I-Duplex Stainless Steel (DSS) uhlobo lwensimbi engagqwali equkethe cishe izingxenye ezilinganayo ze-ferrite ne-austenite, kanti isigaba esincane ngokuvamile senza okungenani u-30%. I-DSS ngokuvamile inokuqukethwe kwe-chromium phakathi kuka-18% no-28% kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-nickel phakathi kuka-3% no-10%. Ezinye izinsimbi ezingagqwali ze-duplex nazo ziqukethe izinto ezixubayo njenge-molybdenum (Mo), ithusi (Cu), i-niobium (Nb), i-titanium (Ti), kanye ne-nitrogen (N).
Lesi sigaba sensimbi sihlanganisa izici zezinsimbi ezingagqwali ze-austenitic neze-ferritic. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinsimbi ezingagqwali ze-ferritic, i-DSS inokuqina okuphezulu nokuqina, ayinakho ukugqwala kwezinga lokushisa legumbi, futhi ikhombisa ukumelana nokugqwala okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokushibilika kwe-intergranular. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, igcina ukugqwala okungu-475°C kanye nokushisa okuphezulu kwezinsimbi ezingagqwali ze-ferritic futhi ibonisa ukuqina okuphezulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinsimbi ezingagqwali ze-austenitic, i-DSS inamandla aphezulu kanye nokumelana okungcono kakhulu nokugqwala kwe-intergranular kanye ne-chloride stress. I-DSS iphinde ibe nokumelana okuhle kakhulu kokugqwala futhi ibhekwa njengensimbi engagqwali esindisa i-nickel.
Isakhiwo kanye Nezinhlobo
Ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo esinezigaba ezimbili se-austenite ne-ferrite, isigaba ngasinye sibalwa cishe ingxenye, i-DSS ibonisa izici zezinsimbi ezingagqwali ze-austenitic neze-ferritic. Amandla okukhiqiza e-DSS asukela ku-400 MPa kuya ku-550 MPa, okuphindwe kabili kunalawo ezinsimbi ezingagqwali ze-austenitic ezivamile. I-DSS inokuqina okuphezulu, izinga lokushisa eliphansi lokuguquguquka okubuthakathaka, futhi ithuthukisa kakhulu ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-intergranular kanye nokushintshwa uma kuqhathaniswa nezinsimbi ezingagqwali ze-ferritic. Iphinde igcine ezinye izakhiwo zensimbi engagqwali ze-ferritic, njengokuqina okungu-475°C, ukuqhuba okuphezulu kokushisa, i-coefficient yokwandisa ukushisa okuphansi, i-superplasticity, kanye ne-magnetism. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinsimbi ezingagqwali ze-austenitic, i-DSS inamandla aphezulu, ikakhulukazi amandla okukhiqiza, kanye nokumelana okuthuthukisiwe kokugoba, ukugqwala kokucindezeleka, kanye nokukhathala kokugqwala.
I-DSS ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezine ngokusekelwe ekwakhekeni kwayo kwamakhemikhali: i-Cr18, i-Cr23 (engenayo i-Mo), i-Cr22, kanye ne-Cr25. Uhlobo lwe-Cr25 lungahlukaniswa kabanzi ngezinsimbi eziqinile ezijwayelekile kanye nezinsimbi eziqinile ezimbili. Phakathi kwalezi, izinhlobo ze-Cr22 kanye ne-Cr25 zivame ukusetshenziswa. E-China, iningi lamazinga e-DSS asetshenziswayo akhiqizwa eSweden, okuhlanganisa i-3RE60 (uhlobo lwe-Cr18), i-SAF2304 (uhlobo lwe-Cr23), i-SAF2205 (uhlobo lwe-Cr22), kanye ne-SAF2507 (uhlobo lwe-Cr25).
Izinhlobo ze-Duplex Stainless Steel
1. Uhlobo lwe-Alloy ephansi:Imelwe yi-UNS S32304 (23Cr-4Ni-0.1N), le nsimbi ayinayo i-molybdenum futhi inenombolo elinganayo yokumelana nokugqwala (PREN) engu-24-25. Ingathatha indawo ye-AISI 304 noma engu-316 ezinhlotsheni zokumelana nokugqwala kokucindezeleka.
2. Uhlobo lwe-Medium-Alloy:Imelelwe yi-UNS S31803 (22Cr-5Ni-3Mo-0.15N), ene-PREN engu-32-33. Ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala kuphakathi kwe-AISI 316L kanye ne-6% Mo+N izinsimbi ezingagqwali ze-austenitic.
3. Uhlobo lwe-High-Alloy:Ngokuvamile iqukethe u-25% Cr kanye ne-molybdenum ne-nitrogen, ngezinye izikhathi ithusi kanye ne-tungsten. Imelwe yi-UNS S32550 (25Cr-6Ni-3Mo-2Cu-0.2N), ene-PREN engu-38-39, le nsimbi inokumelana nokugqwala okungcono kune-22% Cr DSS.
4. Insimbi Engagqwali Eyi-Super Duplex:Iqukethe amazinga aphezulu e-molybdenum ne-nitrogen, emelelwa yi-UNS S32750 (25Cr-7Ni-3.7Mo-0.3N), ngezinye izikhathi iqukethe i-tungsten nethusi, ene-PREN engaphezu kuka-40. Ifaneleka ezimweni ezinzima zemidiya, inikeza ukugqwala okuhle kakhulu kanye nezakhiwo zemishini, ezifana nezinsimbi ezingagqwali ze-super austenitic.
Amabanga e-Duplex Stainless Steel eShayina
I-GB/T 20878-2007 ejwayelekile yesiShayina "Amabanga Ensimbi Engagqwali Futhi Engamelani Nokushisa kanye Nokwakheka Kwamakhemikhali" ifaka phakathi amazinga amaningi e-DSS, njenge-14Cr18Ni11Si4AlTi, 022Cr19Ni5Mo3Si2N, kanye ne-12Cr21Ni5Ti. Ngaphezu kwalokho, insimbi ye-duplex eyaziwayo engu-2205 ihambelana nebanga lesiShayina elingu-022Cr23Ni5Mo3N.
Izici ze-Duplex Stainless Steel
Ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo esinezigaba ezimbili, ngokulawula kahle ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kanye nenqubo yokwelashwa kokushisa, i-DSS ihlanganisa izinzuzo zezinsimbi ezingenalutho ze-ferritic neze-austenitic. Izuza ukuqina okuhle kakhulu kanye nokushibilika kwezinsimbi ezingenalutho ze-austenitic kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kwamandla aphezulu kanye nokucindezeleka kwe-chloride kwezinsimbi ezingenalutho ze-ferritic. Lezi zakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zenze i-DSS yathuthuka ngokushesha njengezinto zokwakha ezishibilikayo kusukela ngawo-1980, yafana nezinsimbi ezingenalutho ze-martensitic, austenitic, kanye ne-ferritic. I-DSS inezici ezilandelayo:
1. Ukumelana Nokugqwala Kokucindezeleka Kwe-Chloride:I-DSS equkethe i-molybdenum ikhombisa ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nokugqwala kokucindezeleka kwe-chloride emazingeni aphansi okucindezeleka. Ngenkathi izinsimbi ezingagqwali ze-austenitic eziyi-18-8 zivame ukuhlushwa ukuqhekeka kokucindezeleka ezixazululweni ze-chloride ezingathathi hlangothi ezingaphezu kuka-60°C, i-DSS isebenza kahle ezindaweni eziqukethe inani elincane lama-chloride kanye ne-hydrogen sulfide, okwenza ifaneleke kuma-heat exchanger kanye nama-evaporator.
2. Ukumelana Nokugqwala Okuphonswayo:I-DSS inokumelana okuhle kakhulu nokugqwala kwemigodi. Nge-Pitting Resistance Equivalent efanayo (PRE=Cr%+3.3Mo%+16N%), i-DSS kanye nezinsimbi ezingagqwali ze-austenitic zibonisa amandla afanayo okugqwala kwemigodi. Ukumelana nokugqwala kwemigodi ye-DSS, ikakhulukazi ezinhlotsheni ezine-chromium ephezulu, eziqukethe i-nitrogen, kudlula okwe-AISI 316L.
3. Ukugqwala Ukukhathala Nokuguguleka Ukumelana Nokugqwala:I-DSS isebenza kahle ezindaweni ezithile ezigqwalisayo, okwenza ifaneleke kumaphampu, amavalvu, kanye neminye imishini yamandla.
4. Izakhiwo Zemishini:I-DSS inamandla aphezulu kanye namandla okukhathala, inamandla okukhiqiza aphindwe kabili kunawezinsimbi ezingagqwali ze-austenitic ezingu-18-8. Esimweni esifakwe isixazululo, ukunwebeka kwayo kufinyelela ku-25%, kanti inani layo lokuqina i-AK (V-notch) lidlula i-100 J.
5. Ukushibilika:I-DSS iyakwazi ukushibilika kahle futhi inezindlela eziphansi zokuqhekeka ngokushisa. Ngokuvamile akudingeki ukushisa ngaphambi kokushibilika, futhi ukwelashwa kokushisa ngemva kokushibilika akudingekile, okuvumela ukushibilika ngezinsimbi ezingagqwali ze-austenitic noma izinsimbi ze-carbon ezingu-18-8.
6. Ukusebenza Okushisayo:I-DSS ene-chromium ephansi (18%Cr) inobubanzi obukhulu bokushisa okusebenzayo kanye nokumelana okuphansi kunezinsimbi ezingagqwali ze-austenitic eziyi-18-8, okuvumela ukugoqa ngqo kumapuleti ngaphandle kokubumba. I-DSS ene-chromium ephezulu (25%Cr) iyinselele kancane emsebenzini oshisayo kodwa ingakhiqizwa ibe amapuleti, amapayipi, kanye nezintambo.
7. Ukusebenza Okubandayo:I-DSS ibonisa ukuqina komsebenzi okukhulu ngesikhathi sokusebenza okubandayo kunezinsimbi ezingagqwali ze-austenitic ezingu-18-8, ezidinga ukucindezeleka kokuqala okuphezulu ukuze kuguqulwe ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwamapayipi namapuleti.
8. Ukuqhuba Nokukhulisa Ukushisa:I-DSS ine-conductivity ephezulu yokushisa kanye nama-coefficients okukhulisa ukushisa aphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nezinsimbi ezingagqwali ze-austenitic, okwenza ifaneleke imishini yokufaka ulwelwesi kanye nokukhiqiza amapuleti ahlanganisiwe. Ilungele futhi ama-core eshubhu lokushintshanisa ukushisa, kanye nokusebenza kahle kokushintshanisa ukushisa okuphezulu kunezinsimbi ezingagqwali ze-austenitic.
9. Ukungaqini:I-DSS igcina ukuthambekela kokuphuka kwezinsimbi ezingagqwali ze-ferritic ezine-chromium ephezulu futhi ayifanele ukusetshenziswa emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-300°C. Uma okuqukethwe kwe-chromium kuphansi ku-DSS, kulapho ingase ingabi sengozini yokuphuka njengesigaba se-sigma.
Izinzuzo Zokukhiqiza ze-Womic Steel
I-Womic Steel ingumkhiqizi ohamba phambili wensimbi engagqwali ephindwe kabili, enikeza uhla olubanzi lwemikhiqizo kufaka phakathi amapayipi, amapuleti, imigoqo, kanye nezintambo. Imikhiqizo yethu inamathela ezindinganisweni ezinkulu zomhlaba wonke futhi inesitifiketi se-ISO, CE, kanye ne-API. Singamukela ukugadwa komuntu wesithathu kanye nokuhlolwa kokugcina, siqinisekise ukuthi amazinga ekhwalithi ephezulu ayahlangatshezwa.
Imikhiqizo yensimbi engagqwali ye-Womic Steel emibili yaziwa ngalokhu okulandelayo:
Izinto Zokusetshenziswa Ezisezingeni Eliphezulu:Sisebenzisa kuphela izinto zokusetshenziswa ezinhle kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle komkhiqizo.
Amasu Okukhiqiza Athuthukisiwe:Izikhungo zethu zokukhiqiza zesimanje kanye nethimba elinolwazi zisenza sikwazi ukukhiqiza insimbi engagqwali ephindwe kabili enezakhi zamakhemikhali ezinembile kanye nezakhiwo zemishini.
Izixazululo Ezingenziwa Ngezifiso:Sinikeza ububanzi obukhulu bosayizi kanye nemininingwane ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezithile zamakhasimende ethu.
Ukulawulwa Kwekhwalithi Okuqinile:Izinqubo zethu zokulawula ikhwalithi eqinile ziqinisekisa ukuthi yonke imikhiqizo ihlangabezana nezindinganiso eziphakeme kakhulu zobuhle.
Ukufinyelela Komhlaba Wonke:Njengoba inenethiwekhi eqinile yokuthumela ngaphandle, i-Womic Steel inikeza insimbi engagqwali ephindwe kabili kumakhasimende emhlabeni jikelele, isekela izimboni ezahlukahlukene ngezinto ezithembekile nezisebenza kahle kakhulu.
Khetha i-Womic Steel efanela izidingo zakho zensimbi engagqwali ezimbili bese uzwa ikhwalithi nensizakalo engenakuqhathaniswa esihlukanisa embonini.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-29-2024