Insimbi engenasici ingatholakala yonke indawo empilweni, futhi kukhona zonke izinhlobo zamamodeli ayisithutha ukuhlukanisa. Namuhla ukuhlanganyela nawe i-athikili ukucacisa amaphuzu wolwazi lapha.
Insimbi engagqwali yisifinyezo sensimbi engenasici acift, umoya, umusi, amanzi nezinye izinto ezibuthakathaka noma insimbi engenacala yaziwa njengensimbi engenasici; Futhi izomelana nemidiya enamakhemikhali yokuwonaka (ama-acid, i-alkali, usawoti, kanye nokunye ukugcwala kwamakhemikhali) kwensimbi kubizwa ngensimbi engasho lutho nge-acid.
Insimbi engenacala ibhekisa emoyeni, umusi, amanzi kanye neminye imithombo yezindaba ezibuthakathaka ne-acid, i-alkali, usawoti kanye nokunye ukugcwala kwabezindaba ngamakhemikhali. Ekusebenzeni, imvamisa ebuthakathaka yemithombo yezindaba yokugcekeza yokugqwala okubizwa ngensimbi engenacala, nensimbi yamakhemikhali yokuphikisana nensimbi ebizwa ngensimbi engasho lutho. Ngenxa yokwehluka kokwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwalaba bobabili, okwedlule akuwona empeleni amelana nokugqwala kwemithombo yamakhemikhali, kuyilapho owokugcina ngokuvamile engenalutho. Ukumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi engenasici kuncike ezintweni ezenziwayo eziqukethwe yinsimbi.
Ukuhlukaniswa okujwayelekile
Ngokusho kwe-Metallogical Organisation
Ngokuvamile, ngokusho kwenhlangano ye-metallurgical, ama-steral ajwayelekile ahlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu: ama-autenitic steres, ama-flerritic steren steel kanye nama-martitic steres angenasici. Ngokwesisekelo senhlangano eyisisekelo ye-metallurgical yalezi zigaba ezintathu, i-duplex steel, i-teaturation iqinisa ama-steel angenasici kanye nama-alloy aphezulu aqukethe i-iron engu-50% atholakala ngezidingo ezithile nezinhloso.
1. Insimbi Engagqwali Engagqwali
I-matrix ekwakheni i-cubic crystal yokwakheka ye-auntenitic inhlangano (isigaba se-cy isigaba) ibuswa yi-non-magnetic, ikakhulukazi ngokubanda kubandayo ukuyenza iqiniswe (futhi ingahle iholele ezingeni elithile lobuthendi) yensimbi engenasici. I-American Iron Rines New Institute kuya ku-200 no-300 uchungechunge lwamalebula wezinombolo, njenge-304.
2. Insimbi Engagqwali Engagqwali
I-matrix ekwakhekeni kwe-cubic crystal yokwakheka kwe-Ferrite inhlangano (isigaba) inamandla, uMagnetic, ngokuvamile ayinakuba nzima ukwelashwa kokushisa, kepha ukusebenza kubandayo kungenza kuqiniswe insimbi engagqwali. Isikhungo se-American Iron and Steel saya ku-430 no-446 ngelebula.
3. Insimbi Engagqwali Engagqwali
I-matrix yinhlangano yeMartensitic (igxile emzimbeni noma i-cubic), kazibuthe, ngokushisa, ngokuvusa ukwelashwa kungaguqula izakhiwo zayo zemishini zensimbi engenasici. Isikhungo se-American Iron and Steel saya ku-410, 420, kanye nezibalo ezingama-440 zimakwe. I-Martensite inenhlangano ye-auntenitic emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, angaguqulwa abe ngumfemuni (okusho ukuthi lukhuni) lapho kupholile ekushiseni kwegumbi ngesilinganiso esifanele.
4. I-Auntenitic A Ferrite (Duplex) Steel engenacala
I-matrix inenhlangano yomibili ye-auntenitic ne-ferrite, okuqukethwe okuqukethwe yi-matrix yesigaba esincane kakhulu kuvame ukuba ngaphezulu kwe-15%, uMagnetic, kungaqiniswa ukusebenzela amakhaza ngensimbi engagqwali, i-329 yensimbi evamile engagqwali. Uma kuqhathaniswa nensimbi engenacala elingagqwali, amandla aphezulu e-dueplex, ukumelana nokugqwala kokugqwala kanye nokugqwala kwe-chloride ukucindezela kanye nokugqwala okukhonkotha kuyathuthukiswa kakhulu.
I-5
I-matrix yinhlangano ye-auntenitic noma i-martensitic, futhi ingaqina ukwelashwa okuqinisayo kwethala ukwenza kube nzima insimbi engagqwali. I-American Iron Ness Institute kuya ku-600 uchungechunge lwamalebula wedijithali, njenge-630, okungukuthi, 17-4ph.
Ngokuvamile, ngaphezu kwe-Alloys, ukumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi engenasici aphezulu, endaweni engaphansi kwe-coloritive, ungasebenzisa amandla aphezulu angenacala, uma kudingeka insimbi ephakeme kakhulu, ungasebenzisa i-martititic yensimbi yensimbi engenacala.
Izici nokusebenzisa
Inqubo engaphezulu
Ukuqina kokuqina
1. Ngoba imishini yensimbi yensimbi enqubweni yokugoqa, ama-rolls afuthelwa ukuguquguquka okuncane, okuphumela ekuqedeni ukuphambuka kokushuba kwepuleti, kuwugqinsi oluphakathi ezinhlangothini ezimbili zabancane. Ekulinganiseni ubukhulu bemithetho ye-Plate State kumele kukalwe phakathi kwekhanda lepuleti.
2. Isizathu sokubekezelelana sisuselwa emakethe nasekufunweni kwamakhasimende, ngokuvamile sihlukaniswe ngokubekezelelwa okukhulu nokuncane.
V. Ukukhiqiza, Izidingo Zokuhlola
1. Plate Plate
① Splice Sliple Plate Plate Joints for 100% RAY Uhlolo noma i-UT, Izinga elifanelekile: RT: ⅱ UT: ⅰ Izinga;
② Ngaphezu kwensimbi engenasici, i-Splice Plate Plate Sukule Ukushisa Ukushisa Ukushisa;
③ I-Tube Plate Hole Bridge ukuphambuka: Ngokuya ngefomula yokubala ububanzi be-hole Bridge: B = (S - D) - D1
Ububanzi obuncane bebhuloho lembobo: b = 1/2 (s - d) + c;
2. I-Tube Box Heat Ukwelashwa:
I-Carbon Steel, i-alloy yensimbi ephansi ifakwe ukwahlukaniswa okuhlukanisayo kwebhokisi lepayipi, kanye nebhokisi lepayipi lokuvuleka kwangaphakathi kwebhokisi lokushisa le-cylinder, ekusetshenzisweni kwe-welding for the cylinder puree teatte, kusetshenziswa i-flange kanye nokuhlukaniswa kokubekwa uphawu ngemuva ngemuva kokwelashwa okushisa.
3. Ukuhlolwa kwengcindezi
Lapho i-Shell Process Pressuring ingcindezi ingaphansi kwengcindezi yenqubo yeshubhu, ukuze ihlole ikhwalithi ye-Exchanger Tube ne-Tube Plate Connects
① Ingcindezi yohlelo lwe-Shell ukwandisa ingcindezi yokuhlola ngohlelo lwepayipi oluhambisana novivinyo lwe-hydraulic, ukubheka ukuthi ngabe ukuvuza kwamajoyithi wepayipi. (Noma kunjalo, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukucindezelwa kwefilimu okuyisisekelo kwegobolondo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-hydraulic ≤0.9relφφφφ
Lapho indlela engenhla ingafanele, igobolondo lingaba isivivinyo se-hydrostatic ngokuya ngengcindezi yasekuqaleni ngemuva kokudlula, bese igobolondo lokuhlolwa kwe-ammonia ukuvuza noma ukuhlolwa kwe-amonage.
Uhlobo luni lwensimbi engagqwali akulula ukugqwala?
Kunezici ezintathu eziphambili ezithinta ukugqwala kwensimbi engenasici:
1.Ukuqukethwe kwezinto ezenziwayo. Ngokuvamile, okuqukethwe kwe-chromium ku-10.5% yensimbi akulula ukugqwala. Ukuphakama kokuqukethwe kwe-chromium kanye nokuphikiswa kokugqwala kwe-nickel kungcono, njengokuqukethwe kwama-nickel wezilwane ezingama-304, okuqukethwe kwe-chromium ka-18% ~ 20%, i-steel engenasici ngokugcwele akuyona ukugqwala.
2. Inqubo yokushintshanisa yomenzi izothinta nokuphikiswa kokugqwala kwensimbi engenasici. Ubuchwepheshe bokubhema buhle, imishini ethuthukisiwe, ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe, isitshalo esikhulu sensimbi esingenasici sobabili ekuphathweni kwezinto ezenziwayo, ukususwa kokulawulwa kokupholisa, ngakho-ke ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo iyazinza, ngakho-ke ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo iyazinza futhi inempilo enhle, ayikho lula ukugqwala. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ezinye izinto ezincane zezitshalo zensimbi emuva, ubuchwepheshe emuva emuva, inqubo yokunqwabelana, ukungcola akunakususwa, ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo kuzokugqwala nakanjani.
3. Imvelo yangaphandle. Imvelo eyomile futhi enomoya akulula ukugqwala, ngenkathi umswakama womoya, isimo sezulu esiqhubekayo semvula, noma umoya oqukethe i-acidity kanye ne-alkalinity yemvelo kulula ukugqwala. 304 insimbi engagqwali, uma imvelo ezungezile imbi kakhulu futhi iyagqwala.
Ukugqwala kwensimbi engagqwali ukuthi ubhekana kanjani nakho?
Indlela ye-1.Chemical
Ngokuthatha unamathisele noma ufafaza ukuze usize izingxenye zalo ezivuthiwe ukuze ziphinde zibuyisele ukwakheka kwe-chromium oxide ifilimu ukuze ubuyisele ukumelana kwayo kokugqwala, ngemuva kokukhipha, ukuze kususwe konke ukungcola kanye nezinsalela ze-acid, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufeza ukugeza okufanele ngamanzi. Ngemuva kokuthi yonke into icutshungulwe futhi iphinde yaphonswa ngemishini yokupholisa, ingavalwa nge-polishing wax. Okwezindawo zokugqwala kwendawo zokugqwala kungasetshenziswa futhi 1: 1 uphethiloli, ingxube kawoyela nge-rag ehlanzekile ukusula izindawo zokugqwala zingaba.
2. Izindlela zemishini
Ukuhlanza isihlabathi, ukuhlanza ngengilazi noma izinhlayiya ze-ceramic ukuqhuma, izithiyo, ukuxubha kanye nokuphoqelela. Izindlela ezenziwa ngomshini zinamandla okusula ukungcoliswa okubangelwa izinto ezisuswe ngaphambilini, izinto zokupholisha noma izinto ezivinjelwe. Zonke izinhlobo zokungcola, ikakhulukazi izinhlayiya zensimbi zakwamanye amazwe, zingaba umthombo wokugqwala, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinomswakama. Ngakho-ke, izindawo ezihlanziwe ngomshini kufanele zihlanzwa ngokusemthethweni ngaphansi kwezimo ezomile. Ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela zemishini kuhlanza indawo yako kuphela futhi kungashintshi ukumelana nokugqwala kwezinto ezibonakalayo uqobo. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuthi kuphoqelele kabusha indawo nge-polishing imishini bese uyivala nge-polishing wax ngemuva kokuhlanzwa kwemishini.
Ithuluzi Ukusetshenziswa Okuvame ukusetshenziswa Amabanga Nezinsimbi Ezingagqwali
I-1.304 insimbi engagqwali. Inye yensimbi e-auntenitic engenasici ngohlelo lokusebenza olukhulu futhi isetshenziswe kakhulu, ilungele ukukhiqiza izingxenye zokubumba okujulile kanye neziqu ze-acid, nezinto ezahlukahlukene zezindikimba zezinsimbi, njll. Kungase futhi akhiqize nemishini nezingxenye zokushisa eziphansi.
2.304l insimbi engenacala. Ukuze uxazulule i-CR23C6 yezulu ebangelwa yinsimbi engama-304 engenacala kwezinye izimo lapho kunokuthambekela okungathi sína kokugqwala kwezinhlangano kanye nentuthuko yensimbi ephansi ye-carbon auntenitic, isimo sayo esisezingeni eliphansi sokuphikisana kakhulu kungcono kune-304 insimbi engagqwali. Ngaphezu kwamandla aphansi kancane, ezinye izakhiwo ezinensimbi engagqwali, ikakhulukazi esetshenziselwa imishini engamelana nokugqwala nezinto azikwazi ukwelashwa kwezixazululo, kungasetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zomzimba wensimbi.
3.304H insimbi engagqwali. I-304 insimbi engaphakathi yegatsha elingaphakathi, ingxenye ye-carbon mass in 0.04% ~ 0.10%, ukusebenza okuphezulu kakhulu kungcono kunensimbi engama-304 engagqwali.
4.316 Insimbi Engagqwali. Ku-10Cr18NI12 Steel ngokususelwa ekungeneni kwe-molybdenum, ukuze insimbi inokumelana kahle nokwehlisa ukumelana nabezindaba nokuphikisana nokukhulisa. Emanzi olwandle nakweminye imithombo yezindaba, ukumelana nokugqwala kungcono kunensimbi engama-304 engenasici, ikakhulukazi esetshenziselwa izinto zokuphikisana nokuphikisana nokuqina.
5.316l insimbi engenacala. I-Ultra-ephansi ye-carbon, ngokumelana kahle nokuqina kokuqina kwezingcweti, efanelekile ekwenziweni kosayizi obukhulu besigaba sezingxenye ze-welded nezinto zokusebenza, njengezisetshenziswa ze-petrochemical ezintweni ezivimbela ukukhuthazwa.
6.31h insimbi engagqwali. Igatsha langaphakathi lensimbi engaphakathi le-316 insimbi engenacala, ingxenye yekhabhoni yekhabhoni ye-0.04% -0.10%, ukusebenza okuphezulu kokushisa kungcono kunensimbi engama-316.
7.317 Insimbi Engagqwali. Ukuphikiswa kokugqwala kokuqina nokumelana nokumelana nokuphikisana kwensimbi engu-316l, esetshenziswa ekwenziweni kwemishini yokungamelana ne-petrochemical ne-organic acid corrosion.
8.321 Insimbi Engagqwali. I-Titanium yazinza insimbi engagqwali, ukungeza titanium ukuthuthukisa ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, futhi inezindawo ezinhle zokushisa eziphakeme zokushisa, zingathathelwa indawo ngensimbi ephansi ye-carbon auntenitic. Ngaphezu kokushisa okuphezulu kakhulu noma ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-hydrogen nezinye izikhathi ezikhethekile, isimo esijwayelekile asinconywa.
9.307 Insimbi Engagqwali. Insimbi ye-NIOBIM-EZIQINISEKILEYO E-AUTENLITIC STORENLL engenacala, i-niobium engezwe ukuze ithuthukise ukumelana nokugqwala komoya, ukuqina kwensimbi e-acid, i-welding yensimbi esetshenziswayo, amasimu avimbela ukushisa, njengokukhiqiza iziqukathi, amapayipi, Abashisi bokushisa, ama-shaft, izinsiza zezimboni esithandweni seshubhu nesithando somlilo kanye nokunye.
10.904l insimbi engagqwali. Insimbi ephelele ye-auntenitic ephelele, insimbi ebabazekayo e-auntenitic esungulwe yiFinland Otto Kemp, ingxenye yayo ye-nickel ibe yi-26%, kuma-acid amahle kakhulu afana ne-sulfuric, i-acetic, i-acid ye-phosphoric enjenge-sulfuric, futhi ngasikhathi sinye inokumelana okuhle ekugcekeni kwe-crevice kanye nokumelana nezinto zokucindezela zokugqwala. Ilungele ukugxila okuhlukahlukene kwe-sulfuric acid ngaphansi kwama-70 ℃, futhi inokumelana kahle kwe-acetic acid kanye ne-acid exubile ye-formic acid kanye ne-acetic acid yanoma yikuphi ukugxila noma yimuphi amazinga okushisa ngaphansi kwengcindezi ejwayelekile. I-asmesb yasekuqaleni i-ASMESS-625 ifaka kuma-alloys asuselwa ku-nickel, kanye nezimpawu ezintsha ezijwayelekile zensimbi engagqwali. I-China kuphela ibanga elilinganiselwa ku-015cr19NI26mo5cu2 Steel, abakhiqizi bamathuluzi abambalwa baseYurophu bensimbi esemqoka besebenzisa insimbi engenacala engu-904l, njenge-e + h's massmeter ukugeleza insimbi, i-rolex iwashi lensimbi libuye lisetshenziswe ngensimbi engu-904l.
11.440c insimbi engagqwali. Insimbi engenacala ngokungenacala, insimbi engenasici, insimbi engagqwali ngobulukhuni obukhulu, bunzima HRC57. Isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ekukhiqizweni kwama-nozzles, ama-bearings, ama-valve, ama-valve spool, izihlalo ze-valve, imikhono, iziqu ze-valve, njll.
12.17-4ph Insimbi Engagqwali. I-Martensitic Precistation iqinisa insimbi engenacala, Hardness HRC44, ngamandla aphezulu, ubunzima kanye nokuphikiswa kokugqwala, ayikwazi ukusetshenziselwa amazinga okushisa aphakeme kune-300 ℃. Inokumelana kahle nokugqwala kokugqwala kwawo womabili ama-acid asemkhathini kanye nosawoti, futhi ukumelana kwawo kokugqwala kuyafana nalokho kwensimbi engama-304 engagqwali kanye nensimbi engenacala, okusetshenziselwa izihlalo, izihlalo, izihlalo neziqu neziqu ze-valve.
Emsebenzini wezincwadi, okuhlanganiswe nobubanzi kanye nezinkinga zezindleko, i-oda elijwayelekile le-autenitic elingenasici lingu-304-304-36l-316-313 Ngokuvamile uthathe isinyathelo sokukhetha i-904L.
Ekukhetheni design, kuzovama ukuthi kube nezinto zokwakha nezinto zokusebenzisa amapayipi ngezimo eziphakeme, ikakhulukazi zokushisa kwe-chrome molybdenum kanye nengcindezi yokuqamba ama-chrome molybdenum kanye nengcindezi yokuqamba amanga, kufanele ukuthi ubheke izinga lokushisa elifanelekile nengcindezelo yegeyithi.
Ekukhetheni design wensimbi, kuvame ukuhlangana nezinhlelo ezahlukahlukene ezahlukahlukene, uchungechunge, amamaki wensimbi engenasici, izinga lokukhetha kufanele lisuselwe kwinqubo ethile yenqubo, izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi, izingxenye ezicindezelekile, ukugqwala kanye nezindleko nokunye ukubuka.
Isikhathi Sokuthumela: Oct-11-2023