Iyini i-flange?
I-Flange ngamafuphi, igama elivamile nje, ngokuvamile libhekisela kumzimba wensimbi omise okwe-disk ukuvula izimbobo ezimbalwa ezingaguquki, ezisetshenziselwa ukuxhuma ezinye izinto, lolu hlobo lwento lusetshenziswa kabanzi emishinini, ngakho-ke lubukeka luyinqaba kancane, njengoba njengoba nje yaziwa ngokuthi i-flange, igama layo lisuselwa ku-flange yesiNgisi.ukuze ipayipi kanye nokuxhumana kwepayipi kwezingxenye, okuxhunywe ekupheleni kwepayipi, i-flange ine-aperture, izikulufa zokwenza ama-flanges amabili Axhumeke ngokuqinile, phakathi kwe-flange nge-gasket seal.
I-Flange iyizingxenye ezine-disk, ezivame kakhulu kubunjiniyela bepayipi, i-flange isetshenziswa ngababili.
Ngokuphathelene nezinhlobo zokuxhuma kwe-flange, kunezingxenye ezintathu:
- Amapayipi amapayipi
- Gasket
- Ukuxhumeka kwe-Bolt
Ezimweni eziningi, kukhona i-gasket ethize kanye ne-bolt material etholakalayo eyenziwe ngento efanayo nengxenye ye-pipe flange.Ama-flange avame kakhulu ama-flange ensimbi engagqwali.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-flange atholakala ngezinto ezihlukahlukene ukuze ahambisane nezidingo zesayithi.Ezinye zezinto ezivame kakhulu ze-flange yi-monel, i-inconel, ne-chrome molybdenum, kuye ngezidingo zangempela zesayithi.Ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu kwezinto kufanele kuncike ohlotsheni lwesistimu ofisa ukusebenzisa i-flange enezidingo ezithile.
Izinhlobo ezingu-7 ezivamile zamaFlange
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-flange ezingakhethwa ngokuvumelana nezidingo zesayithi.Ukufanisa ukuklama kwe-flange efanelekile, ukusebenza okuthembekile kanye nempilo ende yesevisi kufanele kuqinisekiswe futhi inani elifanele kakhulu kufanele licatshangelwe.
1. i-flange enentambo:
Ama-flange anemicu, anomucu ku-flange bore, afakwe imicu yangaphandle ekufakeni.Ukuxhumana okunentambo lapha kuhloswe ukugwema ukushisela kuzo zonke izimo.Ixhunywe ngokuyinhloko ngezintambo ezifanayo nepayipi ezofakwa.
2. Ama-socket weld flanges
Lolu hlobo lwe-flange luvame ukusetshenziselwa amapayipi amancane lapho ububanzi bokushisa obuphansi kanye nesifunda sokucindezela okuphansi kubonakala ngokuxhuma lapho ipayipi ifakwe ngaphakathi kwe-flange ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuxhumana nge-weld eyodwa noma eminingi ye-fillet.Lokhu kugwema izithiyo ezihlobene neziphetho ezinentambo uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo ze-flange ezishiselwe, ngaleyo ndlela kwenze ukufaka kube lula.
3. Ama-Lap flanges
I-lap flange iwuhlobo lwe-flange oludinga ukuthi isiphetho se-stub sishiswe ngezinqe ukuze silingane ukuze sisetshenziswe nge-flange yokusekela ukwakha uxhumano oluvulekile.Lo mklamo wenze le ndlela idume ezinhlelweni ezihlukahlukene lapho indawo ebonakalayo ilinganiselwe, noma lapho kudingeka khona ukuhlakazeka njalo, noma lapho kudingeka khona ukugcinwa okuphezulu.
4. Ama-flange ashelelayo
Ama-sliding flange ajwayelekile kakhulu futhi atholakala ngobukhulu obuhlukahlukene ukuze avumelane nezinhlelo ezinamazinga aphezulu okugeleza kanye nokuphumayo.Ukufanisa nje i-flange nobubanzi obungaphandle bepayipi kwenza ukuxhumana kube lula kakhulu ukukufaka.Ukufakwa kwalawa ma-flange kuwubuchwepheshe kancane njengoba kudinga ukushiselwa kwe-fillet ezinhlangothini zombili ukuze kuvikeleke i-flange epayipini.
5. Ama-flange ayimpumputhe
Lezi zinhlobo zama-flange zifaneleka kahle ukuqedwa kwezinhlelo zamapayipi.Ipuleti eliyimpumputhe limise okwediski elingenalutho elingaboshelwa.Uma lezi zifakwe kahle futhi zihlanganiswe ne-gasket efanele, ivumela uphawu oluhle kakhulu futhi kulula ukuyisusa lapho kudingeka.
6. I-Weld Neck Flanges
I-Weld neck flange ifana kakhulu ne-lap flanges, kodwa idinga i-butt welding ukuze ifakwe.Futhi ubuqotho bokusebenza kwalolu hlelo kanye nekhono layo lokugoba izikhathi eziningi futhi lisetshenziswe kumfutho ophezulu kanye namasistimu okushisa aphezulu kuyenza ibe inketho eyinhloko yenqubo yokufaka amapayipi.
7. Okukhethekile flanges
Lolu hlobo lwe-flange yilona olujwayeleke kakhulu.Kodwa-ke, kunohlu olubanzi lwezinhlobo ze-flange ezikhethekile ezengeziwe ezitholakalayo ukuze zivumelane nokusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene nendawo.Kunezinye izinketho ezihlukahlukene ezifana nama-nipo flanges, ama-weldo flanges, ama-flanges okwandisa, ama-orifices, izintamo ezinde zokushisela kanye nama-reducers flange.
Izinhlobo ezi-5 ezikhethekile zamaFlange
1. WeldoFlange
I-Weldo flange ifana kakhulu ne-Nipo flange njengoba iyinhlanganisela yama-butt-welding flanges kanye noxhumo olufaka amagatsha.Ama-Weldo flange enziwe ngocezu olulodwa lwensimbi eqinile eyakhiwe, kunokuba izingxenye ngazinye zihlanganiswe ndawonye.
2. Nipo flange
I-Nipoflange iyipayipi yegatsha ethambekele e-engeli engu-90 degrees, iwumkhiqizo owenziwe ngokuhlanganisa ama-butt-welding flanges kanye ne-Nipolet eyenziwe ngomgunyathi.Nakuba i-Nipo flange itholakala iwucezu olulodwa oluqinile lwensimbi efojiwe, akuqondwa njengemikhiqizo emibili ehlukene eshiselwe ndawonye. ingxenye yepayipi le-stub flange ngabasebenzi bamapayipi.
Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ama-Nipo flange atholakala ezinhlotsheni ezihlukahlukene zezinto ezifana nekhabhoni, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme neliphansi le-carbon steels, amamaki ensimbi engagqwali, nama-nickel alloys.Ama-Nipo flanges enziwa kakhulu ngokwenziwa okuqinisiwe, okusiza ukuwanikeza imishini eyengeziwe. amandla uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Nipo flange ejwayelekile.
3. Elboflange kanye Latroflange
I-Elboflange yaziwa njengenhlanganisela ye-flange ne-Elbolet kanti i-Latroflange yaziwa njengenhlanganisela ye-flange ne-Latrolet.Ama-elbow flange asetshenziselwa amapayipi egatsha nge-engeli engu-45 degree.
4. Ama-flange wendandatho ephendukayo
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-swivel ring flange ukwenza kube lula ukuqondanisa kwezimbobo zamabhawodi phakathi kwama-flange amabili abhanqiwe, okuwusizo kakhulu ezimeni eziningi, njengokufakwa kwamapayipi amakhulu obubanzi, amapayipi angaphansi kwamanzi noma asogwini kanye nezimo ezifanayo.Lezi zinhlobo zama-flange zilungele uketshezi olufunayo kuwoyela, igesi, ama-hydrocarbon, amanzi, amakhemikhali kanye nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zokulawulwa kwe-petrochemical kanye namanzi.
Endabeni yamapayipi amakhulu obubanzi, ipayipi ifakwe i-standard butt weld flange kwelinye icala kanye ne-flange ejikelezayo kwenye.Lokhu kusebenza ngokuzungezisa kalula i-swivel flange epayipini ukuze u-opharetha afinyelele ukuqondanisa okufanele kwezimbobo zamabholithi ngendlela elula futhi esheshayo.
Amanye amazinga amakhulu ama-swivel ring flange yi-ASME noma i-ANSI, i-DIN, i-BS, i-EN, i-ISO, namanye.Enye yezindinganiso ezidume kakhulu zokusetshenziswa kwe-petrochemical i-ANSI noma i-ASME B16.5 noma i-ASME B16.47.Ama-Swivel flange angama-flange angasetshenziswa kuzo zonke izimo ezijwayelekile ze-flange.Isibonelo, izintamo zokushisela, ama-slip on, ama-lap joints, ama-socket welds, njll., kuwo wonke amamaki ezinto ezibonakalayo, ngosayizi obanzi ukusuka ku-3/8" kuya ku-60", kanye nezingcindezi ezivela ku-150 kuya ku-2500. lawa ma-flange angaba kalula eyenziwe nge-carbon, i-alloy, nezinsimbi ezingenasici.
5. Ama-flange okwandisa
Ama-flange okunweba, asetshenziselwa ukukhulisa usayizi wokubhoboza wepayipi ukusuka kunoma iyiphi indawo ukuya kwenye ukuze kuxhunywe ipayipi kunoma iyiphi enye into eyimishini efana namaphampu, ama-compressor, nama-valve atholakala enosayizi abahlukene bokungena.
Ama-flange okunweba ngokuvamile ama-flange ane-butt-welded anembobo enkulu kakhulu ekugcineni okungeyona i-flanged.Ingasetshenziselwa ukwengeza usayizi owodwa noma ababili noma kufika kumayintshi angu-4 kubhore yepayipi eligijimayo.Lezi zinhlobo zama-flange zikhethwa ngaphezu kwenhlanganisela yezinqamuleli ze-butt-weld kanye nama-flange ajwayelekile ngoba ashibhile futhi alula.Enye yezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhuliseni ama-flange yi-A105 nensimbi engagqwali ASTM A182.
Ama-flange okunweba ayatholakala ezilinganisweni zengcindezi nosayizi ngokuhambisana ne-ANSI noma i-ASME B16.5 imininingwane, etholakala ngokuyinhloko i-convex noma flat (RF noma FF).Ukunciphisa ama-flange, okubuye kwaziwe ngokuthi ama-flange anciphisa, asebenza ngokuphambene ncamashi nama-flange okunweba, okusho ukuthi asetshenziselwa ukunciphisa usayizi wokubhoboza wepayipi.I-diameter ye-bore yokugijima kwepayipi ingancishiswa kalula, kodwa hhayi ngamasayizi angaphezu kwe-1 noma ama-2.Uma kwenziwa umzamo wokunciphisa ngale kwalokhu, isixazululo esisekelwe ekuhlanganiseni kwezinqamuleli ezishiselwe izinqe kanye nama-flange ajwayelekile kufanele kusetshenziswe.
Usayizi we-Flange kanye Nokucatshangelwa Okujwayelekile
Ngaphezu komklamo osebenzayo we-flange, ubukhulu bayo buyisici okungenzeka kakhulu sibe nomthelela ekukhethweni kwe-flange lapho uklama, unakekela futhi ubuyekeza uhlelo lwamapayipi.Esikhundleni salokho, kufanele kucatshangelwe ukuxhumana kwe-flange nepayipi kanye nama-gaskets asetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukulinganisa okufanele.Ngaphezu kwalokhu, ezinye izibonelo ezivamile zimi kanje:
- I-diameter yangaphandle: I-diameter yangaphandle yibanga eliphakathi kwemiphetho emibili ephambene yobuso be-flange.
- Ukujiya: Ukujiya kukalwa ngaphandle kwerimu.
- I-Bolt Circle Diameter: Leli yibanga eliphakathi kwezimbobo zamabhawodi ezilinganisiwe ukusuka enkabeni kuye enkabeni.
- Usayizi Wepayipi: Usayizi wepayipi ubukhulu obuhambisana ne-flange.
- I-Nominal Bore: I-bore yegama ingusayizi wobubanzi bangaphakathi besixhumi se-flange.
I-Flange Classification kanye Nezinga Lesevisi
Ama-flange ahlukaniswa ngokuyinhloko ngokukwazi kwawo ukumelana namazinga okushisa ahlukene nezingcindezi.Iqokwa ngokusetshenziswa kwezinhlamvu noma izijobelelo "#", "lb" noma "class".Lezi izijobelelo eziguqulekayo futhi ziyahlukahluka ngendawo noma umphakeli.Izigaba ezaziwayo ezijwayelekile zibalwe ngezansi:
- 150#
- 300#
- 600#
- 900#
- 1500#
- 2500#
Ukucindezela okufanayo nokubekezelelana kwezinga lokushisa kuyahlukahluka kuye ngezinto ezisetshenzisiwe, ukuklama kwe-flange nosayizi we-flange.Nokho, okuwukuphela kwento engaguquki isilinganiso sokucindezela, esincipha njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka.
Uhlobo lobuso be-Flange
Uhlobo lobuso nalo luyisici esibaluleke kakhulu esinomthelela obalulekile ekusebenzeni kokugcina nempilo yesevisi ye-flange.Ngakho-ke, ezinye zezinhlobo ezibaluleke kakhulu zobuso be-flange zihlaziywa ngezansi:
1. I-Flange Eyisicaba (FF)
I-gasket surface ye-flange eyisicaba ikundiza efanayo nangaphezulu kohlaka oluboshwe.Izimpahla ezisebenzisa ama-flange ayisicaba ngokuvamile yilezo ezikhiqizwa ngesikhunta ukuze zifane nesembozo se-flange noma se-flange.Ama-flange ayisicaba akufanele abekwe kuma-flange aseceleni ahlanekezelwe.I-ASME B31.1 ithi uma uhlanganisa ama-flange ensimbi ayisicaba nama-flange ensimbi ye-carbon, ubuso obuphakanyisiwe kuma-flange ensimbi ye-carbon kufanele bususwe futhi i-gasket yobuso egcwele iyadingeka.Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuvimbela ama-flange ensimbi amancane, aphukayo ukuba angachaphazeli esikhaleni esakhiwe ikhala eliphakanyisiwe le-carbon steel flange.
Lolu hlobo lobuso be-flange lusetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwemishini nama-valve kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho kukhiqizwa khona insimbi.I-cast iron ishwabene futhi ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa izinga lokushisa eliphansi kuphela, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinengcindezi ephansi.Ubuso obuyisicaba buvumela ama-flange womabili ukuthintana ngokuphelele endaweni yonke.AmaFlange Ayisicaba (FF) anendawo yokuxhumana enobude obufana nentambo yebhawodi ye-flange.Amawasha obuso obugcwele asetshenziswa phakathi kwamaflange amabili ayisicaba futhi ngokuvamile athambile.Ngokuya nge-ASME B31.3, ama-flange ayisicaba akufanele ahlanganiswe nama-flange aphakeme ngenxa yamandla okuvuza kusukela ekuhlanganyeleni okuphekwe okuwumphumela.
2. I-Raised-Face Flange (RF)
I-face flange ephakanyisiwe iwuhlobo oluvame kakhulu olusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokwenziwa komqambi futhi lubonakala kalula.Ibizwa ngokuthi i-convex ngoba ubuso be-gasket butholakala ngaphezu kobuso bendandatho yebhawudo.Uhlobo ngalunye lokubhekana nalo ludinga ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo eziningana zama-gaskets, okuhlanganisa amathebhu endandatho ayisicaba kanye nezinhlanganisela zensimbi ezifana ne-spiral-wound kanye namafomu ane-sheathed kabili.
Ama-RF flange aklanyelwe ukugxilisa ingcindezi eyengeziwe endaweni encane ye-gasket, ngaleyo ndlela athuthukise ukulawulwa kwengcindezi yejoyinti.ububanzi nobude ngezinga lokucindezela nobubanzi kuchazwe ku-ASME B16.5.Izinga lokucindezela kwe-flange licacisa ubude bobuso obuphakanyiswayo. Ama-Flange e-RF ahloselwe ukugxilisa ukucindezela okwengeziwe endaweni encane ye-gasket, ngaleyo ndlela akhulise amandla okulawula ukucindezela kwejoyinti. Ububanzi nokuphakama ngesigaba sokucindezela nobubanzi kuchazwa I-ASME B16.5.Izilinganiso ze-pressure flange.
3. I-ring flange (RTJ)
Uma isigxivizo sensimbi siye kwesimbi sidingeka phakathi kwama-flange abhanqiwe (okuyisimo sokufakwa kwengcindezi ephezulu kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, okungukuthi, ngaphezu kuka-700/800 C°), kusetshenziswa i-Ring Joint Flange (RTJ) .
I-flange ehlangene yendandatho ine-groove eyindilinga efaka i-gasket ehlangene eyindandatho (oval noma unxande).
Lapho ama-flange amabili ahlangene amasongo eboshelwa ndawonye abese eqiniswa, amandla ebhawodi asetshenziswayo alimaza i-gasket emseleni we-flange, enze uphawu oluqinile lwensimbi olusuka kunsimbi.Ukuze ufeze lokhu, impahla ye-gasket ehlangene yendandatho kufanele ibe thambile (i-ductile ngaphezulu) kunempahla yama-flanges.
Amaflange e-RTJ angavalwa ngamagasket e-RTJ ezinhlobo ezahlukene (R, RX, BX) kanye namaphrofayili (isb, i-octagonal/elliptical yohlobo luka-R).
I-RTJ gasket ejwayeleke kakhulu wuhlobo luka-R olune-cross-section eyi-octagonal, njengoba iqinisekisa uphawu oluqine kakhulu (i-oval cross-section wuhlobo oludala).Kodwa-ke, umklamo "we-flat groove" wamukela zombili izinhlobo ze-RTJ gaskets ezine-octagonal noma i-oval cross-section.
4. Ulimi nama-groove flanges (T & G)
Ulimi olubili kanye nama-groove flange (ubuso buka-T & G) bulingana kahle: i-flange eyodwa inendandatho ephakanyisiwe kanti enye inemisele lapho ingena khona kalula (ulimi lungena emgodini bese luvala ilunga).
Ulimi kanye ne-groove flanges atholakala ngamasayizi amakhulu namancane.
5. Ama-Flange Eduna Nesifazane (M & F)
Ngokufana nolimi nama-groove flanges, ama-flange owesilisa nowesifazane (izinhlobo zobuso be-M & F) ziyahambelana.
I-flange eyodwa inendawo edlulela ngale kwendawo yayo, i-flange yesilisa, kanti enye i-flange ine-depressions efanayo efakwe endaweni ebheke phezulu, i-flange yesifazane.
I-Flange Surface Qeda
Ukuze uqinisekise ukulingana okuphelele kwe-flange ku-gasket kanye ne-flange yokukhwelana, indawo engaphezulu ye-flange idinga izinga elithile lobuhwaqane (i-RF ne-FF flange iqeda kuphela).Uhlobo lobunzima bobuso be-flange buchaza uhlobo "lwe-flange finish".
Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile yi-stock, concentric serrated, spiral serrated and smooth flange faces.
Kunezindawo ezine eziyisisekelo zokuqeda ama-flange ensimbi, nokho-ke, umgomo ovamile wanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokuqedwa kwe-flange ukukhiqiza ubulukhuni obudingekayo endaweni ye-flange ukuqinisekisa ukulingana okuqinile phakathi kwe-flange, i-gasket kanye ne-mating flange ukunikeza uphawu lwekhwalithi. .
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-08-2023