti yama-coarse, kucisha inhlangano eshisayo. Isizathu sokwakheka kokushisa kokushisa lokushisa singaphezulu kakhulu noma ukufudumeza nokubamba isikhathi eside kubangelwa yisikhathi esigcwele sokushisa ngokweqile; Kungenzeka futhi ngenxa yenhlangano yokuqala ye-carbide ye-band, endaweni ephansi yekhabhoni phakathi kwamaqembu amabili ukwakha inaliti ye-martensite yasendaweni eyakhayo. Insalela Aucenite enhlanganweni ebabazekayo iyanda, futhi uzinzo okubucayi kuyancipha. Ngenxa yokushibilika kwenhlangano eqeda ukuqeda, i-crystal yensimbi inama-coarse, okuholela ekwehlisweni kobunzima bezingxenye, ukumelana nomthelela kuncishisiwe, futhi impilo ye-haring nayo iyancishiswa. Ukukhanya ngokweqile kungadala ngisho nokucinga imifantu.
Ukuhlehlisa
Ukucisha izinga lokushisa kungukuphola okuphansi noma okumpofu kuzokhiqiza ngaphezu kwenhlangano ejwayelekile yaseTorrheni ku-misfructure, eyaziwa ngokuthi yinhlangano ebabazekayo, eyenza ukuqina kwenhlangano, okwenza ubulukhuni banciphiswe, kushukunyiswa impilo yezingxenye ze-roller ethwala.
Ukucima imifantu
Izingxenye ezithwala i-Roller eqenjini elisusayo nelipholile ngenxa yokuxineka kwangaphakathi okwakhiwe ukuqhekeka okubizwa ngokuthi ukucishwa kwemifantu. Izimbangela zalokho kufakelwa yilezi: Ngenxa yokuqubuka kokushisa ukushisa kuphakeme kakhulu noma ukupholisa kushesha kakhulu, ukushintshwa kwengcindezi okushisayo kanye nokushintshwa kwevolumu yensimbi enkulu enhlanganweni enkulu yensimbi; indawo yokusebenza yezinkinga zangempela (ezinjengemifantu engaphezulu noma imihuzuko) noma amaphutha angaphakathi ensimbi (njenge-slag, amabala angenangqondo, amabala amhlophe, izinsalela ezibucayi, izinsalela ezimhlophe, izinsalela ze-shrinkage, njll.) Ekuqedeni ukwakheka kokuhlushwa kwengcindezelo; ukukhiqizwa okukhulu komhlaba kanye nokwehlukaniswa kwe-carbide; izingxenye zicinywe ngemuva kokuguga azanele noma aze anganele; Ukuxineka okubandayo kwe-punch okubangelwa yinqubo yangaphambilini kukhulu kakhulu, kwakha ukugoqa, ukusikeka okujulile, ukusikeka okujulile, imiphetho yamafutha ebukhali nokunye. Ngamafuphi, imbangela yokucima imifantu ingaba munye noma ngaphezulu kwalezi zinto ezingenhla, ukuba khona kwengcindezi yangaphakathi yisizathu esikhulu sokwakhiwa kwemifantu eqeda ukuqeda. Ukucisha imifantu kujule futhi kube mnene, ngokuqhekeka okuqondile futhi akukho umbala oxidized endaweni ephukile. Imvamisa kungukuqhekeka okude noma ukuqhekeka okubunjwe ngendandatho kwikhola ethwala; Umumo ebholeni lensimbi ethwala ama-S-Shaped, T-Shape noma enziwe ngendandatho. Izici zenhlangano zokuqhekeka okuqedekayo akusona isimangalo se-decalrubulision nhlangothi zombili zokuqhekeka, zihlukaniswa ngokusobala kusuka ekuqhekekeni kwemifantu kanye nemifantu ebonakalayo.
Ukushisa kokushisa kokwelashwa
I-Nachi ithela izingxenye zokwelashwa okushisa, kukhona ukucindezela okushisayo kanye nokucindezela kwenhlangano, lokhu kucindezelwa kwangaphakathi kungahle kube ngaphezu kokushisa, ngoba kuguqulwe, ngoba i-foor ukwelashwa, isimo sokupholisa, isimo sokwelashwa okushisa asinakugwenywa. Yazi futhi kahle umthetho womthetho ungenza ukuguqulwa kwezingxenye zokuthwala (ezifana ne-oval yekhola, usayizi phezulu, njll.) Kubekwe epulazini elilawulayo, okulungele ukukhiqizwa. Kuyiqiniso, kwinqubo yokwelashwa kokushisa kokushayisana kwemishini kuzokwenza ukuthi izingxenye zezingxenye zizokwenza lokhu, kepha lokhu kuguquguquka kungasetjenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza ukunciphisa nokugwema.
Ukuqhekeka kwe-Ravil
Izesekeli ze-Roller enezingxenye ezisezinhlelweni zokwelashwa okushisa, uma kufuthelwa ku-oxidizing medium, ingaphezulu lizobe likhuphuke ukuze izingxenye zezingxenye ze-carbon mass carbon zincishisiwe, okuholela ekukhiqizeni okuhlosiwe komhlaba. Ukujula kwesendlalelo sokuhlobisa okungaphezulu kokungaphezu kokucutshungulwa kokugcina kwenani lokugcinwa kuzokwenza ukuthi izingxenye zishajeke. Ukuzimisela kokujula kwesendlalelo se-decordronization ebusweni ekuhlolweni kwe-metallographic kwendlela ye-metallographic etholakalayo kanye nendlela ye-microhardness. Ijika lokusatshalaliswa kwe-microhardness ye-warver elingaphezulu lisuselwa kwindlela yokulinganisa, futhi lingasetshenziswa njengendlela yokulamula.
Indawo ethambile
Ngenxa yokushisa okunganele, ukupholisa okupholile, ukuqeda okuhlangenwe nakho okubangelwa ubunzima bendawo engafanele ye-roller bearing izingxenye akuyona into eyanele eyaziwa ngokuthi yindawo ethambile. Kufana nokuthi ukukhiqizwa kwe-surface kungadala ukwehla okukhulu ngokuvimbela ukugqokwa komhlaba kanye nokuqina kokukhathala.
Isikhathi sePosi: Dec-05-2023