Insimbi Yekhabhoni
Insimbi izakhiwo zayo zomshini zincike kakhulu engqikithini yekhabhoni yensimbi futhi okungekho kuyo izakhi ezibalulekile ze-alloying ngokuvamile ezingezwayo, ngezinye izikhathi ezibizwa nge-plain carbon noma carbon steel.
I-Carbon steel, ebizwa nangokuthi i-carbon steel, ibhekisela kuma-alloys e-iron-carbon aqukethe ngaphansi kuka-2% we-carbon WC.
Insimbi ye-carbon ngokuvamile iqukethe amanani amancane e-silicon, i-manganese, isulfure ne-phosphorus ngaphezu kwe-carbon.
Ngokusho ukusetshenziswa carbon steel ingahlukaniswa izigaba ezintathu carbon steel kwesakhiwo, carbon ithuluzi steel kanye khulula ukusika insimbi kwesakhiwo, carbon steel kwesakhiwo ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo ezimbili zensimbi kwesakhiwo ukwakhiwa kanye nokwakhiwa umshini;
Ngokwendlela yokuncibilikisa ingahlukaniswa ngensimbi yesithando somlilo, insimbi yokuguqula kanye nensimbi yesithando somlilo kagesi;
Ngokwendlela ye-deoxidation ingahlukaniswa ngensimbi ebilayo (F), insimbi ehlala phansi (Z), insimbi ye-semi-sedentary (b) nensimbi ekhethekile ehlala phansi (TZ);
Ngokusho kokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni yensimbi ye-carbon ingahlukaniswa ibe yinsimbi ephansi ye-carbon (WC ≤ 0.25%), i-medium carbon steel (WC0.25% -0.6%) kanye ne-high carbon steel (WC> 0.6%);
Ngokusho kwe-phosphorus, okuqukethwe kwesibabule sensimbi ye-carbon kungahlukaniswa ngensimbi evamile ye-carbon (equkethe i-phosphorus, isulfure ephakeme), i-carbon steel ephezulu (equkethe i-phosphorus, isulfure ephansi) nensimbi ephezulu (equkethe i-phosphorus, isulfure ephansi) kanye insimbi ekhethekile yekhwalithi ephezulu.
Ukuphakama kwekhabhoni ku-carbon steel jikelele, ubukhulu bulukhuni, amandla aphezulu, kodwa i-plasticity ephansi.
Insimbi engagqwali
Insimbi engagqwali emelana ne-asidi ibizwa ngokuthi insimbi engagqwali, eyakhiwe izingxenye ezimbili ezinkulu: insimbi engagqwali nensimbi engamelana ne-asidi.Ngamafuphi, insimbi ekwazi ukumelana nokugqwala komkhathi ibizwa ngokuthi insimbi engagqwali, kanti insimbi ekwazi ukumelana nokugqwala ngamakhemikhali ibizwa ngokuthi insimbi engamelana ne-asidi.Insimbi engagqwali iyinsimbi enengxubevange ephezulu enensimbi engaphezu kuka-60% njenge-matrix, yengeza i-chromium, i-nickel, i-molybdenum nezinye izakhi ze-alloying.
Uma insimbi iqukethe i-chromium engaphezu kuka-12%, insimbi esemoyeni futhi ihlanza i-nitric acid akulula ukugqwala nokugqwala.Isizathu siwukuthi i-chromium ingenza ungqimba oluqinile lwefilimu ye-chromium oxide ebusweni bensimbi, ivikele ngempumelelo insimbi ekugqwaleni.Insimbi engagqwali kokuqukethwe kwe-chromium ivamise ukuba ngaphezu kuka-14%, kodwa insimbi engagqwali ayinayo nhlobo ukugqwala.Ezindaweni ezisogwini noma ukungcola komoya okungathi sína, lapho i-ion chloride yomoya inkulu, ingaphezulu lensimbi engagqwali elichayeke emkhathini lingase libe namabala okugqwala, kodwa lezi zindawo zokugqwala zikhawulelwe phezulu kuphela, ngeke zigugule insimbi engagqwali. i-matrix yangaphakathi.
Ngokuvamile, inani le-chrome Wcr elingaphezu kuka-12% lensimbi linezici zensimbi engagqwali, insimbi engagqwali ngokusho kwe-microstructure ngemva kokwelashwa kokushisa ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezinhlanu: okungukuthi, insimbi engagqwali ye-ferrite, insimbi engagqwali ye-martensitic, i-austenitic engagqwali. insimbi, i-austenitic - insimbi engagqwali ye-ferrite kanye nensimbi engagqwali ye-carbonized.
Insimbi engagqwali ivamise ukuhlukaniswa yinhlangano ye-matrix:
1, insimbi engagqwali ye-ferritic.Iqukethe 12% kuya ku-30% chromium.Ukumelana nokugqwala kwayo, ukuqina kanye nokushisela nokwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-chromium nokuthuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-chloride kungcono kunezinye izinhlobo zensimbi engagqwali.
2, insimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic.Iqukethe i-chromium engaphezu kuka-18%, futhi iqukethe cishe u-8% we-nickel kanye nenani elincane le-molybdenum, i-titanium, i-nitrogen nezinye izakhi.Ukusebenza okuphelele kuhle, kungamelana nokugqwala okuhlukahlukene kwemidiya.
3, i-Austenitic - insimbi engagqwali ye-ferritic duplex.Kokubili i-austenitic ne-ferritic insimbi engagqwali, futhi inezinzuzo ze-superplasticity.
4, martensitic insimbi engagqwali.Amandla aphezulu, kodwa ipulasitiki empofu kanye nokushisela.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-15-2023