Umlando wokuthuthukiswa kwepayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo
Ukukhiqizwa kwamapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo kunomlando weminyaka ecishe ibe yi-100. Abafowethu baseJalimane baseMannesmann baqala ukwakha umshini wokubhoboza amapayipi amabili ngo-1885, kanye nomshini wokubhoboza amapayipi okwenziwa ngezikhathi ezithile ngo-1891. Ngo-1903, iSwiss RC stiefel yasungula umshini wokubhoboza amapayipi othomathikhi (owaziwa nangokuthi umshini wokubhoboza amapayipi ophambili). Ngemva kwalokho, kwavela imishini eyahlukahlukene yokwandisa efana nomshini wokubhoboza amapayipi oqhubekayo kanye nomshini wokubhoboza amapayipi, eyaqala ukwakha imboni yamapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo yesimanje. Ngawo-1930, ngenxa yokusetshenziswa komshini wokubhoboza amapayipi amathathu, umshini wokukhuphula kanye nomshini wokubhoboza obandayo okwenziwa ngezikhathi ezithile, ukuhlukahluka kanye nekhwalithi yamapayipi ensimbi kwathuthukiswa. Ngawo-1960, ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa komshini wokubhoboza amapayipi oqhubekayo kanye nokuvela komshini wokubhoboza amapayipi amathathu, ikakhulukazi impumelelo yomshini wokunciphisa ukucindezeleka kanye ne-billet yokuphonsa eqhubekayo, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kwathuthukiswa futhi ukuncintisana phakathi komshini wokubhoboza amapayipi okungenamthungo kanye nomshini wokushiswa kwathuthukiswa. Ngawo-1970, umshini wokubhoboza amapayipi okungenamthungo kanye nomshini wokushiswa kwakuhambisana nesivinini, kanti umkhiqizo wamapayipi ensimbi emhlabeni wonke wanda ngesilinganiso esingaphezu kuka-5% ngonyaka. Kusukela ngo-1953, iShayina ibilokhu igxile ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni yamapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo, futhi ekuqaleni yakhe uhlelo lokukhiqiza lokugoqa zonke izinhlobo zamapayipi amakhulu, aphakathi namancane. Ngokuvamile, ipayipi lethusi lisebenzisa nezinqubo zokugoqa nokubhoboza amapayipi e-billet.
Ukusetshenziswa kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwepayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo
Isicelo:
Ipayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo uhlobo lwensimbi yesigaba sezomnotho, edlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu emnothweni wezwe. Lisetshenziswa kabanzi embonini kaphethiloli, embonini yamakhemikhali, ebhoyileni, esiteshini sikagesi, emikhunjini, ekukhiqizweni kwemishini, ezimotweni, ezindizeni, ezindiza, emandleni, ejiyoloji, kwezokwakha, embonini yezempi nakweminye iminyango.
Ukuhlukaniswa:
① Ngokusho kwesimo sesigaba: ipayipi lesigaba eliyindilinga kanye nepayipi lesigaba elikhethekile.
2. Ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo: ipayipi lensimbi yekhabhoni, ipayipi lensimbi ye-alloy, ipayipi lensimbi engagqwali kanye nepayipi elihlanganisiwe.
③ ngokwemodi yokuxhuma: ipayipi lokuxhuma elinezintambo kanye nepayipi elihlanganisiwe.
④ ngokwendlela yokukhiqiza: ipayipi eligoqayo elishisayo (i-extrusion, i-jacking kanye ne-expansion) kanye nepayipi eligoqayo elibandayo (ukudweba).
⑤ ngokwenhloso: ipayipi lebhoyila, ipayipi lomthombo wamafutha, ipayipi lepayipi, ipayipi lesakhiwo kanye nepayipi lomanyolo wamakhemikhali.
Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza ipayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo
① Inqubo eyinhloko yokukhiqiza (inqubo eyinhloko yokuhlola) yepayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo eligoqiwe elishisayo:
Ukulungiswa nokuhlolwa kwepayipi elingenalutho → Ukushisa kwepayipi elingenalutho → ukubhoboza → ukugoqa ipayipi → ukufudumala kabusha kwepayipi eliluhlaza → usayizi (ukunciphisa) → ukwelashwa kokushisa → ukuqondisa ipayipi eliqediwe → ukuqeda → ukuhlolwa (okungonakalisi, okungokoqobo kanye nokwamakhemikhali, ukuhlolwa kwebhentshi) → ukugcinwa kwempahla.
② Izinqubo eziyinhloko zokukhiqiza ipayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo eligoqiwe (elidonswe) elibandayo
Ukulungiswa okungenalutho → ukukhahlela nokuthambisa → ukugoqa okubandayo (ukudweba) → ukwelashwa ngokushisa → ukuqondisa → ukuqeda → ukuhlolwa.
Ishadi lokugeleza kwenqubo yokukhiqiza lepayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo elishisayo lingokulandelayo:
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba 14-2023