Umehluko phakathi kwensimbi yekhabhoni nensimbi engenasici

Insimbi yekhabhoni

Insimbi eyakhelwe imishini incike kakhulu ekuqukethwe kwekhabhoni yensimbi futhi akukho zinto ezibalulekile ezengeziwe ezingezwa, kwesinye isikhathi ezibizwa nge-carbon noma nge-carbon yensimbi ecacile.

I-Carbon ye-Carbon, ebizwa nangokuthi ne-carbon yensimbi, isho ama-alloys we-iron-carbon aqukethe ngaphansi kuka-2% Carbon WC.

I-Carbon ejwayele iqukethe amanani amancane eSilicon, Manganese, isibabule kanye ne-phosphorus ngaphezu kwekhabhoni.

Ngokusetshenziswa kwensimbi ye-carbon kungahlukaniswa izigaba ezintathu zensimbi ehlelekile yekhabhoni, insimbi yensimbi yekhabhoni kanye nokusika kwamahhala kwensimbi ehlelekile, i-carbon ehlelekile ihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezimbili zensimbi yokwakhiwa kokwakhiwa nokwakha umshini;

Ngokusho kwendlela yokubhema kungahlukaniswa ngensimbi yensimbi ethambile, insimbi yokuguqula insimbi nensimbi yomlilo kagesi;

Ngokwendlela ye-deoxidation ingahlukaniswa ngensimbi ebilayo (F), i-sedentary yensimbi (z), i-semi-sedentary yensimbi (b) nensimbi ekhethekile yokuhlala kabusha (i-Tz);

Ngokusho kokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni yensimbi yekhabhoni kungahlukaniswa ngensimbi ephansi ye-carbon (WC ≤ 0.25%), I-Medium Carbon Steel (WC0.25% -0.6%) ne-High Carbon Steel (WC> 0.6%);

Ngokusho kwe-phosphorus, okuqukethwe se-sulfur yensimbi yekhabhoni kungahlukaniswa ngensimbi ejwayelekile yekhabhoni (equkethe i-phosphorus, i-phosphorus ephezulu)

Ukuqukethwe okuphezulu kwekhabhoni ngensimbi ejwayelekile yekhabhoni, kukhudlwana ubunzima, kukhuphuka amandla, kepha kuncipha ipulasitiki.

Insimbi engagqwali

Insimbi engamelana ne-acid engamelana ne-acid ishiwo njengensimbi engenasici, ehlanganiswa izingxenye ezimbili ezinkulu: insimbi engenasici kanye nensimbi engasho lutho. Ngamafuphi, insimbi engamelana nokugqwala komoya ibizwa ngensimbi engenacala, kuyilapho insimbi engamelana ne-corrision ngama-chemical media ibizwa ngensimbi engasho lutho. Insimbi engenasisekelo iyinsimbi ephezulu enezinsimbi ezingaphezu kuka-60% njenge-matrix, engeza i-chromium, nickel, molybdenum nezinye izinto ezengeziwe.

Lapho insimbi iqukethe ama-chromium angaphezu kwe-12%, insimbi emoyeni bese u-dilute nitric acid akulula ukwelashwa nokugqwala. Isizathu ukuthi i-chromium ingakha isendlalelo esiqinile se-chromium oxide ifilimu ebusweni bensimbi, ukuvikela insimbi kusuka ekubhujisweni. Insimbi engagqwali kokuqukethwe kwe-chromium ngokuvamile ingaphezu kwe-14%, kepha insimbi engenasici ayinasici ngokugqwala ngokuphelele. Ezindaweni ezisogwini noma ukungcoliswa komoya okubucayi, lapho okuqukethwe komoya kwe-chloride ion kukhulu, ingaphezulu lensimbi engenasici evezwe emkhathini kungaba nezindawo zokugqwala, ngeke ziqede i-matrix yangaphakathi yensimbi engagqwali.

Ngokuvamile, inani le-wcr ye-chrome likhulu kune-12% yensimbi inezici zensimbi engenasici, i-auntenititic insimbi, i-auntenitic - insimbi engenacala, i-auntenitic - i-forrite insimbi engenacala ne-carbonite yensimbi engenacala.

Insimbi engenacala imvamisa ihlukaniswe yi-matrix inhlangano:

1, insimbi engenacala. Equkethe i-12% kuya ku-30% chromium. Ukumelana kwayo kokugqwala, ubulukhuni kanye nokushaywa kwe-welchimability ngokwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-chromium futhi kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-chloride ukuqina kungcono kunezinye izinhlobo zensimbi engagqwali.

2, i-auntenitutic yensimbi engenasici. Equkethe ama-chromium angaphezu kwe-18%, futhi aqukethe cishe ama-nickel angama-8% kanye nenani elincane le-molybdenum, titanium, nitrogen nezinye izinto. Ukusebenza okuphelele kulungile, kungamelana nokugqwayiza kwabezindaba okuhlukahlukene.

I-3, auntenitic - i-Ferritic duplex insimbi engenacala. Kokubili insimbi engenacala ye-auntenitic ne-ferrititic, futhi inezinzuzo ze-superplasticity.

4, insimbi engenacala. Amandla aphezulu, kepha amandla ampofu kanye nokushiswa.