Insimbi Yekhabhoni
Insimbi enezakhiwo zayo zemishini ezincike kakhulu kokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kwensimbi futhi okungekho zinto ezibalulekile ezihlanganisiwe ezivame ukungezwa kuyo, ngezinye izikhathi ezibizwa ngokuthi ikhabhoni engenalutho noma insimbi yekhabhoni.
Insimbi yekhabhoni, ebizwa nangokuthi insimbi yekhabhoni, ibhekisela kuma-alloy ensimbi-khabhoni aqukethe ngaphansi kuka-2% we-carbon WC.
Insimbi yekhabhoni ngokuvamile iqukethe inani elincane le-silicon, i-manganese, i-sulfur kanye ne-phosphorus ngaphezu kwekhabhoni.
Ngokusho kokusetshenziswa kwensimbi yekhabhoni, ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu zensimbi yesakhiwo sekhabhoni, insimbi yamathuluzi yekhabhoni kanye nensimbi yesakhiwo yokusika yamahhala, insimbi yesakhiwo sekhabhoni ihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezimbili zensimbi yesakhiwo yokwakha kanye nokwakhiwa komshini;
Ngokusho indlela yokuncibilikisa ingahlukaniswa ibe yinsimbi yesithando esiyisicaba, insimbi eguqulayo kanye nensimbi yesithando sikagesi;
Ngokwendlela yokususa i-oxidation, i-steel ebilisayo (F), i-steel engasebenzi (Z), i-steel engasebenzi kahle (b) kanye ne-steel ekhethekile engasebenzi kahle (TZ);
Ngokusho kokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni, insimbi yekhabhoni ingahlukaniswa ibe yinsimbi ephansi yekhabhoni (WC ≤ 0.25%), insimbi ephakathi yekhabhoni (WC0.25%-0.6%) kanye nensimbi ephezulu yekhabhoni (WC> 0.6%);
Ngokusho kwe-phosphorus, okuqukethwe kwe-sulfur kwensimbi yekhabhoni kungahlukaniswa kube yi-carbon steel evamile (equkethe i-phosphorus, i-sulfur ephezulu), i-carbon steel esezingeni eliphezulu (equkethe i-phosphorus, i-sulfur ephansi) kanye ne-high quality steel (equkethe i-phosphorus, i-sulfur ephansi) kanye ne-special high quality steel.
Uma okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kuphezulu ensimbini yekhabhoni evamile, kulapho ubulukhuni bukhula khona, kulapho amandla eqina khona, kodwa lapho i-plasticity incipha khona.
Insimbi engagqwali
Insimbi engagqwali engamelana ne-asidi ibizwa ngokuthi insimbi engagqwali, eyakhiwa izingxenye ezimbili ezinkulu: insimbi engagqwali kanye nensimbi engamelana ne-asidi. Ngamafuphi, insimbi engamelana nokugqwala komoya ibizwa ngokuthi insimbi engagqwali, kanti insimbi engamelana nokugqwala ngamakhemikhali ibizwa ngokuthi insimbi engamelana ne-asidi. Insimbi engagqwali iyinsimbi ene-alloy ephezulu ene-iron engaphezu kuka-60% njenge-matrix, enezela i-chromium, i-nickel, i-molybdenum nezinye izinto ezixubayo.
Uma insimbi iqukethe i-chromium engaphezu kuka-12%, insimbi esemoyeni kanye ne-nitric acid encibilikisayo akulula ukuyigqwala nokugqwala. Isizathu ukuthi i-chromium ingakha ungqimba oluqinile kakhulu lwefilimu ye-chromium oxide ebusweni bensimbi, ivikele ngempumelelo insimbi ekugqwaleni. Insimbi engagqwali enokuqukethwe kwe-chromium ngokuvamile ingaphezu kuka-14%, kodwa insimbi engagqwali ayinayo nhlobo igqwala. Ezindaweni ezisogwini noma kwezinye izindawo ezingcolisa umoya, lapho okuqukethwe kwe-ion ye-chloride yomoya kukhulu, ubuso bensimbi engagqwali obuvezwe emoyeni bungaba namabala okugqwala, kodwa lawa mabala okugqwala akhawulelwe kuphela ebusweni, ngeke agugule i-matrix yangaphakathi yensimbi engagqwali.
Ngokuvamile, inani le-chrome Wcr elingaphezu kuka-12% lensimbi linezici zensimbi engagqwali, insimbi engagqwali ngokwesakhiwo esincane ngemva kokwelashwa kokushisa ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezinhlanu: okungukuthi, insimbi engagqwali ye-ferrite, insimbi engagqwali ye-martensitic, insimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic, insimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic – ferrite kanye nensimbi engagqwali eyenziwe nge-carbonized precipitated.
Insimbi engagqwali ivame ukuhlukaniswa ngenhlangano ye-matrix:
1, insimbi engagqwali ye-ferritic. Iqukethe i-chromium engu-12% kuya ku-30%. Ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala, ukuqina kanye nokushibilika kanye nokwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-chromium kanye nokuthuthukisa ukucindezeleka kwe-chloride. Ukumelana nokugqwala kungcono kunezinye izinhlobo zensimbi engagqwali.
2, insimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic. Iqukethe i-chromium engaphezu kuka-18%, iqukethe ne-nickel engaba ngu-8% kanye nenani elincane le-molybdenum, i-titanium, i-nitrogen nezinye izinto. Ukusebenza okuphelele kuhle, kungamelana nokugqwala kwemidiya ehlukahlukene.
3、I-Austenitic – insimbi engagqwali ye-ferritic duplex. Kokubili insimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic ne-ferritic, futhi inezinzuzo ze-superplasticity.
4, insimbi engagqwali ye-martensitic. Amandla aphezulu, kodwa i-plasticity embi kanye nokushibilika.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-15-2023