Yini i-flange?
I-Flange ibe mfushane, nje igama elijwayelekile, elivame ukubhekisa emzimbeni wensimbi omiswe ngendlela efanayo ukuvula izimbobo ezimbalwa ezihleliwe, ngakho-ke kubukeka sengathi kuyamangaza, igama layo litholakala njenge-flange, igama laso lisuselwa ku-flange english. Ukuze ipayipi nokuxhumeka kwepayipi kwezingxenye, kuxhumeke ekugcineni kwepayipi, i-flange inesici sokuhlasela, izikulufo ukwenza ama-flange amabili axhumeke ngokuqinile, phakathi kwe-flange nge-gasket seal.
I-Flange iyizingxenye ezenziwe nge-disk, ezivame kakhulu e-Pipeline Engineering, i-Flange isetshenziswa ngababili.
Ngokuphathelene nezinhlobo zokuxhumana kwe-Flange, kunezakhi ezintathu:
- Amaphaphu
- gasket
- Ukuxhumeka kweBolt
Ezimweni eziningi, kukhona i-gasket ethile nezinto ezibonakalayo ze-bolt ezitholakele zenziwa ngento efanayo nengxenye yepayipi ye-flange. Ama-flanges ajwayelekile kakhulu angamandla angenasici. Ama-Flangeses, ngakolunye uhlangothi, atholakala ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto zokwakha ukuze azifanise nezidingo zesayithi. Ezinye zezinto zokwenziwa ze-flange ezivame kakhulu ziyi-monel, infol, ne-chrome molybdenum, kuya ngezidingo zangempela zesayithi. Ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu kokuqukethwe kufanele kuncike ohlotsheni lohlelo lapho ufisa ukusebenzisa khona i-flange ngezidingo ezithile.
7 Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zamaphashi
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-flanges ezingakhethwa ngokuya ngezidingo zesayithi. Ukufanisa ukwakheka kwe-flange ekahle, ukusebenza okuthembekile kanye nempilo yenkonzo ende kufanele kuqinisekiswe futhi inani elifanele kakhulu kufanele libhekwe.
1. I-Finger Flange:
Ama-Flanges ahlanganisiwe, anentambo eFlange ephethe, afakwe imicu yangaphandle ekufanelekile. Ukuxhumeka okufakiwe lapha kuhloselwe ukugwema ukufudumala kuzo zonke izimo. Ixhumeke kakhulu ngokuqhathanisa imicu ngepayipi elizofakwa.
2. Socket Weld Flanges
Lolu hlobo lwe-flange luvame ukusetshenziselwa amapayipi amancane lapho ububanzi bokushisa okuphansi kanye nesifunda esiphansi kubonakaliswa ngoxhumano lapho ipayipi libekwe ngaphakathi kwe-flange ukuze iqinisekise ukuxhumana ne-fillet fillet eyodwa. Lokhu kugwema izingqinamba ezihambisana neziphetho ze-threaded njengoba kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo ze-flange ezi-welded, ngaleyo ndlela zifaka zilula.
3. Ama-Flanges we-Lap
I-Flange ye-Lap uhlobo lwe-flange oludinga ukuthi i-stub iphele ukuba ibe yi-butt-idred ibe yinto efanelekile ukuze isetshenziswe nge-flange evuthayo. Lo mklamo wenze le ndlela idume ezinhlelweni ezahlukahlukene lapho indawo yomzimba ilinganiselwe khona, noma lapho kudingeka khona ukwakheka okujwayelekile, noma lapho kudingeka khona ukulungiswa kwezinga eliphakeme.
4. Ama-Flanges ashelelayo
Ama-flanges ashelelayo ajwayelekile futhi atholakala ezinhlobonhlobo zosayizi ukuze avumelane nezinhlelo ngamanani aphezulu okugeleza kanye nemibhalo. Mane nje ufanisa i-flange kububanzi bangaphandle kwepayipi yenza ukuxhumana kube lula kakhulu ukuyifaka. Ukufakwa kwalawa ama-flanges kuyinto ebuchwepheshe kancane njengoba kudinga i-fillet welding kuzo zombili izinhlangothi ukuvikela i-flange kwipayipi.
5. Izimpumputhe Flanges
Lezi zinhlobo zama-flanges zilungele kahle ukunqanyulwa kwezinhlelo zamapayipi. Ipuleti elingaboni libunjwe njengediski engenalutho engagoqwa. Lapho lokhu kufakwe kahle futhi kuhlanganiswe ne-gasket efanele, kuvumela i-seal enhle kakhulu futhi kulula ukuyikhipha lapho kudingeka.
I-6. I-Weld Neck Flanges
Ama-flanges entamo we-weld afana kakhulu nama-flanges we-lap, kepha adinga i-butt welding ukuze ifakwe. Futhi ubuqotho bokusebenza kwalolu hlelo kanye nekhono layo lokugoba kaningi futhi kusetshenziswe ekucindezelweni okuphezulu kanye nezinhlelo eziphakeme zokushisa kwenza kube ukukhetha okuyisisekelo kwamapayipi ecubungula.
7. Ama-Flanges akhethekile
Lolu hlobo lwe-flange luyinto ejwayelekile kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukahlukene ze-Flange izinhlobo ezitholakalayo ukuze zivumelane nezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokusebenzisa kanye nezindawo. Kunezinye izinketho ezahlukahlukene ezinjenge-nipo flanges, ama-weldo flanges, amafafanisi wokunweba, ama-orifices, izintamo ezinde zemvubelo kanye nama-flanges anciphise.
Izinhlobo ezi-5 ezikhethekile zamafulethi
1. WeldoE fhlala
I-Weldo Flange ifana kakhulu ne-NIPO Flange njengoba kuyinhlanganisela yama-butt-welding flanges kanye nokuxhunyaniswa okulingana kwegatsha. Ama-Flanges weWello akhiwe ngocezu olulodwa lwensimbi eqinile ekhethwe, kunokuba izingxenye zomuntu ngamunye zifakwe ndawonye.
2. I-NIPO Flange
I-Nipoflange iyipayipi yegatsha ithambekele e-angle yama-degree angama-90, kungumkhiqizo owenziwe ngokuhlanganisa i-butt-welding flanges futhi wakha i-nipolet. Ngenkathi i-NIPO Flange itholakala njengengxenye eyodwa eqinile yensimbi eqinile, ayiqondakali ukuthi ibe yimikhiqizo emibili ehlukene i-nipofet iqukethe ipayipi kanye nokubhidliza ingxenye ye-flange yepayipi nge-fiping crew.
Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ama-nipo Flanges atholakala ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zezinto ezifana nekhabhoni, aphezulu kanye namazinga okushisa e-carbon, ama-nickel alloys.nipo ama-flanges asiza ukuwanika amandla akhiqizwayo uma kuqhathaniswa ne-flange ejwayelekile ye-NIPO.
3. I-Elboflange ne-LatRoflange
I-Elboflange yaziwa ngokuthi inhlanganisela ye-flange ne-elbolet ngenkathi i-latroflange yaziwa njengenhlanganisela ye-flange ne-latet. I-Elbow Flango isetshenziselwa amapayipi egatsha e-45 degree angle.
4. Ama-Swivel Ring Flanges
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-swivel ring flanges ukwenza lula ukuhambisana kwezimbobo ze-bolt phakathi kwezibani ezimbili ezibhangqiwe, okusiza kakhulu ezimweni eziningi, njengokufakwa kwamapayipi amakhulu abuyisiwe, amapayipi angaphansi komhlaba noma amapayipi asogwini nezindawo ezifanayo. Lezi zinhlobo zama-flangese zilungele ukufunwa uketshezi emafutheni, igesi, ama-hydrocarbon, amanzi, amakhemikhali nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-petrochemical kanye nokuphathwa kwamanzi.
Endabeni yamapayipi amakhulu abubanzi, ipayipi lifakwe nge-butt yelt weld flange ngasikhathi sinye nesi-swivel flange kwenye. Lokhu kusebenza ngokumane ujikeleze i-swivel flange epayipini ukuze opharetha afezeke kahle kwezimbobo ze-bolt ngendlela elula kakhulu futhi esheshayo.
Amanye amazinga amakhulu ama-swivel ring flanges angama-asme noma i-ANSI, DIN, BS, en, i-ISO, nabanye. Enye yezindinganiso ezithandwa kakhulu kwezicelo ze-petrochemical yi-ANSI noma i-ASME B16.5 noma i-ASME B16.47. Ama-flanges we-Swivel angamafathi angasetshenziswa kuwo wonke ama-Flange ajwayelekile ama-flange. Isibonelo, izintamo ze-weld, slip ons, amalunga we-lap, ama-welds we-socket, njll.
5. Ukuvuselela amavutha
Ama-flansion e-expnsion, asetshenziselwa ukukhulisa usayizi omkhulu wepayipi kusuka kunoma yiliphi iphuzu kwelinye ukuze axhume ipayipi kunoma iyiphi enye imishini emishini efana namaphampu, ama-compressors, nama-valve atholakala abe nosayizi ohlukile we-inlet.
Ama-flansion ama-flansion avame ukuba yi-butt-welded flanges enomgodi omkhulu kakhulu endaweni engavuthiwe. Ingasetshenziswa ukwengeza osayizi nje noma amabili noma amasentimitha amane ku-Running Pise. Lezi zinhlobo zama-flanges zithandwa ngokuhlanganiswa kwama-butt-weld amukeli kanye nama-flangeli ajwayelekile ngoba ashibhile futhi alula. Enye yezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ezisetshenziselwa ama-flanges ezandiswa yi-A105 ne-Stainless ASTM A182.
Ama-flansion e-expnsion atholakala ekuhlolweni kwengcindezi nosayizi ngokuya nge-ANSI noma i-ASME B16.5 imininingwane, etholakala ngokuyinhloko i-convex noma i-flat (RF noma i-FF). Ukunciphisa ama-Flanges, owaziwa nangokuthi ukunciphisa ama-flanges, anikele umsebenzi ophambene ngqo uma kuqhathaniswa ama-flansion, okusho ukuthi asetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ubukhulu bepayipi. Ububanzi obubolile bokugijima kwepayipi bungancishiswa kalula, kepha hhayi ngosayizi abangaphezu kwe-1 noma 2. Uma kwenziwa umzamo wokunciphisa lokhu, isixazululo esisuselwa kwinhlanganisela yama-butt-welded reducers kanye nama-flangetes ajwayelekile kufanele asetshenziswe.
I-Flange Siling kanye nokucatshangelwa okuvamile
Ngaphezu komklamo osebenzayo we-flange, usayizi wayo isici okungenzeka ukuthi sithonye ukukhetha kwe-flange lapho siklama, sigcina futhi sivuselela uhlelo lwamapayipi. Esikhundleni salokho, kufanele kucatshangelwe ku-interface ye-flange ngepayipi kanye nama-gaskets asetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukugcwala okufanele. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, okunye ukucatshangelwa okuvamile kungokulandelayo:
- Ububanzi obungaphandle: ububanzi obungaphandle bubanga phakathi kwemiphetho emibili ebhekene nobuso be-flange.
- Ubukhulu: ubukhulu bukalwa kusuka ngaphandle kwe-rim.
- I-Bolt Circle Direyingu: Leli ibanga phakathi kwezimbobo ze-bolt ezihlobene ezilinganiswe kusuka enkabeni kuya enkabeni.
- Usayizi wePipe: Usayizi wepayipi usayizi ohambelana ne-flange.
- Okuhlangene
I-Flange Classification and Service Level
Ama-Flanges ahlukaniswe ngokuyinhloko ngekhono labo lokumelana namazinga okushisa ahlukahlukene nezingcindezi. Kukhethwe ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlamvu noma izijobelelo "#", "lb" noma "isigaba". Lezi izijobelelo eziguqukayo futhi futhi ziyahlukahluka ngesifunda noma umphakeli. Ukuhlukaniswa okujwayelekile okujwayelekile kubhalwe ngezansi:
- 150 #
- 300 #
- 600 #
- 900 #
- 1500 #
- 2500 #
Ukucindezela okufanayo nokubekezelela izinga lokushisa kuyahlukahluka ngokuya ngezinto ezisetshenzisiwe, ukwakheka kwe-flange nosayizi we-flange. Kodwa-ke, okuwukuphela kwe-njalo, isilinganiso sokucindezela, esincipha njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka.
Uhlobo lobuso be-Flange
Uhlobo lobuso lubuye lube yisici esibaluleke kakhulu esinomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kokugcina kanye nempilo yenkonzo ye-flange. Ngakho-ke, ezinye izinhlobo ezibaluleke kakhulu zobuso be-Flange zihlaziywa ngezansi:
1. Flat Flange (FF)
Ingaphezulu le-gasket le-flat flace lisendizeni efanayo njengoba ingaphezulu lefreyimu evuthiwe. Izimpahla ezisebenzisa ama-flat flanse Ama-flate flates akufanele abekwe kuma-flanges aseceleni ahlanekezelwe.Asme B31.1 athi lapho ejoyina i-flat cast iron flanges emafulethini e-carbon steel flanges, ubuso obuphakanyisiwe ku-gasset yensimbi egcwele kufanele buyadingeka. Lokhu ukuvikela ama-flanges amancane, ama-brittle asakaza ama-flanges avela ekushisekeni ku-void eyenziwe ekhaleni eliphakanyisiwe le-flange yensimbi yekhabhoni ekhazimulayo.
Lolu hlobo lobuso obuhle busetshenzisiwe ekwenziweni kwemishini nama-valve kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho kukhiqizwa khona i-iron. I-Iron Iron i-brittle ngokwengeziwe futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa kuphela kokushisa okuphansi, izinhlelo zokusebenza eziphansi zokucindezela. Ubuso obucaba buvumela bobabili ama-flangese ukuthi axhumane ngokuphelele ngaphezulu kobuso bonke. Ama-Flangele (FF) (FF) anakho indawo yokuxhumana okungukuphakama okufanayo njengentambo ye-bolt ye-flange. Ama-Washers abusweni aphelele asetshenziswa phakathi kwama-flanges amabili afulethi futhi ajwayele ukuthamba. Ngokusho kwe-ASME B31.3, ama-Flanges afuywayo akufanele ashaywe ngama-flanges aphakeme ngenxa yamathuba okuvuza kusuka ekuhlanganiseni okubangelwe.
2. Ukuphakanyiswa-ubuso be-Flange (RF)
I-Flange ebusweni ephakanyisiwe inguhlobo oluvame kakhulu olusetshenziswa kwizicelo zezindwangu futhi liyamukelwa kalula. Ibizwa ngokuthi i-covex ngoba ubuso be-gasket busendaweni engenhla kobuso bendandatho ye-bolt. Uhlobo ngalunye lokubheka ludinga ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo eziningana zama-gaskets, kufaka phakathi amathebhu ahlukahlukene ama-flat ring kanye nezinhlanganisela zensimbi ezinjengefomu le-siprow-inva
Ama-flanges we-RF aklanyelwe ukugxilisa ukucindezela okwengeziwe endaweni encane ye-gasket, ngaleyo ndlela enze ngcono ukulawulwa kwengcindezi kokuhlanganiswa. Ama-Diameters kanye nokuphakama kwenqanaba lengcindezi nobubanzi kuchazwa ku-ASME B16.5. Izinga le-Flange Testures licacisa ukuphakama kobuso obuphakanyisiwe.RF Flanges kuhloswe ngalo ukugxilisa ukugxila kwengcindezi endaweni encane ye-gasket, i-Heights nge-ASME B16.5. Ingcindezi izilinganiso ze-flange.
3. I-Ring Flange (RTJ)
Lapho kudingeka uphawu lwensimbi-to-metal phakathi kwama-flangeni abili
I-Ring Joint Joint Flange ine-groove eyindilinga ethola i-Gial Joint Joint Gasket (Oval noma unxande).
Lapho ama-flanges amabili ahlangene ahlanganiswe ndawonye bese eqinisa, okusetshenzisiwe kwe-bolt Force kukhubaza i-gasket ku-groove ye-flange, edala uphawu lwensimbi oluqinile kakhulu. Ukuze ufeze lokhu, okubonakalayo kwe-gasket yendandatho ehlanganayo kufanele kube ukuthambisa (i-ductile eyengeziwe) kunezinto ezibonakalayo.
Ama-flanges e-RTJ angavalwa ngama-stj ama-gaskets ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene (R, RX, BX) kanye namaphrofayili (isib., Octagonal / Elliptical for R Type).
I-GTJ Gasket evame kakhulu i-RTJ iyingxenye ye-Octagonal Cross-ngxenye, njengoba iqinisekisa uphawu oluqinile kakhulu (isigaba se-oval, isigaba esidala). Kodwa-ke, i-design "ye-groove" eyisicaba iyemukela zombili izinhlobo zama-stj gaskets nge-octagonal noma i-oval cross-isigaba.
I-4. Ulimi kanye neGroove Flanges (T & G)
Ulimi olubili kanye nama-floove flanges (T & G ubuso) kufanelekile kahle: I-Flange eyodwa inendandatho ephakanyisiwe kanti enye inama-grooves lapho angena khona kalula (ulimi lungena ku-groove futhi lubopha okuhlanganisiwe).
Ulimi kanye nama-groove flanges atholakala ngosayizi amakhulu nosayizi omncane.
I-5
Okufanayo nolimi kanye nama-groove flanges, ama-flanges awesilisa nowesifazane (izinhlobo zobuso be-M & F) zihambisana.
I-Flange eyodwa inendawo edlulela ngale ndawo yayo engaphezulu, i-flange yesilisa, kanti enye i-flange inokufanisa inhlekelele ibekwe endaweni ebhekene nayo, i-Flange yabesifazane.
Qeda i-Flange Surface
Ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi i-fit efanelekile ye-flange ku-gasket kanye ne-fiting flange, indawo evuthayo ye-ff idinga isilinganiso esithile sobulukhuni (i-RF kanye ne-ff flange iphetha kuphela). Uhlobo lobulukhuni bendawo yobuso be-flange uchaza uhlobo lwe- "Flange Pred".
Izinhlobo ezejwayelekile ziyisitoko, zigxiliwe, zivutha, zivunguza zivukile futhi zibushelelezi ze-flange zobuso.
Kunemikhawulo emine eyisisekelo yokuqeda ama-flanges ensimbi, noma kunjalo, inhloso ejwayelekile yanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-Flange Survance Qeda ukukhiqiza ubulukhuni obufisayo endaweni ye-Flange, i-gasket kanye ne-aiting Flange ukunikeza uphawu olusezingeni elifanele.
Isikhathi sePosi: Oct-08-2023